Z castan is a very efficient way of taking notes and its strength comes from the fact that it's not just about collecting and organizing notes but it's also about some doing something with them really it is a tool for thinking and writing and it was popularized by a German sociologist in the 1950s um the guy was called Nicholas Luman and he had this habits of collecting ideas and notes about everything he was reading about or everything he was thinking about writing them on on little cards index cards and storing those cards into is zetel Casten it sounds very cool when you say that in German but it translates to a less grammar and maybe more humble slip box in English but it was a very efficient and simple system that today we're going to try and replicate in Apple notes before we do that let's try and have a look at how the system worked so we can Define how to uh adapt it to Apple not the first thing to notice is that um as you can see here Z castom was very a very simple thing it's just really a chest of drawers full of index cards the those cards were of different types but the most important type were the so-called permanent notes these are ideas or maybe summaries of um other cars that were present in the system the Lumen would write manually remember it was the 1950s or 60s there were no computers so Luma was doing everything using pen and paper and by the time he died by the way this zel custom was full of cards he had 90,000 cards which over a career they span 50 years means the Lumen collected seven cards a day for his entire life no six days no weekends no holidays seven cars a day and um every card was usually about a single idea that would it would pick up from books or from his own thoughts but the important thing is that these cards were linked to other cards so if we have a look at one of these permanent notes this is an example um he had as you can see here a reference number which Luman used to connect cards he had to come up with this linking system so every card would have in this case like 997a it is just a reference that he would then use to link um other cards to this one um and this one to other cards it would then have a description of his idea maybe it's it's one thought maybe it's a couple of thoughts and then this card as you can see here it's linked to another one and look at how complex the index the reference number for the other card is it is 213d 26g 70m 2 comma 5 so the overall idea is that he started with a very simple indexing system so three cards could be numbered one two and three maybe but then if he wanted to Branch off from card one he would create uh card 1 a and then 1 B and 1 C to continue that Trin of thoughts and again if you wanted to Branch off from card one a it would create another note called 1 A1 and then 1 A2 and so on and over the course of 50 years of course this indexing system became much more complex and there are cards in the there are um described by maybe 13 or 14 levels of letters and numbers now we don't have to worry about any of this in apple nose because everything is done digitally but you can imagine how difficult it was for Luman to have an idea jot it down and then try to link it to existing ideas in the zetel custom the more notes he had the more this thing uh probably became complex and timec consuming but at the same time once the linking was in place Lumen was able to start from one card and then following the links in on that card he could discover uh a train of thoughts and Pathways that were always different so one day he could start from this card and choose to follow the first link and then on the next card he would follow the second link and so on and the following week he could do the opposite go for link number two and then for link number one and so on so he would basically it was basically able to move from one card to to the other let's say at the speed of thought I mean it was still quite cumbersome to find and locate all the cars but you get the principal and he actually credited his zetel castom and this complete Linkin system to his very prolific career as a writer because in the course of his career he wrote 70 books 400 articles and when he died people found um in his office dozens if not hundreds of Unfinished um drafts and articles so he was really able to connect ideas very very quickly because and he said that he was able to communicate with his zetel Casten and when he said communicate what he meant was that after years the zetel Casten was able to resurface ideas his ideas actually something that he had stored in the Z cast and and maybe forgotten about and all of a sudden it was presented back with those ideas so Z is actually a an incredible um system which if you think about becomes if you think about it it becomes even more amazing when you think the Lumen was doing everything by hand and it is actually Testament probably to the fact that having a good enough system something that works and delivers trumps having having a state-of-the-art perfect system that doesn't deliver it doesn't give you what you want and let's not forget that Luma um again when he wrote his book about communicating with the zetel Casten he was very clear about the fact that he knew that the system wasn't perfect he knew that some ideas may be uh buried in the zetel cast forever never able to resurface but he accepted that less than perfect system because the rest of it was working so well for him and it is a principle that we can probably all apply to our own lives now going back to the to the Casten the other main type of note is the literature note I've got an example here every time um Lumen was reading books and at the time really um the majority of his knowledge used to come from books or maybe articles he would write a complete note about that book um like this one that we're seeing here but he would write very very simply the page number and a little description of what interested him about that uh particular subject it's a really short list that has a description of where to find that information if needed and what was interesting about it at the end of the book he would store this literature note into a specific literature box um ready to do something with it and maybe later on some of these notes or comments could become permanent not in the zetel castom um there are probably two or three things that we can learn from this and this is is actually really useful number one there is always a reference that we need to include when linking back to a specific piece of content so if at some point we want to go back to to that point and read about it we know where to search for the second thing is these very short descriptions of what was is interesting for Lumen or for us if you're leing reading the book about that specific idea or