Transcript for:
Geography and Society in the Indian Himalayas

So hello everyone and good morning everyone, I hope my voice is coming properly, everyone will confirm once, confirm once all the things are proper or not, there is no issue in the voice and today we are going to have lecture number 15 okay I will go to the voice is strong, sir, what are you talking about, how strong is it, all the things are ok, voice is not coming, okay, good, confirm. Do it once, are all the things proper or not, is there any issue in the voice? And today we are going to have lecture number 15. Okay, so let's start. Okay, let us know that the Indian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate due to which the Himalayas were formed. Himalayas are not just one series of mountains but multiple series of mountains in which our Trans Himalayas, Great Himalayas, Lesser Himalayas and Shivaliks come, so these are different ranges of mountains. In which in Trans Himalaya we had read about Karakoram, Ladakh Zanskar In Karakoram, we had read about the group of glaciers, we had read about the Great Himalaya which is known as Himadri, okay, the Great Himalaya, Himadri, what will you find there only, one second, there are many high peaks like for example Mount Everest which is the highest peak in the world, you will get to see Mount Kanchenjunga in the Great Himalayas, which is India's highest peak is also where you will find it in the Great Himalayas. So, all the high peaks you will find are in the Great Himalayas, which we know as Himadri. I am not writing these details here because we have already read all these things. So, we know the Great Himalayas as Himadri, then we call them Inner Himalayas and just below the Great Himalayas and if we talk about the average height of the Great Himalayas, then how much is it quickly . We will tell you in the comments, as we read the average height of the Western Ghats is 1200 meters, that of the Eastern Ghats is 600 meters. Similarly, how much is it? It is 6000 meters. Let us talk about the average height. Okay, the average height of the Lesser Himalayas is 4000 meters and in between the Great and the Lesser, you get to see the Kashmir Valley. The Lesser Himalaya is also known as the Middle Himalaya or Himachal. And it has regional names like in Kashmir it is called Pir Panjal, in Himachal it is known as Dhauladhar Range, in Nepal it is known as Nagatibba, sorry, in Uttarakhand it is known as Nagatibba and if we talk about Nepal then it is known as Mahabharata Range and then we call it Lesser Himalaya and this is Shivalik, we also call Shivalik as Outer Himalaya and the longitudinal valley between Shivalik and the Lesser Himalaya. By what name do we know them? Tell me quickly, Mount Everest will be 8848 meters. Now Dhaulagiri, I told you if you remember, Dhauladhar is a mountain range. This mountain range is called Dhauladhar in Himachal i.e. Middle Himalayas in Himachal. But Dhaulagiri is the name of a peak. The name of a peak is Clear and its height will be 816 7 meters. Kame which is in Uttarakhand, it is of Uttarakhand. Highest peak is Kamit and if we talk about where it is, what will be its height, its height will be 7756 meters and if we talk about Annapurna, then it is situated in Nepal, Annapurna and its height will be 878 meters, okay, in the same way, you will keep in mind that if you ask the highest peak of India, then there is a lot of confusion about whether it will be Kanchenjunga or K2, will it be Kanchenjunga or will it be K2. Keep in mind that only Kanchenjunga will be considered because K2 is in PoK, it is fine in Park Occupied Kashmir, hence it is a bit disputed. If we talk about Kanchenjunga, then there are some festivals in Sikkim and there are also some dances like Lipcher Tri performs Chu Phat dance, one is fine, this Kanchenjunga which is God is worshiped there in the form of God in the name of Pa, so perform for them. This particular dance is performed as Juf which is held in Sikkim. Tell me quickly about the festivals of Sikkim. What I told you is that if we talk about the height of k2 then it is 8611 meters. Okay and if we talk overall then it is the second highest peak of the world after Mount Everest. After Mount Everest, this is your second highest peak. Keep this thing in mind and if we talk about the festivals of Sikkim then Losang Lochar is a loser, right? Fung Lapsol Fung Lapsol Fung Lapsol Okay, this much is clear, it is the first highest peak in the world, Mount Everest is the second highest peak, you say 8611 meter, do you know Kanchenjunga? 8598 meters, this is the height of Kanchenjunga and is the fourth highest peak. If you ask, this is the fourth highest peak in Tibet. This is Mount Lothse. This is your Mount Lothse whose height is 8516 meters. Okay, 8516 meters is its height. This is the thing that you have to keep in mind and some of them here you can recall. Otherwise, we have seen Kamet in Uttarakhand and there is another Nanda Devi in ​​Uttarakhand. Okay, Nanda Devi. Keep in mind that Nanda Devi is the highest peak here in Uttarakhand with the height of Keep in mind that Kameth's was 7756 meters and it is even more than this, its Nanda Devi's order is 7816 meters. The correct answer would be option number C. I think, if you also knew about Mount Everest, then this question could have been easily answered because first's B is in only one option, the rest are not there in the options. Even if you did not know the height of the rest, you should also know about Mount Everest because it is the highest peak in the world. Still, you could have answered this question, right? But still remember a little friend, because it is not always the case that if you know one, then the rest will be eliminated, so keep this in mind for the rest as well. Which water body does several Himalayan tributes like Shok, Gilget, Shigar, Gasting Dras, meet and Finally emerges from the hills near Attock where it receives the Kabul River and the question I asked here is which is the longitudinal valley between Lesser and Shivalik? Doon is there and the largest Doon is Dehradun, there are many more Doons, Kotli Doon, Patli Doon, this too, which river are we talking about here, where there is Shok, Gilgate, Shigar, Gasting and Dras. These meet and finally they emerge from Attock, so actually this is your Indus River System, Brahmaputra River System, we have already studied it completely and we had not seen anything like this there, what were the things we had read about in Brahmaputra, where does it originate from, so there is a place near Kailash Mansarovar, Angsi Glacier or Chama Yugdung Glacier, Yarlung Tsangpo originates from there . The name is or in short Sangpo and then after that a second then what is after that it makes a U-turn from Namcha Barwa and it enters Arunachal Pradesh okay you know it makes a U-turn from Namcha Barwa Namcha enters in the Arunachal where it is known as Siang or earlier it is known as Siang then it is known as Dihang okay then after that it enters South here in Assam It forms Majuli Island, which is the largest ever island in the world. After that, after taking a south turn, where it dies, i.e. where does it die in Dubri? Dubri place is in Assam and after taking a south turn, it enters Bangladesh, where it is known as Jamuna. Then we saw its tributary, Dibang Lohit Dhansari, here is your Subansari, Coming Teesta Manas, all this joins it from above. If yes, then we have read the Brahmaputra River System completely. Godavari and Mahanadi. Now we do not have to read the Indus River System. This is the correct answer. Let us understand completely about the Indus River System. The Indus River also originates nearby from where the Brahmaputra originates, that is, Kailash Mansaro originates from near Kailash Mansarovar, but its glacier is different. Which glacier is this glacier? Bhokharchu originates from this glacier and after coming out, it is fine, it is Demchak, which is located in Ladakh, from there it enters Leh. Leh is the only city that is located on the banks of Indus River. I am talking about an Indian city. Actually, Indus is the national river of Pakistan and there are many cities located on the banks of Indus River. Leh is fine. We are talking about India. Enters and then after this it goes to Pakistan where it is also your national river, like India's Ganga, Pakistan's Indus, now we classify the tributaries into two parts, I think I did not tell this in the Brahmaputra section, yesterday we were also discussing in the IRS session, left bank tributary and right bank tributary. This is how we decide on which side the flow of the river is and its basis. Let's decide, for example, Indus is flowing like this, then if you keep your face towards Indus, you will understand that it will be your left or right, that is, the ones joining Indus from above will be its right bank tributaries and the ones joining from below will be its left bank tributaries. Okay, so keep in mind that its left bank tributaries are more important. As Pay Compares to Right Bank Tributary Whatever is written here Shok Gilgit Shigar Grasting Drass, all this is its right bank tributary if you see, but generally the question that is formed is from the left bank tributary, Shayok is yours, here you are able to see this, it is Shayok, okay, so this is Shayok, from here it joins Gilgit which is Gilgit Baltistan region from there in PoK, then after this you will be able to see Kabul. It is Kurram, it is Tochi, it is Gomal, now a question was also raised on which of these is a tributary of Indus River which does not originate from the Himalayas. In this way, some question was raised. If you are okay, then you will take care of Gomal. The rest of your grief originates from Siachen Glacier, so these will be the above i.e. your right bank tributaries which are not that much important. Let us come to the below one. Below here, a small river joins, which is known as Jaskaar, it is written here, see Jaskaar, but again it is not