Problem Solving Theories and Critical Theories

Introduction

• Difference between Problem Solving Theories and Critical Theories
• Division of theories in International Relations (IR)

Problem Solving Theories

• Definition: Traditional and mainstream IR theories
• Objective: Developed to solve specific problems
• Characteristics:
  • Accepts existing structures
  • Tries to appear value-free
  • State-centric approach

Critical Theories

• Definition: Theories that challenge power structures and norms
• Source: Frankfurt School and Marxist thought
• Characteristics:
  • Emphasis on social justice and emancipatory politics
  • Challenges power imbalance
  • Focus on social context

Key Thinkers

• Credit for the division: Marxist IR Thinkers, 1981
• Frankfurt School: Adorno, Horkheimer, Habermas
• Significant contribution: Andrew Linklater

Criticism of Problem Solving Theories

• Excessive focus on the state, neglect of other entities
• Western-centric bias
• Limited perspective on issues like climate change and human rights

Components of Critical Theories

• Social constructivism, post-modernism, feminism, green theory
• Normative critique and analysis of power concepts

Main Differences

• Problem Solving Theories:
  • State-centric, practical solutions
  • Acceptance of power imbalance
• Critical Theories:
  • Criticism of power structures
  • Transformative approach
  • Normative transformation

Conclusion

• Importance of Problem Solving and Critical Theories
• Role of various perspectives in IR
• Be familiar with keywords like "power", "structure", "norms"

References

• Announcement of future topics in the video
• Presented by Sandeep Singh

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In this way, Problem Solving Theories and Critical Theories present different perspectives and arguments, playing an important role in the study and application of IR.