[Music] no matter where you live on earth this is where you came from and of all the people living today the ones whose lives most resemble the way we all once lived are the Hadza the hodza are the only people now living in Africa who just a few hundred of them are actually practicing a hunting and gathering way of life full-time relying on no agricultural resources at all oh no chicken ah ha ha mana Nobunaga zero ichi hominin a cheeky i can'tit easy ah Habana in our search for origins we start with people alive today and trace back in time and then taking this genealogical approach constructing a family tree genetically speaking I think the hodza traced back to the first people to live in East Africa they have been living continuously in the same place for tens of thousands maybe even hundreds of thousands of years there's far fewer people connected to nature now and certainly no one connected and the way the hogs are to them the land belongs to the animals and they're just borrowing it for the time being at the core they're real activists environmental activists that's a no-no a 2012 AMA Kenya to which this is Imagi a sequency up with you at the money pocket but Moroccan area and an occupied it's an agrarian crisis it's a political crisis it's a development crisis [Music] today in Columbus Georgia to combat in Navarre to an REO whanau puja to nakusha nom nom [Music] the hodza have lived here longer than any group of people have lived in any one place on earth when the Egyptian pyramids were completed the hodza had already been on their lands for over 50,000 years to Nepal in Diyala to name one minutes and we got tofu unum Lia and ara now in your more engineer at the word oh come on Yanni I have never known of a hodza losing an animal because even if you are a poor tracker your brother or your best friend or your cousin or your uncle one of those guys is gonna be a really decent tracker and he'll help you out they will see the tip of one leaf that has been bent and they'll say okay the kudu went that way the hodza continued to practice a way of life that has sustained our species for most of human history leaving virtually no mark on the land [Music] they are the strongest link we have to a past that for almost 2 million years was the way in which we lived perhaps of have this amazing knowledge of the land we live on it's very functional it's very practical when a house is walking in the bush he's picking up all this stuff that most of us are not the bird calls and suddenly they'll just start right what it is it's it's an eagle that took a dig dig down and they just picked it up on a slight call somewhere between them it on video because see mama casue video amateur comedy media Christine come piggyback off a chili pudding incident [Music] it's knowledge that presumably everybody in the past would have had and he would have passed gone through story telling nothing was written down most of us if we were dumped down there without anything else to survive other than our wits we wouldn't be able to do it because we've lost all of that they retain it and that's an important insight into the way we lived for most of our evolutionary history [Music] Leoni in - the kinesin ha Muji nay an Akula la Mesita attackable toward when the Yuki Nagato occupy la mesilla Akira Yuki on oka in each grain of the noise of a pizza Papa little corner bikini area in area known as the official camp a comma comma in the Biagio Nickelodeon back up people talk come on you sure [Music] [Music] honey it's actually the number-one-ranked food among men women and children the most common honey if they consume is the honey from the African killer bees smoke enables us to quell the bees and spend 15-20 minutes getting the honey out it's the most developed co-evolved mutually helpful relationship between any mammal and any bird in a conservation group we talk about that all the time that the nature and people are integrally connected it's hard to imagine a better connection I mean I believe my America I put a guy on about Macallan just as modern theory holds that humans evolved from a common primate ancestor in the Rift Valley hodza mythology tells us that they descended from baboons in the same land one day the god highly nascent some baboons together food he sent the others to bring water tired and thirsty the food forges returned with their bounty under the hot Sun the others had not returned with the water they waited and waited finally hi Nene determined they should go to the river to see what became of their companions they arrived at the riverbank to find the other baboons splashing and playing in the water hyena angrily called the baboon's from the river from now on hyena said to the successful forgers you will be hot sabe he told the others they would remain baboons to the hot sabe Heine said you will live in the bush and eat berries and tubers and the fruit of the Bayeux bob tree but first and foremost you will eat meat [Music] I'm gonna wash out their Minako um you can't be happy people probably something out okay cha I've got a name and I go on deck when I've gotta I'm not having it man giving up thinking happen just just just forgot and I'm a vice minute doctor got you covered only my do mayor convey our vocal you buddy yama nomicon go see my friend doesn't nothing about obey