that important, the important rivers are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi Beas and Sutlej, okay, we call these five collectively, what is called Panchanad, Jhelum Chenab, Ravi Beas, Sutlej is called Panchanad, clearly, now we should know about them in detail About which Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Beas and Sutlej, okay, so let's know here, first of all, here I will write one by one, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej, if we talk about Jhelum, then first of all we should know the point of origin of all, after that we should know what is their name in the Vedas i.e. Rigveda. Okay, so if we talk about Jhelum here, then Jhelum originates from Verinak, Chenab. It originates from Bara Lachla Pass, which is Bara Lachla Pass. Bara Lachla Pass is fine. Both Ravi and Beas originate from the same place and that is Rohtang Pass. Rohtang Pass is fine. If we talk about Sutlej, then it originates from your Rakas Tal and falls at a place. Rakas Tal is here, your Kailash Manas Sarovar falls here. Look a little below from here, you can see the point, this is Rakas Tal itself. Sutlej river is coming out from here, okay clear, now first let us know what is its name, what is its name in the Vedas, then you have to take care of Jhelum, it is Vitasta, it is also known by the name of Vyadha, okay, if we talk about Chenab, then its name is Askini, we will talk about Ravi, Purushni is Bipasha of Beas, Sutlej is Shutudri, now some extra facts about Jhelum river, keep in mind that it meanders in the youthful stage. Have I just taught you Mian etc. or not ? Meandering takes place only in the youthful stage. Actually, Mian means when the river moves like a snake. It is okay to have such a type of Matak-Matak, then it is called Mian of River. Now, what is Meandering, this is a feature which we get to see either in the mature stage or in the old stage, but Jhelum does Mian in its youthful stage only. It is okay. Jhelum is Jhelum, Jhelum is what it is. Well, now when we read the lakes etc., if not there, then now you can do that, you can write that the water that we get from Wular Lake is actually Jhelum and Wular Lake. You know, it is the largest fresh water lake of India. Okay, yes no, all this is not understood. Yes, some say, some say no. How can it be so? Yes, Chenab Ravi Beas, Sutlej, Sutlej . Regarding this, keep in mind that it enters India from Shipkila Pass, so it enters India from Shipkila Pass. If you ask which of these is a trans boundary river, then keep in mind that this is your trans boundary river. Clear, what is the meaning of trans boundary river and here you may be seeing something else as trans boundary. Trans boundary means that which flows in the boundary. It should flow between the boundary of two countries. Here you must be seeing that Jhelum is like this but it is not a trans boundary. Keep in mind that a question has also come on this. Ah, brother, in this I mean which trans boundary river is it? It is the Tributary of Indus but Jhelum here you must be seeing that it is a trans boundary river like this but it is not Jhelum. Take care of this thing, okay, Chenab, take care, okay. And here a question also arises that where do these five rivers collectively meet the Indus, then you would be able to see here that they meet here at the place named Mithankot. One more thing, I had told you in the last lecture that was, what is a pressure, okay, I thought I had taught you that a pressure is a pressure. The region between two rivers is called a pressure. I am like this from you Asks, what is the pressure between Jhelum and Chenab? Chenab pressure between Ravi, Ravi, the pressure between Beas and the pressure between Beas and Sutlej, by what name do you know it? Keep in mind, the one that is formed between Jhelum and Chenab is called Chhaj pressure, it is correct Chhaj pressure, the pressure between Chenab and Ravi is known as Rechana pressure, meaning is very easy, Ra and If we take it then Rechana Dam became Ravi and if we talk about Bari Ah Beas, then Bari Dam is fine and this will become your Bisht Dam. Okay and here we also take Indus Water Treaty . If we talk about Indus Water Treaty, then Indus Water Treaty was signed in 1960. It was signed in 1960. It was signed in 1960. Now India is between India and Pakistan. In the middle of Pakistan, as I just told you, the river that flows in the boundary is Ravi, but but but but you know that all the rivers are almost going from India, I write here, it is correct that Ravi is a trans-boundary river, trans-boundary river between India and Pakistan, but this is the Indus Water Treaty, all these six rivers of ours are six meaning Indus and those below are the five big tributaries which are known as Panchanad. It is said that and in fact, Punjab is also named after them because of the name of Panchnad. It is true that there was a treaty regarding their water sharing in 1960 in which Indus should be kept in mind. Now in the CDS exam, a question was asked that which are Western Tributaries and which are Eastern Rivers. So Indus Jhelum and Chenab, we call them Western Rivers. 20% of their water will be used by India. Because all the rivers are going from India and 80% of them will be used by Pakistan and those which are Eastern Rivers i.e. Ravi Beas and Sutlej below Indus Jhelum Chenab, if we talk about them then these are Eastern Rivers, 20% of them will be used by Pakistan and 80% will be used by India. It is clear that we have just built Shahpur Kandi Barrage on Ravi River in Punjab, because till now we were not utilizing 80% of it but. Now we have built Shahpur Kandi Barrage but Pakistan cannot say anything about it, why did you build it because according to this treaty, Indus Water Treaty, whose mediator was the World Bank, so according to it, we can use 88% water, so the World Bank was its mediator. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, went from India's side and Mohammad Ayub Khan, the first President of that country, went from Pakistan's side, so it is okay. Option number C will be the correct answer to this question Mithankot Keep in mind where these five rivers meet the Indus here and where they drain their water, so what is on this side, you know it has come this way, Indus, so what is here, is the Arabian Sea, so it drains its water in the Arabian Sea, it is clear, let's move ahead and the next question is what is maintained by subsistence? Agriculture, what is GV co-earning? What is GV co-earning? What is meant by agriculture? Are there options? Is your agricultural output sufficient for the country? Ayu Khan, everyone is right, Sir, is the Supreme Court bigger or the President? Brother, it is not like this Supreme Court is big, it is like comparing apples and oranges. You can compare the Supreme Court and the High Court. It is okay, President, Vice President, Governor. Compare it, but as a matter of fact, there is no comparison between the Supreme Court and the President. What is meant by subsistence agriculture? Look at all, there are different types of agriculture, so if we talk, there is one, commercial agriculture like yours, we can say plantation is fine, organic farming is also available, zbnf is also available, zbnf is also there, zero budget natural farming, hydroponics is also available. So in actual, does commercial mean that the agriculture is done only for the purpose of selling, the produce has to be sold, the produce has to be sold, like for example, you have done farming, whom do you assume you have cultivated, you have grown tomatoes, okay, then you assume that brother, he has planted the entire tomato in four bigha, so it does not mean that the amount of tomato planted in four-five bigha is for his own consumption. It is obvious that you are planting it to sell it. Plantation also happens in a similar way but what happens in plantation is not that a single crop is grown in a large part of the area, in a large part of the area a single crop is grown, like for example jute cultivation was done, like cotton cultivation was done again. We will not eat it, we will not use jute or cotton or even use it for our own use, but what happens is that we grow only one crop in a large part of land, that is plantation, there also the purpose is to sell, it is organic, where we use organic methods, like for example, if we have to add fertilizer, then we will not add urea in it, it is possible that we can use cow. We will use the dung which is cow dung etc. by making it compost. What is there in zbnf? It is more organic than organic. Meaning organic, you know that where things have been grown naturally, no such chemical pesticides or fertilizers have been used anywhere. Nothing has been used here, nothing has been used, it has been grown in a natural way, neither have we used cow dung. If we have not put anything then there is zero budget i.e. nothing has been invested in it. It is hydroponics where instead of using soil, we use water. Instead of soil, water is used to grow crops. That is called hydroponics. Okay, so if we talk about it here, then the correct answer will be subsistence, yes subsistence. I did not mention it intentionally. It is written here because subsistence means when you grow your own crops. For example, you have some piece of land next to your house, there is a part of land, you have done some farming there, okay that is called as subsistence agriculture, so agriculture produces primarily for themselves, when you are doing agriculture, that is subsistence. Now what is intensive subsistence? Intensive means intensive subsistence . Subsistence farming is done and this is intensive subsistence farming. Okay, intensive subsistence farming means where when you do agriculture in a very small part of land, you do cultivation in a very small part of land, that is, you are extracting a lot of productivity from it. This is done in those countries where land is less and population is more like for example India, for example