Chapter 9 Study Guide

Ocean Zones

• Sunlight Zone
• Twilight Zone
• Midnight Zone
• Abyssal Plain
• Trenches

Key Facts

1. Where do most organisms live?
   • Most organisms live in the sunlight zone.
2. Deepest part of the ocean?
   • Ocean trenches are the deepest.

Marine Food Web

• Producers: Plankton are producers in marine food webs.

Intertidal Zone

• The intertidal zone is the part of the shore that is covered at high tide and exposed at low tides.

Bioluminescence

• Definition: When animals can make their own light.

Seafloor Features

• Extreme Environment: Large seamount and island chain
• Hawaiian Island: Volcano

Ocean Waves

• Surface Waves: Winds produce the most surface waves.

Ocean Exploration Technology

• Tools Used: Submersibles, Echolocation

Ocean Depth Changes

• Temperature and Pressure:
  • Decrease in temperature
  • Increase in pressure as you go deeper

Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems

• Overfishing
• Touching coral reefs
• Littering
• Pollution

Salinity

• Definition: Measure of how much salt is dissolved in water.

Tides

• Spring Tides:
  • Occur during the new moon and full moon.
  • Sun and Moon align, increasing tidal effects.
• Neap Tides:
  • Occur during the first and third quarter moon.
  • Gravitational forces partially cancel out, reducing tidal effects.

Seafloor Movements

• Landforms Created:
  • Mountains
  • Ridges
  • Trenches
  • Caused by movements pushing or pulling the ocean floor.

Density Currents

• Form due to differences in temperature and salinity, affecting water density.