Cantonese Morning Tea (Yum Cha): A Bite of Cantonese Culture

Abstract

• Yum Cha: A unique breakfast tradition in Cantonese culture originating from the Qing dynasty.
• Components: Small dishes (dim sum) and Chinese tea.
• Significance: Influences dietary patterns, supports social interactions, and symbolizes local culture.
• Cultural Importance: Shapes both physical and mental aspects of Cantonese people.

Introduction

• Breakfast as Cultural Carrier: Breakfast is integral to Chinese food culture and is emphasized in global nutrition policies.
• Regional Variations: Different regions in China have unique breakfast styles.
• Cantonese Morning Tea: Known as Yum Cha, involves drinking tea and dim sum outdoors, serving as social gatherings.

Origin and Development

• Historical Background: Originated during the Qing dynasty under Emperor Qianlong, linked to Guangzhou's economic boom.
• Teahouses: Yi Li Guan and Er Li Guan as early forms, evolving into teahouses for different social classes.
• Global Spread: Yum Cha culture has spread globally to countries like Vietnam, Australia, and the USA.

Components of Morning Tea

• Tea: Integral part of Chinese culture; Guangdong is a major tea consumption market.
  • Types of Tea: Oolong, Pu-erh, chrysanthemum tea with distinct preparation methods.
• Dim Sum: Small-sized dishes served on bamboo steam baskets.
  • Variations: Differ by cooking method and regional style, including steamed, fried, and dessert items.

Service of Morning Tea

• Teahouse Dynamics: Patrons have preferred spots; menu cards and a tea fee.
• Ordering System: Dim sum served via pushcarts and traditionally ordered using a bill card system.

Etiquette of Morning Tea

• Tea Refilling: Jie Gai Xu Shui (signaling for a refill) and Kou Zhi Cha Li (gratitude gesture).
• Dining Etiquette: Elders start meals, respect for turntables, offering last serving to others, paying the bill gesture.

Function of Morning Tea

• Health Benefits: Tea contains beneficial active components; dim sum provides energy and nutrients.
• Social Function: Supports social ties and is a venue for social and business interactions.

Future of Morning Tea

• Cultural Integration: Western food culture's influence and changing consumer demographics.
• Market Growth: Increasing market size, with challenges from fast food.
• Preservation Efforts: Improving nutritional quality and promoting as cultural heritage.

Conclusion

• Cultural Symbol: Yum Cha integrates regional customs, offering more than just a meal.
• Social Impact: Enhances social bonds and should be valued and preserved for future generations.

• Authors: Contributions from Kaiwei Guo, Na Zhang, Jianfen Zhang, Man Zhang, Mingzhu Zhou, Yue Zhang, and Guansheng Ma.
• Publication: Open access under Creative Commons.
• Keywords: Cantonese culture, Yum Cha, dim sum, Chinese tea, social gatherings.