Indonesia, Japan, more so in Japan. It will not happen because the population there is less, the population in Canada is not that much, the land area is very large, so it will not happen there too. Okay, this question was once asked in CDS in this way, that is why I am telling you that intensive means where you are very well and if you ask about primitive subsistence, then what happens if you ask what is primitive subsistence, then what is primitive subsistence? Where you use primitive tools, primitive means very old tools like hoof, spade, sickle, all these sickles, you understand it right, what is called sickle, sickle is called sickle in English, okay, then this sickle is used primitive tools, so if you do agriculture by using primitive tools, that is called as primitive subsistence agriculture. Intensive is where the keyword intensive means that you are doing intensive, that is, you are growing a lot of things in a very small part of the land, okay, there are others like alternate cropping, you are right, terrace farming is terrace, so I have told you when I told you soil conservation technique, in soil conservation technique, we had seen a shelter belt where the wind blows very strong, then there is a growth of such trees there. A belt is applied that is called a shelter belt so that the velocity of the wind gets reduced. Mulching is done in mulching where you keep the crop residue on top of the soil so that its moisture is retained and then contour bending. Where like this, if there is a gradient somewhere, then you do contour bending so that if there is water, then the top cell does not get eroded. Such things are used, okay, so there I told you about terrace farming, how do you make such terraces in hilly areas and do farming on the same land, which becomes steps type, your alternate, which is alternate farming, okay in alternate farming, it happens like, for example, you have grown one crop here and then another crop here in the same field of the same field, in the same part of the land, you have grown one crop. Then the second crop, in this way you grow it alternatively, so that is as if it is accepted that the second one needs shade and it is very tall, this crop will do very well, if it is tall then it will provide shade to it, if it is tall then it will provide shade, so in this way the alternative farming is practiced, it is clear. Now moving on towards the next question and that is how many days of absence from Parliament without permission will a member of Parliament be disqualified, that is, for how many days, if someone does not come to Parliament without permission, he will be disqualified. The options in front of you are 60 days, 30 days and 50 days or 20 days. Tell me, what will be the correct answer here? 60 days option number A will be the correct answer and what is written about disqualification etc. If we talk about disqualification, keep in mind that disqualification is mentioned in the article number 102 of the Indian Constitution, which is article number 102, it is written in it about disqualification and if we talk about disqualification, then on what grounds does it happen? If someone holds the office of Parliament, holds the office of profit, then it is okay. If someone is of unsound mind, that is, he becomes a mad type, then it is okay to have an unsound mind. If someone becomes undischarged solvent, it is okay to become bankrupt, that is, you are not able to repay the loan you had taken from the bank. You are not a citizen of India, okay, not a citizen of India. And the fifth thing is written. That is, if your disqualification happens under any other law, because these things are written in the Constitution, but if any Parliament makes any further law, you can be disqualified under that also, like the Parliament has made a Representation of People's Act 1951, then in that also you have mentioned some grounds that if someone stays in jail for two or more years, then only he will be disqualified to be chosen as The Member of Parliament, so this is the thing. Well, yesterday we were discussing one thing in the IRS when I had said that I will tell you in tomorrow's lecture and that is disqualification with respect to defection. Disqualification with respect to defection. What is defection? What is defection? So what is it? Let us revise it quickly. First , it is written about the appointment of the Prime Minister. Appointments will be made by the President and appointments of other ministers will also be made by the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The second clause in this clause states that it means that they are individually responsible towards the President and the third clause states that they will serve till the pleasure of the President. I am not writing about collective responsibility because we have already done it. It is collective responsibility. Towards the Lower House and Lower House is no other than the Lok Sabha and when was the first session and the first meeting of the Lok Sabha. Please comment and tell us. In the fourth part, it is written that oath is written. In the fifth part, it is written that if someone can be a minister for 6 months, that is, without being a member of any house, for a maximum. Period of six months: You will have to take membership within six months, otherwise your seat will be lost or you will not be called an MP. And in the sixth, it is written that all the salary allowances that will come to you will come according to the second schedule. You know, it is written in the second schedule that Tears of Old PM, T means Territory, not Union and Territory and E means Emolument. If there is allowance, then there is amelioration in the second schedule. In the third, you know that the first session of Lok Sabha was held on 17th April, 1952. We will talk about the first meeting of not only Lok Sabha but also of Rajya Sabha was held on 13th May, 1952. Now this is the clause one of 75 in 1952. In this clause one, a sub clause was added in this clause one. Added A which is fine, it was added through 91 amendment and a was added B is fine again through 91 amendment, now it is written in 75 clause one sub clause A that what can be the maximum strength of the Council of Ministers, what can be the maximum limit of the Council of Ministers, now it is not like this, Modi won, it is fine, now what happens many times when a coalition government is formed like it was formed this time, you know. If a coalition government is formed at the Centre, then what happens in that case is that those who are part of the coalition also say that we also want the post of minister, those who are from our party also want the post of minister, then in the process of giving the post of minister, this should never happen in the case of a coalition government that they have appointed many ministers , created different useless ministries and made ministers, then what is the maximum done by the 91st amendment to put a cap on this thing. Strength decided and that This is 15% of the Lower House that is the Lok Sabha i.e. your Council Officers cannot be more than 15% of the membership of the Lok Sabha and this is Clause B in which it is said that if a Minister is disqualified on the ground of defection, then he will also be disqualified from the post of Minister. This is written in it. Now when we talk about defections, it is mentioned in the 10th Schedule of Anti Defection Law and Actually , this 10th schedule was added by the 5th amendment itself. Now when we talk about who decides the disqualification, the one who decides the disqualification is done by our President. Disqualification is decided by the President but remember disqualification with respect to defect is decided by it. It is decided by the Speaker of Lok Sabha. Okay, that is, the Presiding Officer in a way. The presiding officer will decide whether someone is disqualified on the ground of defect or not. Okay, in that case the decision of the Speaker of Lok Sabha will be final. Then the question came whether it is subject to judicial review, can it do judicial review on it? So earlier it was that no, no, judicial review cannot be done but that's the case in Holohan vs Jachilu case. In Holohan vs. Jachilu case, the Supreme Court said, yes it is subject to judicial review, okay, so this thing you have to keep in mind, you should be clear that no one has any doubt here, Sir, this thing is absolutely there in it, if someone remains absent for 60 days, this is not in 102, it is a disqualification in 102, this thing is in 1001, I have taught you this in 1001 101 100 In 100, we have read 100 clause one, clause three, 100 clause one, voting is in the house, 100 clause three, there is quorum in the house, it is written in 1001, it is written in 10001 that if any MP remains absent, it is okay for 60 days, then his seat will become vacant and in which seats the seats are vacant, I told you that if any uh, your two houses i.e. If you become a member of both the Houses of our Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in the Parliament, or if you become a member of both the Parliament and the State Legislature, then in that case also your seat can become vacant, then the vacancy of the seat is written in the article number 1001, it is clear, it is clear, let's go till now, so let's move ahead and the next question is the fifth, the first star of sing of the of the House allotted for Asking Sir session, we get it. Didn't figure it out, please tell me for the next time, it happens on Sunday. I think again I forgot to share the link in 3.0. No one, I will share the ACS recording with you. What is the first hour called? Censor Motion, Zero Hour, Privilege Motion or Question Hour, which is when parliamentary proceedings start. Just like when we used to go to school, school used to start from 8:00 in the morning, right? Whenever it is from 9:00 am, it is starting from 9:00 am, in the same way, the proceedings of our Parliament start from 11:00 am, Parliamentary