Ascites and Fluid Buildup in the Abdomen

Key Medical Terms

• Ascites: Medical term for fluid buildup in the abdomen.
• Cirrhosis: Scarring of the liver that can lead to ascites.
• Pleural Effusion: Fluid moving up into the space around the lungs.

Causes of Fluid Buildup

• Blood flows from the portal vein into the liver.
• When the liver hardens (like a sponge turning to rock):
  • Pressure builds in the portal vein.
  • Fluid leaks out, causing buildup in the belly and possibly around the lungs.

Symptoms and Complications

• Fluid buildup can be uncomfortable and make it hard to eat and breathe.
• Bacteria can grow in the fluid, leading to infection.
  • Symptoms of infection:
    • Fever
    • Sharp pain in the belly or chest
    • Nausea or vomiting
    • Urgent medical care needed if these symptoms appear.

Management and Treatment

• Dietary Adjustments:
  • Lower sodium intake to less than 2,000 milligrams per day.
• Medications:
  • Diuretics (water pills) to help eliminate excess fluid.
  • Regular blood tests and weight tracking to monitor health and adjust medication.
  • Report any side effects, such as dizziness, reduced urination, or rapid weight loss.

Procedures

• Paracentesis: Draining fluid from the belly using a needle.
• Thoracentesis: Draining fluid from around the lungs.
• Frequency:
  • Fluid might need to be drained once or regularly (every week or two).

Support and Resources

• Understand the psychological impact of a cirrhosis diagnosis.
• Healthcare team available for support and questions.
• Resources for more information:
  • cirrhosiscare.ca
  • myhealth.alberta.ca