[Music] hello guys um welcome to my youtube channel my name is bongani and guys today as i've stated before that we are going to look at protein synthesis so today is the day to look at this fantastic and a very simple topic now before we continue i'd like to remind those who are just here for the first time to subscribe to my channel to like and of course comment down below and last but not least please don't forget to share this to your friends and tell them like your friends to share to their friends so that they can also get this um information it's very important information especially for those who are in high school and matriculants okay let's just start by looking at what we are going to discuss uh on our lesson so we are going to discuss what is protein synthesis it's very important to understand each and every topic that we are going to tackle okay you need to understand the definition you know get the gist of what's going on and then secondly we're gonna look at where and how and why does uh proteins and this is happen why you need to ask yourself why does it happen where does it happen and how does it happen okay and then uh deadly we are going to discuss the three types of rnas and last but not least we're going gonna look at the involvement of dna in rna in contained synthesis and also a two very important processes which are part or which are the main processes of protein and synthesis which is transcription which is the first process that happens in the nucleus and the other process or the second process is translation which takes place in the ribosomes now what is protein synthesis um protein synthesis is actually the process by which proteins are made in in a cell of an organism to form enzymes hormones and new other structures of a cell in simple terms guys as the weight itself remember in life sciences or in biology we all know that synthesis means making something producing something creating something so here we are producing proteins in our cells okay so where does this process occur okay this process occurs in a cell of an organism just like that and how does it okay it occurs um via or through particular processes which we've got two of them namely transcription and translation by using dna and rna and then why is this process important it is important because we make up certain molecules which are made up of a building blocks called amino acids you know to form what we call um proteins okay um examples of proteins that we have in our bodies is our hemoglobin which is a very important and pigment which um actually carries oxygen okay so that pigment is found in our red blood cells and then we also have insulin which plays a very important role in um reducing the amount of sugar in our blood to protect us from having what we call sugar diabetes and that is found in the pancreas and then we've got the collagen as well which is found on our skin so guys there's so many many other proteins that we can actually explain but that's not important at this moment do you need to understand that this process is a process whereby we produce proteins now we also need to look at the three types of rna they are very important because we are going to talk about them because they have specific functions and during a they play at different functions during protein synthesis okay the first one that we're going to look at is our messenger rna which is simply abbreviated as m rna okay this one is important because it's it's the one that carries information from the dna in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm okay and then the second one is the ribosomal rna or r r n a so this one is actually the structural component of of ribosomes and last but not least we've got what we call transfer rna which is abbreviated as t rna this one it transports a building blocks called amino acids to the ribosome during translation to help build up an amino acid chain or to build polypeptide chain or to build up proteins okay now we are actually going to look at the first process of protein sentences because remember guys as i've told you that protein synthesis consists of two main processes okay now the first important process that occurs is a process that we call transcription now what happens there the first thing to happen is that the double helix as it unwinds what will happen now the strand will start to be separated each trans the double stranded dna will be unzipped or it will be separated because now what happens is that the weak hydrogen bonds are broken down to form two separate strands okay now guys um protein sorry transcription okays when we have the when we and what happens let me just put it in like this so what happens is that now during dna replication you know uh transcription occurs what will happen is that now dna will be copied into rna especially mrna so mrna will be copied into it so the dna will be copied into to mrna or it will be transcribed into mrna by an enzyme called a rna polymerase but that enzyme is not important for you guys but just know that an enzyme a particular enzyme would actually make the dna to be copied by mrna okay in simple terms what happens is that mrna copies certain information from dna and then once it gets that information it goes out it comes like during dna replication once the strands are now separated it sneaks in or it just goes in faster quickly and it copies the information from dna and then it leaves okay and then now remember as this information is copied remember only one strand is going to be used at the template to form mrna or to copy the information okay using three add an a neutral types from the nucleoplasm so guys neutroplasm oh now this it's like the cytoplasm of individuals but we call it a neutroplasm now this mrna is complemented to to the dna meaning now the nitrogenous bases they have to be what they have to bond to certain a nitrogenous bases that they always point with for example um uracil will respond with adenine um quinine with cytosine okay now after that has okay the mrna now has the coded message for protein synthesis once now the mrna has copied a like copied um a particular message or a particular part of dna now it is called it so it has coded message for protein synthesis remember dna is complete into rna or into mrna right now once it has been copied into mrna the mrna now is has got the coded message for protein synthesis now it has to leave the nutrients hence it's going to leave the nutrients via what we call the neutral pulse and it's going to attach itself to the ribosome okay now moving right along guys what i also want to explain is that now as this mrna leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores and it binds or is it is attached to the ribosome guys remember mrna it contains a triplets which we call uh codons you know those are base chiplets they're nitrogenous space triplets okay those three plates we call them cordons okay now moving right along to translation now during translation there's a particular rna or a type of rna that we spoke about which is what we call the transfer rna this one will actually carry specific amino acids right and then this it brings these amino acids into the mrna that is attached to the ribosome now this trna it has also it's a base triplets or nitrogenous base triplets called anticodons so guys these anticodons they always have to match to the triplet that is found two cordons sorry guys anticodon has to match codon for instance if maybe our codon consists of three quinines so it means now our anticodon it has to contain three cytosines okay as this mrna it brings a required ammunition to the ribosome these amino acids become attached by what by what we call peptide bonds these bonds are very important to know because they might be asked about which bonds join amino acids to form a polypeptide chain or to form proteins now these peptide bonds they bond all these amino acids to form a protein or to form a polypeptide chain as simple as that now i want us to look at the diagram because i feel like it's going to be easier if we use a diagram to an air to explain protein synthesis now as you can see number one the dna now is still a double helix okay now during dna replication as it is as it unwinds what happens now as i've told you mrna will just go inside okay and then it's going to use one template of a dna strand okay now it goes to the one in a strand and then it is copied into it it actually takes away a particular information it's codes for particular information and then once it's called it's called it has coded the message for protein synthesis it leaves but it leaves the nucleus as mrna and then that mrna here it leaves the nucleus through the the neutral pole these are poles found on the membrane on this nuclear membrane so the mrna will leave what the nucleus and go to attach itself in onto the to the ribosome and then what happens now your your codons or your triplet bases are now exposed they're waiting for the anticodons to come and connect to them to form amino acids okay now what happens is that now once the mrna is now attached to the ribosome the trna will go collect a particular or specific amino acids okay now remember that trna also has what we call an anticodon as i've stated which is also a triplet of bases so these triplets of bases they have to actually connect to the triplet bases found on the mrna which are your codons now each triplet basis stupid base has to actually correspond to each so each anti-condom will have to actually uh be connected be connected to each codon to form amino acids now as these amino acids are being formed we actually see certain bonds that are gonna come and join these amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain or what we call a protein then that's it guys as simple as that that's how proteins are produced thank you guys for watching i hope you understood everything if you have further questions please comment down below and i hope you're gonna understand what i explained please repeat watching the video so that you understand more and please don't forget to subscribe like comment and share thank you so much guys for the support that you've been giving me bye bye