proceedings start from 11:00 am, and the first hour is from 11:00 am to 12:00 PM, this is called as Question Hour, then after this The time between 12 pm to 1 pm is called as zero or zero period, then after this, the break is over, these people then go to the canteen, they have a lot of fun, then they come after that and then they comfortably kill the son-in-law, then if we talk about question R, then it is okay and you know, like what I just said, if the parliamentarians hear this and if they get angry, okay, do you know that I have said this? It is okay that they have violated their parliamentary privilege and what can happen in such a case is that the presiding officer is okay, he will call me and maybe he will punish me and maybe he will give me jail. The presiding officer who gives jail sentence, that dungeon is in the Parliament building only, as far as I know because such a case had happened in the Legislative Assembly of our UP, many years ago, many years ago. BJP leaders were beaten up in Kanpur. There was an IPS officer and some of his subordinates were his officers, meaning it happened many years ago, I don't know exactly, but yes, 10 years, that is, the incident when he got punished, I just thought it must be 2 years old, 2 years ago, it is okay, but the incident that happened for which he was punished, it happened 10, 15 years ago, at least 10 years ago, as far as I remember, it is okay. So let's go to that case now and then what is Satish supposed to be? He called the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, everyone was made to stand in the dock, a separate dock was made, okay, you may not know about it, many people must have seen it, all the people were called in the dock and they were told that they will stay here for one or two days, they will be kept locked up, they are IPS officers who are their subordinates, so it happens that if someone violates the parliamentary privilege, then it is okay by the Parliamentarian. If we talk about privilege, then the articles which deal with it are 105 and 122. In 122, I told you that in 120, the languages ​​are given in Hindi and English. In 121, it is written that the proceedings of the court cannot be discussed in the Parliament. And in 122, it is written that the proceedings of the Parliament cannot be discussed in the court. Okay, and in article number 105. These general members of Parliament have the freedom that they can say anything, do anything, they will not be held accountable for it, keep in mind, okay, clear, yes sir, what will happen to our PY series, yes, the classes will be live from jail, sir, there is an atmosphere of fear, yes, you will enjoy it, sir, you can take classes from there, okay, yes, so many of you guys, it is not that how will you save taxes, neither will I enjoy from there, nor will I enjoy taking classes from there, so now I am asking the questions which Those questions are asked, the questions that are asked are of four types, one is start, one is unstarted, one is short notice and one is what is asked to your private member. Well, who is this private member? So keep in mind in the Parliament, the one who is not a minister is a private member. I write here that private member is the one who is not a minister, it is simple. As that private member is a member, I am not a minister, or as a member of Parliament, I am not a minister, for example, you should not understand that those who are in opposition are private members, the government ones are private, your public members are not private members, it is not so, as for example, there will be many people from the government like BJP who did not get any portfolio. That is, he is not a minister, he is neither a cabinet minister, nor is he a minister of state, nor has he got any independent charge, there is nothing, in that case he will also be called a private member. Do you understand that these are the three types of questions, these are asked to the ministers, this is okay, this is asked to the minister and this is asked to the private member, the specialty of this question is that whatever will be asked, it will be marked with a star, okay and This answer has to be given orally, it has to be answered not in written form, then the supplementary things in it can be followed, supplementary could follow, okay, supplementary could follow, now as if for example, I asked you brother, tell me what is your name, you said, my name is Aman, okay, then I will keep asking you counter questions orally, but what is this, it unstarts? There is no star in it, there is no star in it and it has to be given in the retainer, it is okay, it has to be given in the written because it has to be given in the retainer, so in this, supplementary could not follow is okay, just write in short here, just couldn't follow, rest of the people who are making notes will take care that they will write in full, it is okay, supplementary could not follow and the short notice question, it is okay for 10 days, short notice of 10 days is given. It goes first, short period means 10 days in advance, you are asked, that is, whoever has to ask the question will be informed, will give notice, only then will the question be asked and this is your question which is asked from the private member, after that, just i.e. from 11:00 to 12, there is question hour and from 12 onwards, there is a zero hour and in zero hour, I write here, okay, zero hour. In the agenda of the day, it is decided that when we meet after the break, after lunch, then what will we discuss? If the agenda of the day is decided, then this is the thing that you have to keep in mind in your zero hour. It is clear that the censor motion is clear. I am not telling you now because to deal with the censor motion, I will also have to tell you about the no confidence motion. Which article of the Constitution mentions about the Right of the Governor to address and to send messages to the House of the State Legislature Which article of the Indian Constitution mentions the right of the Governor to address and send messages to the House of the State Legislature 171 75 72 or 176 See as I already told you, there is no separate article for the State Legislature. You have to remember the Parliament and what you have to do in it is either you have to add 89 or you have to add 90. From 79 till 11 Ah Two is fine or till 111 it is fine or you keep 112 only till this point you will add 89 and after that 112 onwards is fine you will add 90 till 123 is fine you have to add 90. So for example, here it is asking which article gives the power to the Governor to send any message in the House, so we know that article number 86 gives the same power to the President that he can send any message in the Parliament, okay, add 89, 9 6 15 8 16 1 175, the answer will be option number B, similarly, article number 87. It happens that it talks about a special address. 87 talks about an address. If you have seen it, the Governor can address. It means 86 talks about the President who can address the Parliament. But 87 talks about a special address. Then again, if he talks about the special address of the Governor, then again add 89 and you will get 176. You will get this special address which is why this motion is given to him. A vote of thanks is said and this motion of thanks has to be passed by the Parliament. Special address is given when it is given by the President. So it is given when it is the first session of the year. First session, first session of each year and first session after each generation. First session after each general election. After each general election, this is what we call it. What do we call it? Motion of Thanks is okay. And it has to be passed. Here the President tells about the policies etc. of the government. It is okay in the Parliament. And now that there has been talk of 86 and there has been talk of 87, then why not talk about 88 too. 88 let's talk about right off. Right off or rights of Ministers and Attorney General. Here it is a matter of whose rights and what kind of rights the Attorney General has. It is being talked about that they have the right to participate in parliamentary proceedings, they can speak, but remember the right to vote, they can vote only in the house of which they are a member. For example, I am a member of the Lok Sabha, I can go to the Rajya Sabha, I can sit in the proceedings there, I can participate in the proceedings, I can speak, but I cannot vote. I can do it only in the Lok Sabha, okay and vice versa. Now if we talk about the Attorney General, he is not a member of any house, so he can participate in both the houses, he can speak, but he cannot vote in any house because he is not a member of any house. Similarly, if we ask you in which article the Right of Ministers and Advocate General with respect to the State Legislature will be there, tell me quickly. From in which year was the battle of Buxar photo So in which year was the battle of Buxar fought 1793 1777 1764 or 1757 So I hope you have remembered all the battles Slowly and gradually Anglo Maratha Sikh Carnatic Mysore Ok so in the last lecture we had studied and simply add 89 to it then it will come from 17 Ok so in the last lecture we studied When we talk about the Battle of Plassey, it is one of two battles which led the foundation of British Empire in India, because I told you the reasons for it, because Bengal was captured in a way, their Battle of Plassey and Bengal was a very important province, okay, a lot of tax collection was done from here, the Battle of Plassey took place in 1757, I also gave you the complete background of how it happened. And that was that earlier I told you who was the first Nawab here, okay who was the first Nawab here, whose original name was Suryanarayan Mishra, tell me quickly, he became the first Nawab of Bengal, after him Ali Vardi means not just after that, after a long time, Ali Vardi Khan came and Ali Vardi Khan's grandson came Siraj-ud-Daula, then the