katisa Becca wakow say 700 Machida I keep it big oh god this is the operation of killing me emeritus named opacity and it tables about with an economy symbol in Reseda as guardians of this land going back countless generations the hodza take only what they need and use all that they take while I push P has been come up in but 17 minutes oh my god people starting eating within 10 minutes of it Bing Karthik is again where society will not Roma Cunha moto like in the bar Delta team shop window superior EP independent [Music] really you know if we were going to have a sensible use of the words we would call it gather a hunter because there are many days in which no meat comes in all of the hunters in the camp failed to get any meat but there is no day in which the women fail together this sort of environment particularly in the dry season has very little plant food to offer but there's one kind of food that very few animals exploit that humans have a tremendous opportunity to get and that's what we're looking at here digging for roots routes are a wonderful source of food because they are a store both of nutrients and the water there is a nice big to buy Burma you know we're all happy now because this is the kind of big room that is the pages this is the food that enabled our ancestors to colonize the stammers it gave them a secure food place even when there was nothing else to eat no meat no honey no seeds this is what kept us going there are several species of tubers that the HUD that consume the most common one that's called aqua I think it tastes like jicama but I've been told that it I've been told that it doesn't but I stand by that I stand by the jicama no Choma hopper oh cool it for money like you know know where the tank it is motor so you don't have your fire sticks with you and that means you can't make a fire and so you have to go back to camp to be able in the cooler location okay so quit whining [Music] leo - uh-huh your tape tom ELISA okay Noah with the children [Music] we all share much more DNA in common with each other then we really should given the size of our population there's 7 billion people alive today it's a sign that we actually went through a near extinction event ourselves I think it happened around 70,000 years ago the human population dropped to fewer than 10,000 people perhaps this view is you know a couple of thousand everybody living in Africa many anthropologists now state the hodza have lived in this area of the housings and thousands of years and yet only been in the written history books that the hodza are living in this area and that they even exist for approximately a hundred years if you talk to the hunt about this they say the reason that it took so long for people to realize that they were there is that when they saw outsiders they were fearful initially and so they would run into the bush and hide the hodza based on language and based on their genetic diversity who were most likely there before all of the neighbouring tribes the Hodges first documented contact with outsiders was in 1915 in the years since colonialists missionaries and governments have made many unsuccessful attempts to modernize them [Music] we're talking about a country that had been under German rule when Germany losses colonies in World War one it became a part of the British colonialism one of the things colonialism did was to turn this economists into cash crop producing economists the best land water has been given to those things there are structural conditions that make these already vulnerable regions become even more vulnerable Tanzania gained its independence in 1961 and the government adopted a socialist policy the project of nation-building in Tanzania took a particular form in which there was a deliberate effort to create national culture through national language nationalities national that and that had implications for the maintenance the production and sustenance of the different ethnic communities pressured by the Tanzanian government to stop wearing animal skins they adopted western clothing mostly donated by foreign visitors in the 1970s the hodza people were removed and put into villages villages ation as a part of a development strategy on paper it did look like a good policy where you could bring people together and everybody would have an elementary-school medical facilities or water pump you know really basic things that looked fine but at the same time you're forcing people to move so in the long run the hodza ended up going back to their ancestral homes I first heard about the hogs are from my lord out of the Serengeti that was 68 69 and he went down toward the other Valley that and said you know there's a indigenous people down there there's still the Bushmen like habits and stuff and they're very hard to reach we were extremely lucky we found the hearts of first day I was founded in those days was kind of hard to do first struck me very much was how little time they really had to spend money and digging I mean they really had a lot of leisure [Music] they're very dignified they have a beautiful life and they know it but as soon as you bring them into civilization they are the bottom of the pile and everybody preys on them it comes down to wealth it comes down to goods governments don't like it they don't get any tax