passage in the book and the third point which is extremely important is that everything here was written in lum's own words and this is really key every time we take note about something it needs to be written in our own words we basically need to internalize the idea and reconvert it into into something which is us so there's no copying and pasting uh passages of the book I'm afraid Luman didn't have that luxury uh he didn't have a computer so he couldn't simply you know copy and paste uh pieces of the book but we do have command C and command V very very convenient on our keyboards and we need to make an effort not to use them um and by the way in modern days a literature not um is probably kind of limiting in a way because we consume much more um Than Just Books you could be watching videos and there are podcasts there are documentaries there are interviews there are lessons there are lots of things that can provide us with material that we want to store and save so maybe a literature note should be called a Content note um at this at this point um but the key principle still stands it is a reference to a specific piece of content with a brief description in our own words the third type of um note is what Luman called reference notes and this is really different types of of notes that e would use it could be bibliographical notes so metadata about one of the books he was reading uh they could be um entry points to specific subjects let's call let's consider them to be hubs um to a to a single uh topic they you can then use to Branch off to subtopics and I've got an example of a reference note here for example um he has this um card 7/40 about realm whatever that means in German as you can see it's just some sort of an entry point to more detailed uh subtopics so this one would be 536 71b I think this one would have a different entry point and so on so consider them like some switches really you are on this card and you can then choose what type of uh uh train of thought to follow from this point on um another type of reference note is the so-called keywords index like this one um as you can see this is quite brittle but it's really a list of keywords we will probably call them tags at this point um a list of keywords with a few potential entry points to those keyboards now one one important thing that I would like you to notice this guy had 990,000 cards in the zel Casten but as you can see these references only link to maybe one two I think the maximum was four um entry points so it was again it's another confirmation that the guy didn't go for um completeness he didn't want a perfect system he wanted a good enough system he didn't want to clutter this card with lots of entry points to every single note that had this keyword he only wanted a few entry points because he trusted and this is really key that the system will then provide him with the next steps in his train of thought in every single card you will find at least one other link to another thought that he could then follow this is again something we can replicate very easily actually in Apple notes now that we have tags and um these things will be pulled automatically for us um the other type of notes is something that I don't have an example here but it's what Luman referred to as fleeting notes and these are just really thoughts and quick ideas we may call them shower thoughts for example something that comes to you at some point you take note of it without any context without any details uh just to be reminded in a few days to do something with them I don't have an example here but sometimes this was a oneliner has this ever been explored or I realized that this could mean that something very simple um stored without any context only to be discarded in a few days after having done something with them and this is the key difference actually something that I didn't mention permanent notes have the permanent notes are written in exactly the opposite way permanent notes are self-contained notes that include enough content enough context to be uh self-standing they have written carefully as if for publication in a way and they are meant to be there forever that's the the the meaning of a permanent n so they are carefully crafted and they could be summaries of many other cards or maybe completely new ideas and the overall system should aim at the creation of permanent knots now I've given you um an overview of uh the zetel Casten method now let's try and see how we can replicate this in apple knots and many of these things are very simple because the system was so basic at the beginning that the majority of the things Alum was was doing can be replicated in Apple notes very effectively so I've created a folder here and in this folder I've got four categories really that's it fleeting notes literature notes permanent notes and reference notes and uh in my literature notes for example I've got just a few examples this is a book that I may have read and by the way this is just random data that I've created for the purpose of this demonstration this could be a book that I've read and I've got some meta dat here the title the author publisher the year it was published and so on and this is written using the mono style um font which is here and and then following lum's um suggestion I may have taken notes indicating the page number and what was interesting for me at that specific point about that uh particular bit of text U the fact that this guy left school at 12 as he wanted to be a chef on page 35 there is something else on this page there is the fact that he won a very prestigious prize for a three story dish whatever and then I've got to tag him you can be much more detailed with your tags and this is something you need to decide based on your uh circumstances um this one is another literature or maybe content note and in this case it's about a video so I've stored the link to the video the channel name and maybe the year with an indication of the time stamps so uh 12 minutes 29 seconds it shows something about um you know W numbers for flower and at this point 1349 um it tells that he says that the pizza base becomes uh Stronger when cooked at the base of the oven and so on as you can see my theme is around baking and then I've gone another book here so mightly shter notes and this folder will grow and grow and grow and by the way Lumen was very adamant that he only wanted to have a few categories because the key bit the key ingredient in his system was links there's no point in assigning things to categories because that would basically pigeon Hall a specific thought a specific item to a single category instead when you're using links you can reuse the same idea in different contexts without any problems and by the way if you're looking uh for for some