Black Hole Tragedy happened in which William is Fort William, many people and many Englishmen died there. Because Siraj-ud-Daula locked him in a dungeon, Robert Clive, who was the governor of the East India Company at that time, got angry, so what did he do when he got angry? He took Mir Jafar, the military commander of Siraj-ud-Daula, on his side and lured him that as soon as you help us, because Siraj-ud-Daula was very young, okay, Murshid Quli Khan. Keep in mind, Murshid Quli Khan is fine, Sahadat Khan Branal was from the country of Awadh, I told you he was from here. And who was Nizamul Mulk Asaf of Hyderabad? Well, Mir Jafar's age was very high and Siraj-ud-Daula's was very young, so Mir Jafar also wanted to become Mir Jafar went on the side of East India Company and Siraj-ud-Daula was killed in Plassey and from here the East India Company won. What is Mir Jafar too, didn't he gradually want independence? He was getting the opportunity to work under the British, so then When the British sensed this thing, Mir Qasim, the son-in-law of Mir Jafar, made him the Nawab and said, 'Brother, don't create too much trouble for us, keep doing whatever we told you comfortably. Mir Qasim first said yes, but Mir Qasim will also have to be independent. So what did Mir Qasim do? Mir Qasim made an alliance with whom he made an alliance. If he met with whom, then the Nawab of Awadh at that time. His name was Siraj-ud-Daula, not Shuja-ud-Daula, ok, Shuja-ud-Daula, you will remember and the Mughal ruler of that time, it was a big thing in itself that now the Mughals are also protesting against the East India Company and its name was Shah Alam Second. Remember, when the battle of Plassey took place, who was it? Tell me quickly, who used to be at that time? At that time, it was Alamgir Di Second. Who is now Shah Alamri Second? These three fought against the East India Company. Under the leadership of Hector Munro, Hector Munro was leading the East India Company in the Battle of Buxar . Clive was leading the East India Company in the Battle of Buxar. Clive was leading the East India Company in the Battle of Buxar. In Plassey, it was Buxar in 64. You know, many of the people from Bihar were also from Buxar because I have received a lot of calls from the selected students. Sir, we are from Buxar, which you If we teach, then option C will be the correct answer here. Now what was its after math? Its after math was Allahabad Treaty. Now what better opportunity will the British get than this that they have given us the best opportunity in India which we can say is the one who has been ruling for the last 200 years, meaning they have been ruling for so many years, so they were the Mughals. Now if you look at us, after the first battle of Panipat in 1526, we You know, the foundation of the Mughals was laid and now you can see that more than 200 years have passed, so those who have been ruling the whole of India for 200 years have been defeated, so there cannot be a bigger opportunity than this, so what did they do now, they did this, they did this, they signed two treaties, there were two treaties inside the Allahabad Treaty, first sign one, then write Shalam Two. The one who was the Mughal ruler was with him or first write about Shuja-ud-Daula. Okay, Suja -ud-Daula said to him that son, you can clearly see the treatment of Kara, which is the district of Kara and one was Allahabad. It is okay because brother, he was not from Awadh, nor was the Nawab of Allahabad. These two districts are ceded to him, which means give it to the Mughal ruler of that time. First it was given to Shah Alam II and whoever used to fight this war used to grab war indemnity from him that brother, look, we did not say anything, you were the one who was in trouble for fighting the war, so give us the money, you caused our loss in the war, give us money in the war, you are fine, you used to collect this and the second sign, now Shah Alam II made their scissors and Balban made whose scissors, tell me quickly, so I told Shah Alam II that you grant us a rights, okay. Or in this way I write Granted Granted Rights to Granted East India Company Dawani Diwani Rights of Bengal Bihar and Orissa That means Give us the Diwani Rights in Bengal Bihar and Orissa Take it means he will have to forcefully give it to him What is the meaning of Diwani Right to collect the revenue Right to collect the revenue that is Diwani Ok and took the power to collect tax is ok which means in a way he is the same Diwani The rights are the same, collect revenue, then they took the power to collect taxes, okay, on whose behalf, on the Mughal's behalf, now they will collect the taxes from here and it is believed that dual control started in a way, where in Bengal, where they took the civil rights, but the Nizamat functions, i.e. police etc., they kept it with the Mughals, you see all this, we will see the money, who started this dual government ? Who started it and to whom does Clive get the credit? Because the Treaty of Allahabad was signed by Robert Clive and Hector Munro led the British forces, but the Governor at that time was Clive of the East India Company, so it was Clive who actually got the treaty signed, so the credit goes to Clive. Clive started it to start dual control in Bengal. Well, this treaty takes place in 1765, just next year after the Battle of Buxar and here it was ended, it was ended in 1772 by Warren Hastings in 1772. Then if you ask sir, what happened to Qasim, then there is no trace of Qasim, he ran away, it is believed that once means by the way, a A dead body was found in a hut type, okay and then it was believed that it was Mir Qasim. Mir Qasim then escaped and died somewhere secretly. Finally, he died in 1764. Option number C would be the correct answer here. It is clear that I had given a statement and you know that in 1760 you know the Battle of Vandi Wash also took place and in 1763 the Treaty of Paris was signed. After Third Anglo war and the French were defeated, so now there was no one left in front of the British and from here itself the complete rule had started. It is clear to the British and when did Farooq Siyar issue the order. Will you tell me sir, what are scissors? What are scissors, it is like a human being, it is okay, he is not agreeing, he is jumping too much, so what to do with him, some people are told to hold it, you are fine and you are understanding its legs a little. Spread its legs and then it is made to dance. This is a scissor. Let's start, meaning the eighth question is who was the first social. So the scissor was made by Tughril Beg, who was the Governor of Bengal and was opposing Balban. So Tughril Beg was the first social reformer to view modern education as a vehicle for the spread of modern ideas in the country. So modern education was introduced in the country. Who were the first good social reformers to see modern ideas as a means of spreading modern ideas? Who were the first? Who were the first? Almost all the people. If we look at all four of these options, but who was the first to be known as Father of Indian Independence? Raja Rammohan Roy is known as Father of Indian Renaissance. If spoken in Hindi, then Father of Indian Renaissance is said to be the title of Raja which is given by Akbar the Second. Raja Rammohan Roy is known to have abolished Sati. To get it done, the Governor General at that time in 1830 was William Bentinck. If we talk about Raja Rammohan Roy, then some of his writings are Samvat Kamadi. If we talk about his books and magazines, then Samvat Kamadi is fine. Samvat Kamodi Mirratul Akhbar Mirat ul Akhbar is fine. Akhbar Percepts of Jesus Percepts of Jesus Gift to Monotheism Monotheism is when you worship only one God. Yes, that is called as monotheism and these people used to promote monotheism a lot, all our reformers were fine, especially Raja Rammohan Roy, but yes, Swami Vivekananda did not promote monotheism and he was also against idol worship. Raja Rammohan Roy, but Swami Vivekananda himself used to sit in front of idols and meditate in front of idols, so these are a lot of differences. Okay, so this is one more thing between these two people. Mirratul Afkar, I told you it is okay, he started it for the Pasi community, Mirratul Akbar Den, if we talk then only converted Vedas in English are fine and fine, keep this thing in mind, what else do you have to keep in mind, you are the one who also founded Vedanta, it is okay, he founded Vedanta, founded it, Raja Rammohan Roy, founded Atmiya Sabha, formed Atmiya Sabha in 1815. At some places you will also see 1814, okay 1815 or even 1814, you can also see Den. After that, if we talk about the establishment of Brahmo Samaj in 1829, okay, first there was Brahmo Sabha, this Den became Brahmo Samaj, it is clear, to counter this, 1800 is okay, to counter this, 1828 will happen. What happened to Dharam Sabha in 1830? It was formed by Radhakant Dev. Right, Dharam Sabha was formed by Radhakant Dev. To counter this, which Brahmo Samaj is right? You will remember this thing, if we talk about DK Karve, his full name is Dhondo Keshav Karve. He is known for women's education. Here I write, okay, he is known for women's education. Savitribai Phule ji is also known for women's education. She is Considered as the first woman or the first female teacher, first female teacher, first woman teacher. Ok, write female. Female Teacher of India is considered. She is the wife of Jyotirao Phule. Here I write ok, She is the wife of Jyotirao Phule. And when we talk about Jyotirao Phule ji, who did he establish? Who did he establish? Satyashodhak Samaj. He established Satyashodhak Samaj. The book he wrote in 1873 That was Ghulamgiri and Sarvajanik Satyadharma, okay, Sarvajanik Satyadharma, this is the name of his book. If we talk about Jyotirao Phule, he used to belong to a gardener community. Keep this thing in mind, and Jyotirao Phule, along with his wife Savitribai Phule ji, worked for women's education here, plus something else, so I