revenue out of them and how do you measure success in the whole world you measure success by accumulation of wealth this is a different way it's the way we all were for most of our evolutionary history then many people consider it backward primitive something that should change you may be aware of the government giving the whole Yahtzee Basin to a royal family from Abu Dhabi as their hunting grounds this was back a few years ago Stephanie McCrum from the Washington Post came out he went with a local journalist down there in the valley threatened by politicians in route and wrote that story front page Washington Post and that turned the tide the Abu Dhabi sent a delegation to the UN indigenous rights Department and said look you know is this gonna hurt public relations and he said by all means but you can do it right and I think in the end they just realized it was too difficult too messy and they pulled out confident that each day will provide sustenance the Hudson never store food for the future in fact they hoard nothing go I normally see senior that seem to be party to the hodza give us some insights into what it means to be human psychologically with their social interactions the group size [Music] certainly the ability to interact with other people was critical in our early evolution and developing our our mental abilities coupled with competition of course there's a competition within the group competition for mates who's gonna be the lucky one who gets to pass on their genes for me language our kind of language has been something which I think promoted the development of the interact and once we have that ability that enables you to teach about things that aren't present for the first time it enables you to talk about the distant parts and most important of all we can discuss and when you bring different people to the table who have different experiences and they start discussing some problem or some idea you know it develops you know in a very predictable way [Music] [Music] [Music] Azana is a clique based language it's distinct from every other language on the planet may perhaps be the oldest language on the planet because it is so very very different and the cliques are very unique and you can tell even with an untrained ear how truly special this language is it's not a written language is an oral language which makes it even more difficult to learn because you can't take a class in huh-nah-nay there's only a total of 1,000 people on earth who speak this language when the hodza try to identify in terms of in-group out-group who is HUD's and who is not the number won't go to characteristic is who speaks heads on a increasing contact with outsiders from tour companies to other tribes has made it necessary for all but the eldest hodza to learn Swahili the language of East Africa is very icky Nina poof ah ha ha ha - ha ha Mata toga well no that's your better bait nobody's you're not jumbo CPL fareeza kasi see we can we come in here and have a look we're now at 21 suggesting you take a rock and try it okay she's worried about your hand which yeah me too okay I'm not very good the hodza have a very special relationship with the baobab tree and the baobab fruit women and children collect a lot of baobab it's this great source of sugar and vitamins and minerals it's like the hodza Clif Bar they can eat it on the go they can process it I if I ever if I find one I grab a mini to myself there they're absolutely delicious forage which is basically the seed of the bear Bob fruit mixed with water and a little bit of ash to stiffen it and that's what they're having right now and it's a staple many nights when there's nothing else to eat this is what they eat [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] the hodza are nomadic changing camps with the seasons when they move on their grass dwellings melt back into the landscape a big chunk of the day six hours maybe give or take is spent in just food collection alone right now in this particular region the only berries that they have in abundance are coal globe a they actually are able to bring home several kilos of berries on every foraging trip so if they do a morning foraging excursion and an afternoon for a day excursion they can often come home with seven or eight kilos of berries the first toy that a young pods a boy will get is a bow and some arrows both Neji and shinjae have made very small bows and arrows for some of these little guys to practice with so as you can see the bow is very small shinjae made one slightly bigger and they've tipped the ends of these very small arrows with meaning in Australia come aside with the sticky gum that's like wax this way it'll stick to things that it's not dangerous [Music] [Music] signal folders it's easy to gonna need cannon configured again kawatte Carletta but do i logo just pick out what fella testicular by the time you're five you can hit quite a lot and by the time they're 10 they're bringing home a lot of small game meat Oh it only Kolonaki gonna live anybody [Music] among the hodza Division of Labor's organized along gender lines the men make the weapons the women make almost everything else starting with their dolls they've found an old termite mound and young teenage girls here told me that it makes the best mud to create dolls and it's mostly the