Draft Academy C++ Course Notes

Introduction

Instructor: Mike
Course Overview: Learn core concepts of C++ programming.

Course Outline

Basics
- Setup C++ on your computer
- Install a text editor
- Write your first program
Core Concepts
- Variables
- Data types
- Loops
- Conditional statements (if statements)
- Functions
- Classes and Objects
Intermediate Concepts
- Arrays
- Pointers
- Inheritance
- Encapsulation
- Constructors
- Object Functions

Setup Instructions

Tools Required

Text Editor
- Recommendations: Notepad, CodeBlocks (IDE)
- CodeBlocks: Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for C++
C++ Compiler
- Translates C++ code to machine-readable language
- Installation tips on Windows, Linux, Mac

Programming Basics

Writing Your First Program

Example: Hello World #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Hello, World!" << endl; return 0; } ``

Variables

Variable types: ints, doubles, chars, strings
Example: string characterName; int characterAge;

User Input

Using cin for basic data types int age; cout << "Enter your age: "; cin >> age;
Using getline for strings string fullName; cout << "Enter your full name: "; getline(cin, fullName);

Basic Arithmetic

Example of adding two numbers int num1, num2, sum; cout << "Enter num1: "; cin >> num1; cout << "Enter num2: "; cin >> num2; sum = num1 + num2; cout << "Sum is: " << sum << endl;

Control Structures

If Statements if (condition) // code to execute else // alternate code
Switch Statements switch(expression) { case x: // code break; default: // code }
Loops
- While Loop while (condition) // code
- For Loop for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) // code
- Do-While Loop do { // code } while(condition);

Functions

Function Creation returnType functionName(parameters) { // code }
Example: Exponent Function int power(int baseNum, int powNum) { int result = 1; for (int i = 0; i < powNum; i++) result *= baseNum; return result; }

Arrays

Single and Multi-dimensional arrays int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; int grid[2][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
Iterating with loops for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) cout << numbers[i] << endl;

Pointers

Basics

Definition: Memory address variables
Example: int age = 30; int *pAge = &age;

Dereferencing Pointers

   cout << *pAge << endl; // Outputs 30

Pointers in Functions

   void swap(int *a, int *b) {
      int temp = *a;
      *a = *b;
      *b = temp;
   }

Classes and Objects

Introduction

Class Declaration class Book { public: string title; string author; int pages; };
Creating Objects Book book1; book1.title = "1984"; book1.author = "George Orwell"; book1.pages = 328;
Constructor Function class Book { public: string title; string author; int pages; Book(string aTitle, string anAuthor, int aPages) { title = aTitle; author = anAuthor; pages = aPages; } }; Book book1("1984", "George Orwell", 328);

Object Functions

   class Student {
      public:
        string name;
        double gpa;
        // Constructor
        Student(string aName, double aGPA) {
           name = aName;
           gpa = aGPA;
        }
        // Object function
        bool hasHonors() {
           if (gpa >= 3.5)
              return true;
           return false;
        }
   };
   Student student1("Mike", 3.7);
   cout << student1.hasHonors() << endl; // Outputs 1 (true)

Getters and Setters

Control access to class attributes class Movie { private: string rating; public: string title; string director; // Setter void setRating(string aRating) { if(aRating == "G" || aRating == "PG" || aRating == "PG-13" || aRating == "R") rating = aRating; else rating = "NR"; } // Getter string getRating() { return rating; } }; Movie avengers; avengers.setRating("PG-13"); cout << avengers.getRating(); // Outputs: PG-13

Inheritance

Enable one class to inherit attributes and methods of another class Chef { public: void makeChicken() { cout << "The chef makes chicken" << endl; } void makeSalad() { cout << "The chef makes salad" << endl; } }; class ItalianChef : public Chef { public: void makePasta() { cout << "The chef makes pasta" << endl; } }; ItalianChef ic; ic.makeChicken(); // Outputs: The chef makes chicken ic.makePasta(); // Outputs: The chef makes pasta

Comments

Single-line comments

   // This is a single-line comment
   cout << "Hello"; // Inline comment

Multi-line comments

   /*
   This is a multi-line comment
   Comments are useful for understanding code
   */