am forgetting one thing, I do n't know why I feel like this, I feel like I am forgetting something and keep this in mind for the Satyashodhak Samaj. Let us know by the name of Truth Holder Society. Okay, let's go and where did they setup it in Maharashtra. Also keep in mind that it was setup in Maharashtra. Let us talk about the remaining fourth option, that is Swami Vivekananda ji's also okay. My pet name is DK, nothing good. Yes, I think all the things are done, nothing. Okay, so if we talk about Swami Vivekananda ji, then about the Swami ji who was there, you must be aware of his birth. When was he born? He was born on 12th of January and by what name do we celebrate it? How do we celebrate it? He was born in 1863. How do we celebrate it? And he died. He died on the fourth of July 1902 i.e. at the age of 39. He died on 12th January. We celebrate National Youth Day i.e. National Youth Day. National Youth Day is International if Youth Day. If we talk about it, it happens on 12th of August. It is clear that if we talk about Swami Vivekananda ji, then which organization did he create? He established Ramakrishna Mission. Ramakrishna Paramhans, his guru's name was Ramakrishna Mission, so it was formed on the first of May. First of May means it is a very important date. It means legends were born in this day. Okay, so on the first of May, 1897, this Ramakrishna Mission was established in Belur. Math was its head quarter in Kolkata. If we talk about Swami Vivekananda ji, his original name was that was Narendranath Datta is correct and his guru whose name was Ramakrishna Paramahamsa is correct. His original name was Gadadhar Gadadhar is correct Gadadhar Chattopadhyay is correct. Keep in mind about him that there is a rock memorial built in his name in Tamil Nadu which is called Vivekananda Rock Memorial and his name is Chicago. This speech is very famous in Chicago, he gave the speech in USA in 1893 and that is why you know when Donald Trump came to India, he was taking the name of Swami Vivekananda in a strange way. Swami Viveka Mundan is like this, isn't it the same in actual, come on brother, so we mean legends and bonuses, like there are a lot of people like it is Anushka Sharma's birthday isn't it and also like there is one in WWE who is hungry or not. That means I am talking about them. I am fine. With reference to the city administration of the modern empire. Consider the following statements. So tell me quickly. The statements are given in respect of the Morne Empire . Megasthenes put light on the morne city administration. The city council was divided into six committees and the city administration was well planned. Tell me. Ok. Yes, and we will turn our necks a little, won't we, blink our eyes, take a deep breath, so that your body does not become stiff, because if there is life, then there is world [music] Nah, brother, what answers have you got, please enter A B, sub days, no, which will be the correct answer, one second option does not seem right to me, Hmm, B C A B A B, OK, A B C, do this because this will be the answer, okay. All three statements are correct in this, Megasthenes, you know , yes, ABC, all three will be correct here, because Megasthenes, you know, he had written his book Indika, this was a traveller, okay, this was a traveller, he was sent to Chandragupta Maurya's court by Seleucus Nicator and in his Indika book, we had seen that one was that he had classified into seven castes or seven classes by doing PCS two and counselors. We had remembered him and he himself had mentioned in his book how the city council was divided into six committees and was well planned, okay, okay, and he had told that there was no slavery even though it was okay because Kautilya in his book or Kautilya suddenly or you know in the name of Vishnugupta, he has mentioned this in his book Arthashastra that slavery was practiced during that time, okay . Answer option number will be C A B C Which of the following is a function performed by the commercial banks in India Which of the following is performed by the commercial banks in India What work is done by credit creation, issue of currency, banking facilities to the government, credit control, so what is the work of a bank? Look, credit creation, issue of currency, the work of issuing currency is done by the central bank of the country, RBI. I told you that currency RBI issues ₹ 1 note and all the coins are maintained by the Government of India and RBI issues the rest of the currency. It provides banking facilities to the government. It is also the job of RBI to maintain its account. If ever there is a need for a loan, then to give the loan. Credit control, which we were studying about monetary policy. Actually, we had studied the Monetary Policy Committee. There is a committee of six members. The tools are different, which we have not studied yet. Bank rate, repo rate, reverse repo rate are through these, credit control is done, okay, what is done with the credit through them. Control is done but the work of credit creation is done by the RBI only, this credit control is done by RBI, how it is done, we will see further but when we talk about credit creation, our commercial banks do it, how they do it, understand that they do it in this way, whatever money comes to the bank, for example, whatever money comes to the banks, is a liability for the bank, it is a liability, it is right for the bank, what the bank does, it takes the money on loan, it is called that. These are the assets of the bank. I again repeat that the deposits of the bank are there. Whoever comes to deposit the money in the bank is a liability to the bank. I went to deposit ₹ 10,000 in the bank, it is an asset for me because I will get the rate of interest in it, but we are looking at the liability of the bank from the bank's perspective. Okay, and the loan taken by the bank to someone, like for example, I went to the bank, I took a loan from the bank and borrowed ₹ 10 thousand. So for me it was a liability but for the bank it was an asset because asset means from which you can get money and can generate recurring income. Debt is an asset. So if it is an asset for the bank, then you also know that the bank offers low rate of interest and gives the loan at a high interest rate, like for example from the bank, let us assume that you are getting returns of 9%, the bank is giving you loan at 15%, is it okay, then the middle 6% is what the bank is earning and it is okay and this is called spread, what is the spread of the bank? Profit is made by the one who earns margin in between in the bank, it is called spread. This much is clear, this is what is called credit creation option number A. For example, someone deposited ₹ 10,000, the bank picked up ₹ 10,000. Okay, so suppose the bank said to him that we will give you how much ₹ 15,000, okay, but from here, how much did the bank take from him, ₹ 20,000 , then the bank of 5,000. Got a profit of ₹ 15,000 and gave it to him, what did the bank do? It converted ₹ 10,000 into ₹,000. Okay, now ask the next question. Money Multiplier uses which of the following monetary instruments for its calculation. Which of the following monetary instruments does the money multiplier use for its calculations? Right: Repo Rate Cash Reserve Ratio Reverse Repo Rate or Bank Rate Now that I told you the thing that 10,000 became 20,000. What happened? Money got multiplied from double to double. Now do you think that the 10,000 who went to the bank will withdraw the entire 10,000 on the loan? The answer is no why because RBI controls the credit. How does it do that? It tells the bank that brother, you cannot give the entire money, you can borrow some vault cash from someone. There should be some amount of vault cash lying there i.e. there should be some empty cash lying there or you may have a certain part of it. Whatever amount of your money has come to you, whatever money has come to you is your liability and that liability is of two types, one is demand liability and the other is term or time liability. Demand liability means demand deposits and again repeat deposits in a bank are its liability. So there are two types of deposits, demand deposit and time deposits are in demand, like I have kept money in a savings account, I do business etc. So people who do business and have very frequent transactions, they have to open a current account. In the bank, there is a current account, either time or term, the deposits include FD, fixed deposit or RD recurring deposit. These come which mature on a time period, hence they are called time deposits or term deposits, then RBI says, be knowledgeable, be alert, it always says. But it says to the bank that NDTL which is Net Demand and Time Liability, you will deposit a certain percentage of it with us, so that if we assume that it does not happen that someone comes to the bank to take the money, let us assume that someone who had deposited Rs 10,000 comes to take the money, give our money, we need something right now, anyone can come to the bank at any time, so there should be some money of yours, so that is so that we have faith in the banking system. In order not to get eroded, you should not say that we do not have money at all, because banks would want us to borrow more and more money on loan, then the same thing is called cash reserve ratio, right is cash reserve ratio and the money which is not bank cash, the money that banks cannot keep in the form of certain part of NDTL is gold government security, so we call it statutory liquid ratio, right is statutory liquidity ratio, statutory liquid. Liquid ratio is clear, in this the bank gets the interest rate because now there is only gold in gold, the one who bought gold and kept it 5-6 months ago, today he is rich in silver, I think the rate of gold is quite high, right now, in the recent times, if the bank has maintained it in whatever gold, then it has got the interest rate in it, it has got profit, there is no profit in the cash