teenage girls that know how to do this and the little ones learn how to make the dolls when they come along on these trips [Music] [Music] one Xia will measure them to become a li we're not gonna know you're gonna be a mom [Music] mama-mama no one end up going gangnams as your unit mom and one fish aqua I'm sassy walk not a question Shaka take a university to chase a homeboy amok thankou particle say no more say ah you can talk a cricketer be a shame inevitably say Marta 29th what prepared us a movie that you could say huh well an awkward in the or no you know I thought oh not ya know a cube no I know icky I give me what a to Farooqi the HUDs I do in fact have very high infant mortality this is partially due to diarrhea of course is big one malaria things that anyone living in kind of a remote area without routine access to health care would suffer from although there's a high mortality rate in the first few years of life adult hodza typically live into their 60s some even into their 70s and 80s HUD's on a if you say it's Gina it's kind of a dance yeah party wild grandmas membrillo Damania why they what they cannot see watch it's always a blessing and a curse when I'm trying to figure out how old the HUD's are for my demographic database and one surefire way that I've found out is although the hodza might not keep track of years in terms of the ages of their children you always know ranking so you always know you know birth order is really important so you always know who's younger and who's older and where you fall in the lineup of your siblings and parents can always tell you when an event happened how I always say well how tall was your child and they can always tell you right away how tall they were and an equivalent aged child they're immediately able to tell you so it's not that they don't keep track of it I think it's just a different way of doing it and a way that makes much more sense in their community and in their population the HUDs I have no words for days of the week nor for the months of the year they have no calendars no stone monuments to mark the rotation of the seasons their sense of time depends on the wandering animals and the shifting patterns of their flowering plants members of a particular Hunza camp are largely unrelated which means that they're choosing who they want to live with they can live with the west family or they can live with friends there's a lot of fluid movement between camps and so if you need more help you can move to a camp in which you can get it or if someone needs help they can move to you [Applause] there are no chiefs there is no hierarchical system you have people that tend to be listed as the better hunters or the better gatherers but for the most part there's no political hierarchy they are a gal tier in the total population of hodza is approximately 1,000 individuals and of those 1,300 are practicing a hunting and gathering lifestyle if you want to have a job and you want to have a formalized education that can't happen when you're in the bush mangola the nearest town is a two-day walk from the hodza highlands it was once one of the four major hazard regions there Hodge didn't live here in Mongolia or kids that live in the bush that want to be in school for the school pilot Gary Bettman Cooper just got no go silent which please' walk not was to meet anglia super Iranian bank not carnal want to figure stood one day kid when a magnifica what facet of escape I'm afraid no commercially hope they took up waiting casting casting hasn't occurred an assignment course to cut me free idea like Dean Obeidallah Yoko to corner lol cotton Bangkok versatility boarding here wait this food dinner tonight golly which is a Tanzanian staple which is um really good very delicious it's um corn flour that's been made into something like a kick like grits maybe it's really delicious my children the Germanic look we should let that man I think nap equip our game you know God not amendments English plane that given a particular event German bankers away to nepata Mutulu music animals opening Barack Obama who you and pocket of stucco so I need my left eye can see toward me pedestrian dramatic me Amelia forgot numerous evidence you see now in your cousin do you shoot any video come 11 overcome order finally when I get me because I would mean anybody much if you're pigheaded hear me uncle some idea idea idea so my body not be idea so many cuts does it to go from Phoenicia one Deacon Cuffy shock on D come fast what wallet a car just is smelly applicator Kuja I supposed to Yui module in the course there pick up Chico Smith and I said yeah I get so cocky weapon bunny they'll $80 at this lawn edger bus silo that's the best news son Sheikh Luqman to Konami like total cost is a foodie chocolatey come what wallet a car just is standing at the gate I supposed to you know we want you in the coaster cupcake was this that this idea I got so clear up a little anaconda not a bad person Topanga logically logically anoxic idea sir saved in a fake idea to come in Miss Asia now at Whataburger ingenue Abajo kata-kata yarmulke Billa in a video a total submission Kasab abu qamha toto Kamata so my shoelace as a table acquittal confrontation german comercio a catatonic yatta Quinton Kotoko config and a gay Pune man take a two-tire Nawab 22 sequins economy