Andrew Jackson and the Spoils System

Introduction

• Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the United States (1829-1837)
• Known for introducing the spoils system during his presidency

What is the Spoils System?

• Practice of appointing loyal political supporters to government jobs
• A reward for their support during election campaigns
• Shift from traditional merit-based system to loyalty-based appointments

Implementation During Jackson's Presidency

• About 20% of federal officeholders were replaced with Jackson's supporters
• Positions affected included:
  • District Attorneys
  • Federal Marshals
  • Customs Collectors
  • Post Office roles
• Justification:
  • Prevent nepotism
  • Ensure government accountability to the people

Justifications and Support

• Jackson's defenders saw it as a way to:
  • Reward party loyalists
  • Strengthen party organization
• Famous Quote: "To the victor belongs the spoils" - Senator William Marcy

Continuation Under Martin Van Buren

• Martin Van Buren, Jackson's Vice President and successor (President in 1836)
• Continued the spoils system to:
  • Reward supporters
  • Maintain political strength of the Democratic Party

Criticism and Controversy

• Opponents argued it rewarded supporters over qualified individuals
• Some appointees were controversial and poorly regarded
• Created political tensions and resistance within Jackson's coalition

Impact on American Politics

• Opened government positions to a broader range of people
• Introduced political tensions and altered political patronage dynamics
• Had a lasting influence on American political history

Summary

• Jackson emphasized loyalty over qualifications in government appointments
• Spoils system changed the nature of political patronage in the U.S.
• Continued by Martin Van Buren, leaving a significant mark on American politics