reserve ratio, okay, I am slowly understanding the thing. Now money multiplier, what did I say that 10,000 became 20,000, money got multiplied, so you tell me that if the RBI increases the CRR, if it increases the CRR and SLR, will the money multiplier be more or less? The answer is that it will be less, why because the money multiplier, if the CRR increases, it will be less, why will it be less, if first assume that ₹ 100 were coming to the bank and the bank It was being told that if CRR is 0% then you were borrowing full ₹ 100. Now the bank has not been told that CRR is 20% so now it can borrow only ₹ 80 on loan. Now what is that, money will be less multiplied because less money is going into the economy, so less money will be multiplied, so there is an inverse relation between money multiplier and cash reserve ratio, repo and reverse repo, the bank will understand later, so the story is complete, both are clear. The questions were linked to each other and I think it must have been clear that what is the spread of a bank, how is credit creation, what is liability, what is an asset, does it belong to a bank, this is how the balance sheet is maintained, what is the bank's end money multiplier, and what is the relation of money multiplier to CR, so is the inverse relation clear, in which year did William Johnson coin the term gene to describe the Mendelian? Tell us the units of heredity. Please make a video on UPSI Pity Strategy. A lot of questions are coming. Sir, do you invest in the share market? Yes, you invest a little in the share market. It means that you have done one SIP in mutual fund, if you have done two-three SIPs, then the money keeps getting deducted from the same, that is, you put a little amount in your account and also put a little amount in the shares etc., sometimes it is okay, that is why I call you brother course. Keep buying in Which year did William Johnson coin the term gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity? So 1920 19 1909 or 19 10 So look who is Mendelian ? All the experiments of genetics etc. were done by him. There was a P plant which is known by the name of Peasum Satvavyam. Well, this is a P plant. It is known by the name of Peasum Satvyam, so he had done experiments in it and had given some laws. Okay, which we know as Laws of i.e. Mendelian Laws. He had given three laws. Be a little careful, okay, there are three Mendian Laws, which laws are these? The first thing I write here is the law of dominance that whenever there is a cross, whenever there is a value like for example, cross means like our mom and dad met, then we have met, we have come into this world, that is, if it is okay then you will have some resemblance, like your skin color, your hair, your height, your nose, your ears are fine, the drinking of the ears, then it means that they will be very similar to your mom and dad or not, if they are similar, then which trait will come and which will not. There are two types of hair, for example, straight hair and curly hair. If we assume that straight hair is dominant, then it is dominant. Mendelian said in the Law of Dominance that the dominant thing comes out of the box, that is, the dominant trait is the dominant trait. Will appear Dominant trait appears when there is a cross Second he said Law of Segregation Law of Segregation According to this during gamete formation during gamete formation alleles which are alleles are separated from each other Okay alleles get separated from each other and thirdly what he said Law of Law of Independent Assortment Independent Assortment So sometimes one directly asks that the third law Which one is the second law, which one is like this, so in this, there is a second during gamete formation, Ali of two and more different genes, get sorted out, okay, get sorted out into gametes, independent of each other, okay, gametes into gametes, independent of each other, now I am not going into depth in this, okay because it is a little complex, okay, and it will take a lot of time to understand what I have come up with in the batch. Think it must have been explained to you in detail, Law of Dominance Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment, in this way there are three laws which are called Mendelian Laws. Now Wilhelm Johnson had given the term gene in the year when Morley Minto Reforms came and that is 1909, so in this way you have to remember the years. Okay, so when was Mendelian Units of Hereditary given? In 1909. According to the New Land's Law of Octaves, every eighth element has properties similar to the dose of the first element. Which of the following elements has properties similar to the dose of Nitrogen? Again recall Doberner's Law of Triads. Three trades were given, there were only three triads. This was a limitation. The average atomic mass of the first and third element will be equal to the middle one. It was given in 18 17. In 1829, he gave some more triads. In 1865, Newland gave the Law of Octaves. The principle of octaves is called that was based on it is written or not written, it is not written musical instruments. Okay, it was based on musical instruments. In what way, like after sa re ga ma pa dha ni, what comes again is sa aa jaata na, similarly in English it is do re mi fa so la. After T again comes two so that means first and eighth let first and eighth note is the same good note notes I had told you what are the notes in the last lecture in the sound one hmm so you must be able to see that the properties of the first and eighth are similar they said this and arranged in this way but okay okay so arranged this thing and how many elements were taken out in total 56 How many elements were there in Mendeleev's periodic table 63 63 How many 118 and naturally occurring elements are there in the present modern periodic table? I don't know whether I got it written or not. If you didn't get it written, tell me quickly. How many naturally occurring elements are there in the periodic table. Hmm 92 93 94. There is a lot of confusion, keep in mind, but this number is 94. According to NCERT, if you want to remember, then tell the total 56 elements, including the last one. The element was thorium in their periodic table. Now their limitation was that you see, iron is a metal, sulfur is a non-metal, so what are they doing in a group, there should be similar in a group, no, oxygen is your non-metal, sulfur is non-metal but iron is a metal, what is going on, all these yes, fluorine, fluorine, all these are non-metals, okay, nickel is your kind of metal, so what is all this going on, okay, so these were their limitations. When did Newland Dr give octaves? In 1865, Lothar Mayer had already told what he had given first. He was the first to give trends. How did he give trends? When he plotted the graph between atomic weight and volume. In 1869 itself, Mendeleev gave the periodic table and in 1913, Moseley gave the modern periodic table. So if you want to tell who is there in nitrogen, then your phosphorus. If yes, then option number A will be the correct answer. Option number A is clear. 14 The head quarter of National Institute of Oceanography of India is located at So where is the institute of sea life in India located? So New Delhi, Hyderabad, Kanyakumari or Goa, then this is your situated in Goa and National Institute of Oceanography. Keep in mind that if we ask National Institute of Ocean Technology, then your answer will be Tamil Nadu. Keep this thing in mind. If you keep it ok then the answer will be Tamil Nadu. Well, you tell me where is the Forest Research Institute, where is the Forest Research Institute, where is the Petroleum Research Institute, keep in mind that both of them are in Dehradun, the rest of your dairy research is in Karnal, pulses and sugar is in Kanpur, sugarcane is in Lucknow, we have already seen all those things. Next is Which Organization is Responsible for the Development and Maintenance of the Roads on the Indian Borders Which Organization is Responsible for the Development and Maintenance of the Roads on the Indian Borders BRO Western Road Organization National Green Highways Project Eastern Roadways Organization So I think you would know that it is BRO Border Road Organization which comes under the Defense Ministry and when was it established If we talk about Border Road Organization was established in this year, tell me quickly and the organization regarding its road. In the last lecture, we had read that in the GT Road, we had seen National Highway One, NH One and NH2, these two sections, we had seen two sections. If we talk about NH One and NH Two, then this is your Delhi to Amritsar and this is your Delhi to Kolkata, okay if we talk about NH Two. Will it be a part of GT Road then NH Four which is the longest? Yours is fine. It is the longest which runs from Srinagar to Kanyakumari. Srinagar to Kanyakumari is fine and if we talk about BRO, it was established in 1960 and tell me the length of the Golden Quadrilateral which I had made you do in the last lecture. What is the length of the Golden Quadrilateral and tomorrow you will know Dravid. I also think I had asked you to tell me the length of the Golden Quadrilateral quickly. In which organization, which of the following books was written by the Roman writer Ply the Elder? Which book did he write? Indica Natural History Geographica or Periplus of the Errutherian Sea Indica. So friend, we are just coming back from seeing it. It is written by Megasthenes which means this court was written in Chandragupta Maurya's court, right. This is Natural History, this will be the correct answer. If we talk about Geographica, then this is written by Strabo, this is correct and Periaples of the Erruthrian Sea is written by William Shoaf, is that clear, okay, is that clear, till here and what is the length of the Golden Quadrilateral, its length is 5846 km. Okay, moving ahead, Ricky Cage is a globally claimed musician from India, won the 57th Grammy Award for which. Of the following