Knee Ligaments: Anatomy & Function

Overview

• Function: Hold bones together and stabilize the knee joint.
• Structure: Bands of soft tissue connecting the femur (thigh) to the tibia and fibula (lower leg bones).
• Vulnerability: Susceptible to damage despite being strong.

Types of Knee Ligaments

1. Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL):

   • Connects femur to tibia.
   • Wide and flat, stabilizes the inner knee.

2. Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL):

   • Connects femur to fibula.
   • Thinner and rounder, stabilizes the outer knee.

3. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL):

   • Connects femur to tibia at the front.
   • Most commonly injured.

4. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL):

   • Connects femur to tibia at the back.
   • Thicker and stronger, less commonly injured.

Purpose of Knee Ligaments

• Functions:
  • Stabilize knee when foot strikes a surface.
  • Connect thigh bone to lower leg bones.
  • Maintain proper bone position.
  • Prevent twisting or collapsing.
  • Stop unsafe/unusual knee movement.

Anatomy

• Location:
  • Collateral ligaments on knee sides: MCL (inner), LCL (outer).
  • Cruciate ligaments inside knee joint.
• Composition: Strong connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers.

Conditions & Disorders

• Injuries: Sprains or tears (complete ruptures).
  • Common Tears: ACL, LCL, MCL, PCL.
• Causes:
  • Force application on bent joints.
  • Hyperextension or unnatural twisting.

Diagnosis & Treatment

• Diagnosis:

  • Assess symptoms and movement.
  • Use X-rays and MRI for detailed imaging.

• Treatment Options:

  • RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation).
  • NSAIDs, assistive devices, immobilization.
  • Physical therapy or surgery.

Prevention

• Preventive Measures:
  • Understand sport-specific risks.
  • Exercise on level surfaces.
  • Maintain healthy weight.
  • Vary physical activities, warm-ups, and stretching.
  • Wear proper footwear and safety gear.

Additional Information

• Note: Proper diagnosis and treatment can prevent further injury.
• Cleveland Clinic Care: Provides comprehensive testing and treatment for knee injuries.

Reviewed

• Last medically reviewed on 12/03/2024.

Image Descriptions:

• Illustration of knee ligaments and provider overview of patient X-rays.