Professor Long's Anatomy and Physiology Lecture
Introduction
- Videos intended for enrolled students to support learning
- Focus on bones, joints, and articulations
- Current topic: Joint structures and motions
Major Joints and Their Complexities
- Knee Joint
- Highly complex; frequently injured in sports
- Understanding knee structure aids understanding of other joints
- Anatomical view of the knee:
- Anterior View: Femur, tibial plateau, patella
- Lateral View: Distal femur, proximal tibia
Muscles and Tendons Surrounding the Knee
- Hamstrings (posterior) and Quadriceps (anterior)
- Patellar Tendon and Ligament
- Patellar tendon connects quadriceps to tibial tuberosity
- Patellar ligament holds patella to tibia
Ligaments in Knee Stabilization
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
- Cruciate = cross, they crisscross inside the knee
- Maintain knee alignment, prevent excessive movement
- Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) and Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
- Provide medial and lateral stabilization
Common Injuries
- Meniscus Tears
- Most common athletic injury
- Meniscus acts as a shock absorber
- Torn meniscus can lead to arthritis
ACL and PCL Injuries in Athletes
- More common in females due to joint laxity
- Importance of strengthening exercises
Intervertebral Discs
- Fibrocartilage pads between vertebrae
- Annulus Fibrosus and Nucleus Pulposus
- Provides shock absorption
- Bulging and Herniated Discs
- Bulging: Partial tear, causes nerve compression
- Herniated: Complete tear, loss of nucleus pulposus
Spine and Proper Lifting Techniques
- Protect the spine during patient transfer and weight lifting
- Bend knees, keep the spine straight to avoid disc injuries
Conclusion
- Master ligaments and disc structures
- Study diligently, aim to explain concepts clearly to others
Remember to refer to the note set and the board for detailed diagrams and descriptions. Study effectively and ensure a solid understanding of the structural anatomy discussed.