albums Winds of Samsara Mystic Mount Mountain Dreams Ya Phir Divine Tights Hum To Kiske Liye Jo Hai Inko A Grammy Award was received for Winds of Sasara Okay, let's go Kahe Nahi Re Bhaiya, wait a sec Let's go, Winds of Samsara Got option number A for this Okay and Divine Tights reminds me of Hungry Tights Hungry Tights Whose book's name is there? Will tell and when we talk about Grammy, we should remember about Pandit Ravi Shankar. He got the Grammy for the album West Meets East. For he was the first musician to get the Grammy. The first female musician is Tanvi Shah, the one who got the maximum number of Grammys. Even if you ask, Pandit Ravi Shankar has got it five times. Okay, Hungry Tight, which is the name of Amitabh Ghosh's book. Okay, this is the name of Amitabh Ghosh's book. And his book is like Sea of ​​Puppies is ok Sea of ​​Puppies The Shadow Lines Shadow Lines is ok River of Smoke This is Amitabh Ghosh's books Clear Next is Hu Vaughn Wait a second Wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait this is what I did guys made a huge mistake man this is what I did that There was a question of static here, I had put a question of music here and in its place I removed it and put it of current affair, so this is when all the things happen, sometimes I think that I should leave this whole world and go to some bank, some river bank and live a comfortable life, sometimes my mind gets disturbed, what happened to this brother, come on, no one can answer, I have given this question to Pandit Jasraj ji. Maybe no, no, maybe yes, I kept it on them. Well, if not then I am on the Mrs. World 2025 Ishadi Amanda Shego Galia Christina Piskova or Karolina Marin, tell me quickly, but I will ask you a question and that is because you know I am like Master Gogo, I have come, so I will tell you, okay, then I will tell you, whatever I have to tell, I am on the Mrs. World 2025, so this is important because I feel like this. There are a lot of chances that Sir will ask that Vitamin D is 16.7, depressed exam has come, what to do, let me tell you one thing, brother, there are two units of Vitamin D, one is nano grams per liter in which I had got it done, the other one is in different units. Okay, so you will see both the different parameters, it is not that Sir's was this much, ours is this much, please check my unit, it was nano grams per liter. Maybe there is one more unit, okay, so keep this in mind, we, yes, we will follow you there too, okay, okay, okay, let's go brother, so Mrs. World 2025, why do I think this will be asked, because this is Shago Gali, yes Shago Galia, so this is the first black woman who has won Mrs. World, if we talk about it in the entire history of Mrs. World, then no black woman has won this, she is from South Africa, she is from South Africa, who was the first In the option you can see Ishadi Amanda, she won from Sri Lanka by defeating her, this was Miss World, okay, which was for 2024 and Carol Marin, she is a badminton player, right, she had defeated PV Sindhu in the Rio Olympics, won the gold medal in the finals and PV Sindhu won the silver, which film won the best film award in 78 BAFTA Awards, so which is the film which won the best film award in 78? Open Hammer had won the Best Film Award at the BAFTA Awards. Anora The Brutalist or Conclave. I don't know why I feel like it was a question. I missed a question. Why do I feel like this? Yes, I don't know why I feel it is due to the deficiency of Vitamin D. There are only 78 BAFTA Awards. So what will be the answer? The answer will be Conclave. Okay, whatever it is, it has received the Best Film Award at the Oscars and it has received the Golden Globe Award. There are awards, it's clear and then you have seen the best film in BAFTA award, but if you ask that we are the best director, best actor, best actress, then this director will be your Brady Corbert, okay , he got it for The Brutalist, keep in mind, okay, the best film was concave, but the best director got it for The Brutalist , let's talk about the best actor, Adrien Brody, he also got it for The Brutalist, if we talk about actress, then Mikey Madison Madison and this is what they got for Anora. For the film Anora and both above, for The Brute List, the last question is which city hosted the Ninth Asian Winter Games. So who hosted the Ninth Asian Winter Games? Beijing , Harbin, Ichungo or Japan, or Tokyo, Japan. When we talk about who hosted the Ninth Asian Winter Games, it is your host, Harbin, China. And it's okay in Nagoya, it's okay, the next Asian Games will be held in Nagoya, it's okay, the Asian Games will be held in 2026, it's okay here, but if we talk about the next 10th Asian Winter Games, then it will be in Saudi Arabia. You see, Saudi Arabia gets so hot, it is a complete desert there. Winter Games will be held in 20209, it will be held in 2029, it is okay 2029. If we talk about the Ninth Asian Winter Games, then what was its mascot? Was the mascot Binbin and Ni Moto? What was Dream of Winter Love among Asia? Dream of Winter Love Love among Asia. The flag bearers from India were Arif Khan, Arif Khan and Bhavani Thakkar. Well, these were the flag bearers from India and they topped it. If we talk about the first place in it, then it is obvious that China was at the top. You must have done well and India stood at 88th position in this without a medal. Alright thank you Dream of Winter Love Amangesha yes thank you everyone and this is the end of our today 's 20 questions, I will bring that question tomorrow, okay that question, I don't even remember it exactly, I don't even remember what was there on Jasraj ji, there was no one else, so let's do that question tomorrow and again. Thank you everyone for joining the session and have a great day. And you can take notes by going to the courses section. If you like, then this PDF is uploaded on our SSC telegram channel, the link of which you will get in the description of the video. Rest of the people who are not putting PTS, again guys, you are missing it, okay, you are missing on a very good thing. Yes, it is not necessary that you come to my 11 circle, it is definitely important that you It is very important that you have come to my PTS, it is okay because it is yours, it will waste your time and it will make your career. What do you understand, then the rest is your choice, how was your PTS yesterday, what was the score, how many people had attempted yesterday's and today's, how much did you get, what is the problem with it, all three will be correct brother, all three are correct, isn't it correct? Hmm, what to do with B12, it is very less. Yes, it has been observed that those whose D is less. Their B12 is also low. What happened in the 20th question, what the hell, okay, 11 have come after leaving current affairs. Okay, why are you leaving brother ? At least you can guess current affairs, so what negative marking is happening here? On Madhav Kumar Jha, you will know everything on May 1st, everything is right about Fatman Little Boy , which are the six committees, Maurya is asking in this, right, one second, there are six committees, one is of the Army, and that is the committee, you are writing something else, maybe whatever whoever wrote in the comments is right, one is of the Army, one is of an elephant, one is of the Navy, right is the Army, Navy, elephant and one is of a horseman. Elephant cavalry is fine and there is one transport, only four, five, five, no, this is fine of transport and one chariot, so keep in mind that these six committees were the ones who had told, Megasthenes never asked this question, so that is why I told no, okay I world, this is a collegial system of judges, collegial system is there, if not, then I will put a question on this and explain to you tomorrow, what happens in it, who are the judges? He appoints the next judge or the one who is his successor, the judges give him his name, but the President does not have that much say in it, the cases associated with this are First Judges Case, Second Judges Case, Third Judges Case, Third Judges Case and Fourth Judges Case, otherwise tomorrow I will tell you, there is a fight on this issue between the government and the Supreme Court or there is also a fight between the courts as to where this is so, in which country there is a system where many people pay the court and appoint their own people. If yes then this thing is called collegium system. Swami Vivekananda's books are his books. Like where did the question go? Here is your question. Karma Yoga, Rajyoga are the names of his books. Okay, Rajyoga, Karma Yoga are the names of his books. Okay . Ah Guddu ji, in 75 it was mentioned as Council of Ministers, so we are only telling that in Clause 1 Sub Clause B of 75. It has been added through 91 amendment, on top of that, the original thing about defect was not there that if someone is disqualified on the ground of defect, he will be disqualified in that too. Defection is not the only mention, if we talk about defect like in Article 102, then if there is any other thing written in it also that if someone is disqualified on the ground of defect, then he will see the Speaker of Lok Sabha, then it is also mentioned in 102 and It is also written in the 10th schedule that I had talked about a total of 30 lectures in the beginning, but you know that some of the exams are also postponed, it is okay now, this new exam calendar will come, so let's see accordingly, the rest, don't take tension about it, I have planned other things for you guys, it is okay, like our same series will be completed and if we have a gap, if the exam will not be held that soon, then I have a very good Thing I have, whatever is in my mind, we will see later. Okay, rest fat my little boy, just waiting for you is near, very near, I will say first to me, you will know all the things. Alright, thank you for joining the lecture and let's meet tomorrow. Okay, stay consistent, that's all I will say to you. Alright, alright, thank you.