serendipities or you're looking for something else and you almost by chance stumble on something else maybe different you need to have everything into the same category if you start creating categories and subcategories and subfolders every level down will restrict your perspective then we've got a um we may have a folder for permanent notes and these are these are as we said either summaries of existing notes or our own personal thoughts original thinking really in this case I've got maybe um a summary card that I've created about W numbers in flower and as you can see this is my um idea about storing information about this topic which is something that I wrote and also a few links as we discovered in lum's example these are really key because at this point if if I'm reading this card I can decide which route to go down do I want to look at ingredients uh maybe for flower types or do I want to look at baking techniques I may have more of course and if I decide to go to this link it will bring me to in this case in this example to my note about this baking technique where I can discover more and I can come up with new thoughts and ideas as you can see I've created a link in Apple notes which are very easy to uh create definitely easier than the ones Luman was creating by hand and I'm going to show you how to create these links um it's really simple in in apple not especially if you write on your computer but it works in the same way on your mobile you highlight a word you right click or maybe you tap on a phone you choose add link and in this window you start typing the first few letters of the internal notes that you want to create um in my case that was a baking um uh that baking uh page so if I start typing baking I can then select the not that I want to link to I'm not going to do it now but this is it and by the way if you want to change your link you can hover over it right click um and edit link and you can change it as I said on a million um occasions on this um on this channel I'm also a very big fan of the shortcut to create links which works especially well on your Mac if you type two greater than signs you can then create links on the fly so if I wanted to click on this to this zetel cast and note or maybe Keyword Index and so on I could simply do that otherwise I could start typing the first letters of the note and pick the one that I wanted now I'm going to delete this one and I can continue showing you around now I've got uh maybe a folder for fleeting notes just random ideas as as we said shower thoughts ideas something your friends tell you something you think about when you wake up in the morning you take a note and it could be a silly note it could be a question it could be a very profound thing the overall point is that you park that idea there um ready to be used somehow in your zetel custom has anyone ever created a three-story Pizza that could be the entry point for one big exploration of my zetel castom looking for that bit of information and maybe if no one has ever created one I could create mine to create my own new permanent note about this specific project and the final thing are reference notes as we said um Luman had mainly two types of um reference notes one was um uh key keywords indexes in our case a Keyword Index can be achieved in a much easier way using our tag Cloud here so if I'm looking for all my notes tagged um ingredients for example I can simply click here and the list will be returned to me of every notes that contains that tag and if I want it I can then further um refine my search using this very efficient search box here and and then if I go back to my reference notes the other type of reference notes is the um Hub this is a let's call it a curated note that you create just as an entry point to multiple Pathways and train of thoughts so I've created this one called baking and as you can see inside of the baking Hub there could be lots of um subtopics there could be Basics around ingredients and recipes and proportions it could be something about techniques you know from long fermentation to the way you cook your uh your bread the science behind it some popular Bakers some recipes there are lots of things that you can um that you can connect um to this card really one potential way of linking content could be in four directions so every time you have a piece of information you can connect to something which comes before this piece of information or maybe after so a more detailed or a less detailed uh view or you can connect to something similar that maybe will reinforce the point you want to make or the type of research you want to do or something opposite that goes as the name suggest in a completely uh different direction so there you have it again here um just as Luman would uh would do you can have several entry points and the overal principle of the zetel Casten is that once you do it for years so consistency as in many things in life is really key everyone these entry points could be the start of a completely new Journey exploring your own thoughts maybe something you've even forgotten about so one day you are interested in baking you come here today you decide you want to explore the science between the myard reaction so you click on this one you go to a further note talks about that and then you continue with that process until you're satisfied until you're happy and if you're not you just come back um Lumen himself who was very prolific was also very clear and very relaxed about those occasions where it wasn't able to follow a specific train of thought he very simply said sometimes I start using the zetel Casten I don't go where I want to I feel that I'm not motivated and I just drop it and I'll start again tomorrow so it was I think in a nutshell it was really so confident that the zel custom would give him enough um information and ideas to progress then even if he had had a bad day he knew that the following day it was going to be successful so you need to experiment with this thing Flex it um in a way that worse for you because Luman was doing exactly that he would take notes for himself and not generic notes that anyone could uh use and um and experiment with it and see how it got the only thing is that you need to stick with it maybe for a number of years because this before this thing becomes um so successful in useful as it was for Lumen but thankfully technology can do quite a lot for us and if you're looking for more ideas to use apple not to achieve much more in your life have a look at the channel have a look at these videos because I've posted quite a few interesting things that describe how you can use apple n not just to capture information but to actually do something with it for now though thank you very much for watching and see you soon