in this second video of the psychic pathology series we're gonna attempt to clearly Define the free psychopathologies this unit focuses on so phobias depression and OCD we'll do this by describing their characteristics these are divided into the behavioral characteristics so what do people with phobia's depression and OCD physically do emotional characteristics what do these people feel and cognitive characteristics how do these people actually think once we've done that in the following videos we can go on to explain these disorders in detail and look at the various treatments psychboost.com over 170 videos to help you with your qualification and patreon supporters can access bonus resources tutorial videos and the Discord Channel behavioral emotional and cognitive characteristics of phobias you are probably aware that a phobia is an extreme and a rational fear of some object or when it comes to social phobias some situations two of the more commonly known phobias are Arachnophobia a fear of spiders and claustrophobia a fear of enclosed spaces but when we Define phobias we need to go beyond saying phobias are just about the emotion of fear if we think about the behavioral actions of someone with phobia what do they do or do not do one common behavior is avoidance so for example we can imagine someone's favor of birds which is called ornophobia now let's say they see a pigeon Landing the street in front of them they may cross the street in order to avoid that pigeon so this is what we would say is avoidant behavior they are physically adapting their normal behavior to avoid a phobic object the physical display of panic is also associated with phobias this is an uncontrollable physical response Alice most likely to happen at the sudden appearance of the phobic object so they'll scream they'll hyperventilate they'll wave their hands around and they may try to run away from the situation there are other aspects to panic well keep in mind when describing the behavioral characteristics of these free psychopologies we need to focus entirely on the physically observable behaviors one of the behavioral characteristic might be a generalized failure to function we expect people to carry out nor behaviors as part of day-to-day life but if you've got a serious phobia you might not be able to engage in the world in the way that most people do for example avoiding socializing outside if you're afraid of bees well you might find it difficult to hold down employment because you avoid going to work especially if your phobic object is something that could be encountered at work how about emotional characteristics a phobia is an anxiety disorder so anxiety is an emotional characteristic this is an uncomfortably High state of arousal as people with phobias are often constantly thinking about a possible future encounter with their fabric object they're not able to switch off and relax and feel pleasure you might have had a similar experience when worried about something coming up in your future maybe an operation a big exam or an important interview in the run-up we can't relax and we're unable to feel much pleasure in our day-to-day activities with some River phobia this could be a constant experience some of the social phobia can feel like this before what many of us would consider to be relatively minor social interactions leading to a permanently high and uncomfortable state of arousal we've discussed the behavioral characteristic of panic the emotional aspect of this is fear this is an intense emotional state linked to the final flight response it's a sensation of extremely unpleasant alertness that will only go away when the phobic object has been removed cognitive characteristics are for processes when it comes to phobias this means a rational fears phobia sufferers have an exaggerated belief in the harm the phobic object could cause them the vast majority of spiders are completely harmless to humans but some of the severe spider phobia is convinced even the smaller spider is a deadly threat someone with a social phobia is convinced that something wrong they say in a conversation might have long lasting or even permanent implications to their social life because a person with a phobia focuses their attention so much on these phobic objects and the danger they feel that are in this leads to reduce cognitive capacity they're not able to think about and engage in day-to-day life in the same way that other people will so this is going to interrupt their ability to focus at work and conduct other tasks that they need to do or find pleasurable behavioral emotional and cognitive characteristics of depression depression is a mood disorder so we generally understand this as a constant and long-lasting sense of sadness but beyond this emotional characteristic we can identify behavioral characteristics there's likely to be a change in activity level people with depression Camille lethargic which means they lack the energy needed to perform normal activities they may also not have the energy to take part in previously enjoyable activities this is called anadonia for the same reason they may have poor personal hygiene which is likely to be particularly notable and cause Observer discomfort to people around them there's often a change in eating Behavior resulting insignificant weight gain or weight loss there can also be an increase in aggressive acts which can be towards other people but often these acts of aggression will be acts of self-harm moving on to emotional characteristics it won't surprise you that sadness is a defining feature of depression this is a very persistent very low mood other emotions can include guilt alongside helplessness and a feeling they have no value in comparison to other people come to Features might include poor concentration people with depression are unable to give their full attention to tasks and when they need to make decision they're indecisive or unable to choose between competing options people with depression will also have negative schemas I'll go into these in much more detail in the depression video but simply these are automatic negative biases when thinking about themselves the world and the future behavioral emotional and cognitive characteristics of OCD OCD or obsessive chemicals a disorder is another anxiety disorder and if you can remember that you already have an example of a behavioral emotional and cognitive characteristic because OCD is defined by obsessions which are intrusive constant faults a cognitive characteristic the C stands for compulsions compulsions of the behavioral response to the obsessions these are an attempt to deal with the constant intrusive four processes and of course anxiety is the emotion felt as a result of the obsessive thoughts but of course we need to break down these characteristics into a little more detail and give some more behavioral emotional and cognitive characteristics compulsions are behavioral characteristics often combustions are checking behaviors this could be testing that the lights or the gas is definitely off or checking again that the door is properly locked this time other common compulsions are ritual cleaning behaviors which might be cleaning the kitchen down again and again or possibly cleaning hands to an extreme amount up to the point where the hands become sore these behaviors are performed repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety however any anxiety reduction is only temporary another behavioral characteristic is avoidance if there are objects or situations either sufferer nodes will trigger obsessive thinking they may try to avoid them so we'll try not to use the bin if they know touching the bin will cause obsessive thoughts about Contagion or will avoid leading the house that they know while they're out they'll be constantly worried if the door is locked this avoidance can also result in Social impairment meeting friends and taking part in social activities are difficult if you're not leaving the house and you're avoiding potential sources of contamination this means someone with OCD becomes socially withdrawn as OCD is an anxiety disorder we can classify high levels of anxiety as an emotional characteristic this extreme anxiety is of course a result of the obsession the constant worst case scenario thinking that defines OCD depression is also an emotional characteristic of OCD this is the result of not being able to control the anxiety causing thoughts and the OCD symptoms taking over the software's life leading to issues like social withdrawal cognitive characteristics include obsessions obsessions are intrusive or rational and reoccurring thoughts and these tend to be unpleasant catastrophic thoughts about potential dangers hyper vigilance this is a permanent state of alertness where the sufferer is looking for the source of their obsessive boards for example some of a contamination Obsession could be looking at each surface they need to touch like door handles light switches pens and keyboards I'm thinking about the potential fret of exposures to germs this hyper vigilance results in another cognitive characteristic selective attention or attentional bias this means the individual of OCD is so focused on the objects connected to their Obsession that they're unable to focus on other objects in their environment or concentrate on conversations I want to thank everyone over on patreon for supporting the channel because of you I've been able to teach part-time meaning I can make site boost on YouTube for everyone and a special thank you to cat posnick and Ahmad Romani for supporting at the developer level I do have extra resources that are exclusive to my patrons so if you decide to sign up you can grab those over my website and these include over a hundred exam question tutorial videos of course including questions on the Psychopathology unit I hope this was helpful and I'll see you in the next site 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