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Comprehensive Calculus 1 Lecture Notes

May 21, 2025

Calculus 1 | Math | Khan Academy Lecture Notes

Introduction

  • The course covers the major topics in Calculus 1.
  • Aimed to provide a rigorous understanding of the foundational concepts in calculus.

Course Structure

  1. Limits and Continuity

    • Introduction and estimation of limits from graphs and tables.
    • One-sided limits and their graphical behavior.
    • Techniques for approximating limits: tables, sums, differences, products, and quotients.
    • Composite functions and direct substitution methods.
    • Understanding limits of trigonometric and piecewise functions.
    • Strategy and techniques for finding limits, including the Squeeze Theorem.
    • Discontinuities and continuity over intervals, including removable discontinuities.
    • Limits at infinity and the Intermediate Value Theorem.
  2. Derivatives: Definition and Basic Rules

    • Understanding derivatives as the slope of a curve.
    • Secant lines and average rate of change.
    • Differentiability and estimation of derivatives.
    • Application of the power rule for different powers.
    • Fundamental derivative rules involving constant, sum, difference, and constant multiple.
    • Differentiation of polynomials and trigonometric functions.
    • Product and quotient rules, and derivatives of more complex trigonometric functions.
  3. Derivatives: Chain Rule and Advanced Topics

    • Identifying composite functions and applying the chain rule.
    • Implicit differentiation and differentiation of inverse functions.
    • Advanced differentiation strategies using multiple rules.
    • Second derivatives and logarithmic differentiation.
  4. Applications of Derivatives

    • Interpreting derivatives in various contexts, especially motion.
    • Solving related rates problems.
    • Approximation using local linearity.
    • Application of L'Hôpital's rule for indeterminate forms.
  5. Analyzing Functions

    • Applying the Mean Value Theorem and finding critical points.
    • Identifying intervals of increase/decrease and local/absolute extrema.
    • Understanding concavity and inflection points using the second derivative test.
    • Sketching curves and solving optimization problems.
  6. Integrals

    • Introduction to accumulation of change and Riemann sums.
    • Summation notation and defining integrals.
    • Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and interpreting accumulation functions.
    • Techniques for finding definite and indefinite integrals, including substitution.
  7. Differential Equations

    • Writing and verifying solutions to differential equations.
    • Sketching and reasoning with slope fields.
    • Solving separable differential equations and applying exponential models.
  8. Applications of Integrals

    • Calculating average values and solving motion problems through integrals.
    • Determining areas between curves and volumes using cross-sectional methods (disk and washer methods).

Additional Resources

  • Course challenges and quizzes are available for testing knowledge and skills learned.
  • Khan Academy provides a free world-class education with a wide range of courses.

Conclusion

  • This course serves as a comprehensive introduction to the foundational concepts of calculus, with applications spanning across various mathematical problems.