Differences between SIADH and Diabetes Insipidus

Introduction

• Presenter: Sarah from RegisteredNurseRN.com
• Focus: Differences between SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone) and Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
• Importance: Understanding key concepts for NCLEX and nursing exams
• Encouragement: Take the free quiz on RegisteredNurseRN.com

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

• Also known as Vasopressin
• Regulates water in the body and constricts blood vessels
• Works with kidneys to retain or lose water

Brain's Involvement

• Thalamus: Produces ADH
• Hypothalamus: Located below the thalamus, produces ADH
• Posterior Pituitary Gland: Stores and secretes ADH

SIADH vs. Diabetes Insipidus

SIADH

• Increased ADH
• Causes:
  • Damage to hypothalamus or posterior pituitary gland
  • Lung cancer (e.g., small cell lung cancer)
  • Infections (e.g., pneumonia, meningitis)
  • Medications (e.g., chlorpropamide)
• Symptoms:
  • Fluid overload, edema, weight gain
  • Hyponatremia (diluted sodium levels)
  • Confusion, seizures due to brain swelling
  • Low urine output, high urine specific gravity

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

• Decreased ADH
• Causes:
  • Kidney insensitivity to ADH
  • Medications (e.g., Declomycin)
  • Pregnancy (increased vasopressinase)
  • Brain or pituitary damage
• Symptoms:
  • Excessive urination (4-24 liters/day)
  • Polydipsia (increased thirst)
  • Dehydration, dry mucus membranes
  • Hypotension, low urine specific gravity
  • Hypernatremia (elevated sodium levels)

Nursing Management

• Daily weights, strict intake and output monitoring
• Safety precautions due to risk of confusion and dehydration

SIADH Management

• Fluid restriction
• Avoidance of diuretic foods
• Diuretics (e.g., Lasix) to promote fluid removal
• Hypertonic saline for severe cases
• Declomycin to inhibit ADH

DI Management

• Ensuring hydration
• Avoidances of diuretic-promoting foods (e.g., caffeine)
• Desmopressin (ADH replacement therapy)
• Monitoring for hyponatremia and hypoglycemia with medications

Conclusion

• Understanding ADH mechanisms helps diagnose and treat SIADH and DI
• Visit RegisteredNurseRN.com for further resources and quizzes
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