Kukui owatta - was well you are now the villain - yet sir Sir - teppanyaki evaluated to Asami traditionally a part of huddle and the lush mangola region has attracted other tribes who have turned the area into a major onion growing centre natural resources have been depleted in the hodza have been outnumbered and marginalised so bubble apocalyptic my shadows easy eh Akane - pili chocolatey disease otaku noon come on Jim Gina cannot afford in Baku holla holla holla holla my G Hera in mangola it's very difficult for the head like to get some food because the animals have gone away to the reserves and also it is very difficult in Mongolia to find berries they have to beg from other types of tribes so that they can get food and whenever they get money from the tourists what they do is that they just go and buy alcohol what a fierce animal home is a king engine you know what's gonna come anyways I was I wish I were to put a lien you're short a koala to me I don't know come upon me the commercial a cow they come on attacked in general special obey an eloquent what's at all the quantity mera he see where the practice rule is a magical Amelie merit doctor feel asleep so when we first arrived my friend tattoo told me that her daughter and had been sick for three weeks so I checked her out I brought holiness out and holiness was able to diagnose her with pneumonia I'm a pretty severe case so she's been really sick we gave her some painkillers and this is medicine from the hospital of barzani Ogando amenazas the regressor told me Hermitage amber you have a hobby when I change a change' and upon me Governor Beebe governor me when you're changing a tire and upon a mentally then you were wise he has ability aghanim he deal now what am i doing up you want to care about you know isn't good you know no kiddo go to so now we got eyes are telling us that even in a hammer a very the water comes in it gets cold but because we have the fire then we can all stay warm and it's ready now for cooking in about an hour pods a mythology tells of the importance of fire to our earliest human ancestors the HUD's are recognized that their god highness gift of fire forged our predecessors into the humans they would become long ago the first people had no fire one day hi Nene came with her freshly killed eel and hi Nene asked a woman to light a fire the woman tried but she could not reach the ground to light it after lighting the fire he put the eland on to cook he asked the woman to distribute the meat among all the people so that they could taste cook meat for the first time when they had eaten their fill high in a first softened and then broke the people's knees so they could sit by the fire and draw a warmth from the flames rambha cunipic Asia is dog I don't need food Isherwood me Baba no cover to the corner more toast or credit when the Pattinson Vilma Babu said what the money when wanna to Mia yay cute now a lipophilic Amma Babu that was the money now rocket or national seismic asthma kiloton uses minimal as a beam do yup I'm sorry aqua Nam do konnyaku Noah hability yeah was ready dosoo - no - Mia when the assassin he what exactly was it that was responsible for making us human everyone has agreed for a long time that the critical moment when we became our ancestors became similar in size and shape to ourselves was 1.9 million years ago at 1.9 million years the fossil record shows this remarkable change to a species that is so similar to ourselves that some elite anthropologists call it Homo sapiens and before then they were more like chimpanzees standing upright big bellies big jaws humans have got the kind of digestive system that is very much smaller than that of the Apes and therefore would apparently be adapted to goat food cooking is vital for externalizing digestion it means that the food can be eaten very much more quickly than food that is eaten raw we spend less than an hour a day chewing so how much time would we spend chewing if we didn't eat our food cooked well you can judge that from the gorillas and the chimpanzees and the other primates and it would be we reckon between five and six hours a day then there's one other thing that happens 1.9 million years ago we have an increase in brain size that very mysteriously continues from then until now the number of calories saved by having a smaller gut turns out to match very well the number of extra calories we need to have a big brain so what does this mean it means that the chance of coming across fire as a way to prepare your food enabled our species to have smaller guts and that enabled us to have bigger brains we are bound by our tighter fire we see it in the way that every civilization lives today every culture lives we may not have campfires literally but we have fire somewhere in the background providing our fuels we have been fellow travelers with fire throughout human evolution and and that's what makes us so completely different as a species CC hasn't a quarter to eight Donna from this riccati tuna Gianni Tokiko Nicola Congo Batali even motivated to gwasha - Nando - this right here - yeah Luca city away even if you see me Atari oh god yeah since the real hit anything but NASA the hottest fires also inspire the energy and beauty of their singing and dancing an essential part of their everyday lives [Music] Tellem