Lecture Notes: Industrial Symbiosis in the 21st Century

Introduction

• 21st Century Challenges and Solutions

  • Environmental and social concerns accompany economic growth.
  • Advanced technologies and communication dissolve country and industry boundaries.
  • Emphasis on communication and cooperation.

• Concept of Industrial Symbiosis

  • A relatively new term; involves value creation and economic/environmental benefits.
  • Encourages cooperation in business decisions and resource utilization.
  • Waste from one entity becomes raw material for another.
  • Shared resources: energy, labor, logistics, expertise.

Historical Background

• Origins of Industrial Symbiosis

  • First practices in Denmark, 1970s.
  • Widely adopted in Europe, North America, and countries like South Korea, China, Mexico, Brazil, and Australia.

• Case Study: National Industrial Symbiosis Programme (NISP) in UK

  • Initiated in 2005 with significant economic and environmental impact.
  • Achievements: £250M cost savings, 9M tonnes landfill diversion, 8M tonnes CO2 reduction.
  • Created new jobs and generated tax revenue.

Industrial Symbiosis in Turkey

• Eskenderun Bay Project

  • Launched in 2009 as a corporate social responsibility initiative.
  • Facilitated by Baku-Ceyhan Tubeless Crude Oil Pipeline Company.
  • Expanded through cooperation with Turkish Technology Development Foundation, Middle East Technical University.

• Key Achievements

  • Development of a dynamic industrial symbiosis network.
  • Promoted cooperation between private sector, public agencies, universities, NGOs.
  • Example: Cooperation between fruit juice and lime production industries.

Specific Projects and Outcomes

• Agriculture and Industry Cooperation

  • Fruit pulp waste used for high-quality feedstuff with lime industry waste energy.
  • Energy production from agricultural and animal waste.

• Innovative Energy Solutions

  • Animal waste converted to energy; potential for 9M kWh annually.
  • Produces 5,500 tons of fertilizer a year.

• Oil and Bioproduct Integration

  • Cottonseed production waste used in soil improvement.
  • Developed new bioproducts for environmental benefits.

• Recycling and Waste Management

  • Electricity generation from waste oil and end-of-life tires/batteries.
  • Recovery facility manages 40,000 tons of waste, yielding 10M kWh.

• Transportation Sector Innovations

  • Utilization of slag from iron/steel industries in highway construction.
  • Reduces quarrying needs; recovers iron resources.

• Chemical and Cement Sector Cooperation

  • Soda ash wastes used in cement production to save energy/resources.

Broader Impact and Future Prospects

• National Economy and Environmental Impact

  • Conversion of 330,000 tons of waste into products; significant profit generation.
  • Engagement of 27 institutions, support from 5 universities.

• Industrial Revolution and Sustainability

  • Cultivation of a culture of cooperation in industry.
  • Positive outcomes: job creation, sustainability, efficiency, profitability.

• Future of Industrial Symbiosis

  • Turkey's potential for industrial symbiosis-driven revolution.
  • Creates a competitive advantage on a global scale.

Conclusion

• Industrial Symbiosis as a Solution
  • Encourages mutual benefits for stakeholders and the environment.
  • Leads to sustainable development through cooperation and innovative strategies.