Turner so some kinds of fire use go way back and others are more recent the probably goes back tens of thousands of years the poison plant and that's kind of scary-looking stuff route that they do go there are a few places where they can extract the poison one of the most common places is at least a day's walk if not further they knock our doorbell that go down to cook me a lot of criticism Apple figure - nothing gained is a common eco tonight Jim but now Jim Burton explain them I didn't maniaci the poison is from a plant called the Desert Rose even if they take a cutting you end up using all of it and of course they take just enough that it regenerates like to work with me to do that tackling that you this indian that the neurotoxin derived from the desert rose is powerful enough to bring down any animal except an elephant which the hodza don't hunt a DBE utility Asia is a pickle supernova camera a tomato notch amnesia dude I change I can't win a Coulomb Asama touch green Eva there are poisons that can be made loud fire but this one is much more deadly than the others Cara Santa Maria melodrama marina bikini Maria yeah or numero uno cooler hello Katya Manitou / okay refika the black mamba is one of the deadliest snakes on earth the hodza kill it on site and it is one of the few things they will not eat not all mortal threats are as obvious as deadly snakes in the past the hodza relied on water from Springs but the demands of local agriculture and the sustained drought ravaging East Africa have reduced the water table consequently the hodza had been forced to dig deep well quickly moved all the buckets they've built this trough here and every day he comes in and cleans and prepares it for the cattle to come and drink the relationship with the hot zone the new toga is pretty complicated and traditional odds a watering hole it's now used for all of the terms of cattle that come up every day the hugs I have a very peaceful culture they do not try and fight back they try and negotiate now to Des Moines I'm adequately sent up okay what about will and wandering spirit you see a they happen I kidding hated you okay better better by every time we think that all of the cows have come more arrived I asked mem be about how she feels about the cows coming to the watering hole and she said that she understands that the cows need to drink and that it's not bad that they do tober are here it's just bad luck [Music] the cattle do eat anything that's green berries Hadza peanuts all that stuff ends up being eaten before there's a chance that perhaps I get to it wildlife becomes a big issue with the impalas are no longer there but could you disappear back into the hills the only numeric appearance to it no I'm making up my Daniel my teacher and I gotta meet him in you an awakened imam al inaudible Sun roof ooh cabeza when you forgot you was a powerful God your problem I Daniel Africa when a block number when it when you quit the de toga themselves have been pushed out of their land and have been pushed further and further into the bush in order to find a place for their cattle to maintain their way of life [Music] come on but the liquor universe acacho connoisseur I'm gonna come up oh no come on windy new Sanna Sanna when at the mega Mukunda Ottawa you have these two second-class groups who are also discriminated against in the country who lose land out agriculturist its history played out Villa when I did you go to fuku disease you had the break Attica ngat where abou-ganim attitude Amiga Maha Balarama John who talked about Pico - kebapi up channel a new car equipped with other CC - Kibaki come on - to Kolkata Katia Dwolla aware to nominate gamma boomers the very near future there will be nowhere left to go there's nowhere left to push any of these small scale societies the other thing is that you have created all these huge game reserves so long that they used to use is now off bounds commercial hunting groups have leased land from the government for tourists that want to go on hunting safaris and hodza men are not allowed to hunt they are arrested for poaching on their ancestral land it also affects gathering because it's not safe to go to brew digging or bury collecting when you're in an area where people could be shooting animals or shooting at what they might think is an animal beyond that pressure people in in position of the power a look and see these resources and say how can we how can we capitalize on them people in power a behaving as if they own these common goods they own forests the only rivers they own the soil they own the land and they can dispose of it as they please the HUD's of course don't really recognize land rights in any traditional way to them you share the earth with the animals and plants that are on it [Music] TWEN I'm nine you want to UM biome knife Iverson and it was a movie sitting up in Tijuana tunic RCC hopper is seven to seven verses scenario if a database public finally took a 2d Mario Kimani hospital number two to d8 to Hungary anywhere till eleven llamo was ambushed our own daughter don't watch Ana Farsi Appa part 1 enjoy an akuna kolima people assume well you know doesn't really matter where they live you know they're nomads then we can take him out of here and move them over there probably missed they accumulate this knowledge of the place where they live and they become very closely attached to it and also all of their dead are buried there the whole place is one giant burial ground and so you know they're connected intimately with their ancestors when they walk through this land so when you take that land away from them you're taking away a critical part of their culture it really is what defines them how do Issaquah mozelova me welcome oh come on come on save me I wish campus he caught Muhammad we have Maya same sign it we are kind English and but they should put in little money there are now to the point where they realize that land is the most important thing but in the meantime we've lost so much light [Music] there used to be something like two and a half thousand square kilometers now they're talking about more like five hundred square kilometers become a kamayani not oh I was having tea on my veranda and for Hajj that came to the gate I knew a couple of them and they said we heard you help people with land issues will you help us and that really started us off this is where the hodza convened in December of 2010 for a fairly large magnitude meeting for the hodza they don't usually convene the numbers like this there were five to ten representatives from every community the idea was there would be no formal agenda but the focus would be on how they define their future and have some influence over what that future is instead of responding to the pressures from from outsiders while they were here they made plans to set up game Scouts and Hudson Scouts basically to go out and do anti poaching and keep out elements from the neighboring communities are living once in their area this is the first time this has happened 150 hodza representatives from each of the communities coming together to do this it's unprecedented in Tanzania at this point we're not trying to keep the odds as they are or in a certain way what we're trying to do is give them options knowing that cultures change they are changing their and they're in transition we're trying to get the hodza to use the village structure to get rights within the Tanzanian political and legal framework this generation has to find its own adaptations that make sense some of them will be borrowed from the past some of them will be borrow from other societies but the point is that they have to make sense to the contemporary conditions to edge the compass it's me denim come shall boil up the baby maka who dream which I'll go and after I think it was a joke are divided into this result the really good news is that we've got a letter from the Commissioner of lands that is instructing the district of ammulu to grant title of a couple of nice pieces of land to the hodza as a community [Applause] [Music] it is a drop in the ocean if you look at the larger picture of what could be hands or land but it's a beginning this is a start but it's not big enough for the hodza culture and the way of life to be maintained over time this initial land rights recognition by the Tanzanian government has thus far proven unenforceable as recently as August of 2012 a Hodges scout was killed while confronting poachers but for the first time ever they fought back as another hodza fatally shot one of the intruders with his bow and arrow frankly I worry a lot about the future of the hodza and whether or not we can move quickly enough to really make a difference special groups and in a way on both environmental and social side achieves goals that well this piece of land keeps them how they are so that they can do what I go my grandkids still go out walking with the hot tub gathered the stingless bees dig the roots and just appreciate this intimate connection [Music] you mean a pendant near me I mean what was that one gear button come on I'll examine you come at me wait aluminium Julie I'm going to work Regency support about number typical me in Aqaba Chango me me by not equipped I can't quite at home good about you doing this to you I would be an utter tragedy if if this area is completely destroyed so many people who don't understand who don't know these people they feel well they can't really be happy because they don't have what we feel in the Western world is necessary to make us happy they are a part of globalization and I don't think that they should just remain as they were ten thousand years ago or five thousand years ago because no one remains that way but in terms of what they continue to do it ought to be recognized in it ought to be respected it boils down to a human rights issue for the hodza that want to stay in the bush they should be able to do so they should be able to stay in the bush and try to practice a sustainable lifestyle hunting and gathering for as long as they can the days are dwindling and think within our lifetime there will be no more bush for the hodza to live in we're running out of time if we don't help them make this choice now that's it we don't get a second chance we're going to lose forever a tie to our ancestry that is the most important tie that there has ever been in terms of making us human [Music] we cover a plea for them exactly it's not me luckily we kind of genius summer Congo be will I bear let me tough out there now [Music] a battalion report in June [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music]