device once we proceed anything or Then we have done so much yesterday and why only one person is speaking others are also present no try only one person resources resources please come the kancha has joined online also uh you join [Music] resources resources we discuss so much resources sustainable development why are you not telling in rhythmic way there has to be some sequence what sort of sequence I'm looking for have you seen the previous chapters resource planning everything Rohan children he was not present yesterday what about you we did what first of all we distinguished all of them on the basis of what ownership or first what origin origin very good origin and then exhaustibility and then where did we move utility ownership basically and then that is a major one we did that is the major one we did right then next we did what resource development ment and after resource development what we did resource planning was it clear to all of you to resource planning resource planning conservation first or second let me open that too h so in resource planning you're saying identification inventory huh identification inventory of resources across the guys identification inventory of resources identification resources inventory inventory means what inventory material that is called inventory that is known as that inventory of resources so this is called identification inventory next we need to have precision then you have qualitative resource whether it's very good whether it's a grade B grade what kind of resource then qualitative estimation quality checkity The second point point you have problem right matching a planning structure and down with appropriate technology right so now you need to have a appropriate technology to get it see even if I identify social you have to become IAS a bureaucrat or IPS or IFS you have to become an officer you have identified this but there is no execution unless you will not read the right resources or you will not under the right guidance what is the second line evolving a planning structure structure you have to plan a structure what is a structure that I'll go to an institute i'll take the guidance i'll take the NCERTT classes i'll take the optional this is the structure tools requiration prevention measures measures authority signatures many stages are there many levels are there that you need to identify Okay then matching the resource development plan with overall national development this I have given you a detailed version got it or then let me know okay done everyone rohan doika uh Sanja okay so now first we are taking land as a resource okay first is land resource okay so what is land resources one of the most important resources it is a natural resource so first we are trying to understand landcource so write down land is a natural resource of utmost importance land is a natural resource of utmost importance it supports natural vegetation it supports natural vegetation comma wild life wildlife comma human life comma Economic activities comma transport and communication systems transport and communication systems systems write down land form such as landform such as Yes can you just repeat the second point once again yes it supports natural vegetation i have written also on the board it supports natural vegetation this is what we have written now last point okay now next point landforms such as landforms such as hills valleys platforms such as hills valleys plains wetlands wetlands include different resource generating areas different resource generated areas that the people living in them that the people living in them depend on example see on the land resources many people depend right for the agricultural aid etc then we have this example of secret groups there's a secret groups you will you will study environment portion also what are secret groups there's a they connected to the rituals of certain community where you cannot touch particular area because they said these they the material resources here are sacred in nature and they do worship them because they are going to get lot of resources from that area so write down example in i n t h a example in secret groups secret groups of the western hearts i've given some assignment to you now a question to you have I given that nobody reminded me of that huh so sweet you are why didn't you remind me of that question have you done first of all let me know that a tomorrow is your test i'm again reminding [Music] it will be easy only Himalayas that we have done some exogenetic endogenetic that's it don't worry I'll be not setting a difficult paper for you okay all right then okay Now next line if the land is utilized carefully it can be considered as a renewable resource as a I'm repeating if a land is utilized carefully it is considered as the renewable resource first stop the roots of trees the roots of trees and grasses bind the soil the roots of trees and grasses bind the soil next line if the forest are depleted If the forests are depleted or grasslands or grasslands are overg grazed or grasslands are overg graced the land become the land become unproductive the land become unproductive and wasteland is formed and wasteland is formed next point land can be converted into Land can be converted into nonrenewable resource non renewable resource when highly toxic highly toxic industrial and industrial and nuclear waste nuclear waste are dumped on it okay next point land on Earth is as finite as any other natural resource there are various utilities of land for men there are various utilities of land for men for example building homes building homes comma cultivating food comma maintaining posture actually dispatchure for domestic animals spelling is written on the board maintaining posture for domestic animals comma developing industries to provide goods developing industries to provide goods and supporting the industry by creating towns and cities supporting the industry by creating towns and city [Music] now write down land use change so first what we see we are doing the important resources for example we are doing the resources which are important to us like land like water like air and also we are understanding it that what is the utility of the land for men and then we are doing what land use changes can affect us then we are doing how to prevent the land Okay land conservation methods similarly we'll do it for water similarly we'll do it for air why because these are some of the very very critical and important resources for the human beings right now write down land use change next heading under this only write down land use change first point the most damaging change the most damaging change in land use the most damaging change in land use is demonstrated by is demonstrated by the rapidity rapidity means how fast with the rapidity with which forest have vanished forest have vanished during recent times both in India both in India and in rest of the world next point forest provide us forest provide us with variety of services with variety of services first stop these these include processes such as maintaining oxygen levels in the atmosphere comma removal of carbon dioxide comma control over water regimes and slowing down erosion and also produce products and also produce products such as fuel food timber and also producing products such as fuel fuel timber comma forest medicinal plants etc full stop very important line in the long term write down in the long term the loss of in the long term the loss of these is far greater than the short-term gains gains produced by converting forested lands into other uses converting forested lands into other uses so there is an example of the land resource okay I'll give you you don't have to write just understand okay so how the land resources even the legisl legislation okay legislation means laws okay how the laws with respect to the land also changes the whole livelihood whole uh lives of the people so people are so rooted with the land sometimes so what happens so in for there was a forest act 1980 okay you will and study it for now just take it as an example that what I'm trying to tell you okay the forest right 1980 was there okay in this in this forest right what happened so they there were some laws with respect to the how the forest should be prevented okay so this law was actually amended in 2006 there was a law which was amended in 2006 Forest Dwellers Rights Act 2006 and it was amended why they came there are some people who are dependent on the land too much for the people who who of whom the livelihood it totally dependent upon the land for example there are generations who knows nothing except doing the farming okay it's very easy to say sometimes but that community is so rooted in that area that any small change in the rights in the act can bring a huge change in their lives right and it is not only one family who is dependent upon them there are multiple families who is dependent on such livelihood and they do not know any other skill apart from that they do not know any other skill so this act was amended or it came in consideration with the people who have been living there for example there are four families from four generations they are living and dependent on the those livelihood those particular crops for example bamboos etc they are dependent on them they are doing small kind of export they are sustainable ag they are doing the sustain sustainance agriculture what is sustainance agriculture that the kind of food and the amount of food you're growing only for your own sustenance so if agriculture you're not using that crop you are just using that crop only for your own sustenance it is also known as sustenance agriculture okay so these people these tribes also you can say or you can call them as dwellers dwellers means people who dwell on something okay so the this these laws came only to protect them without the permission of concerned authority nobody can come inside and exploit the area but what about these people whose land is there for many many years what about their activity their livelihood what about their skills who knows this only and nothing else right for them this became very important to change dwellers right so land as a resource is so important that the whole law has to be changed just because we wanted to give they are due what rights because they were not given the fair justice the fair amount of what justice what not was not given to they can come they can do practice their sustenance because you know this only you know certain kind of skills so you can do it here okay so land sometimes become so important for the people that even the government has to take steps for the for their what for their benefits right so this is known as the land land as a resource is very important resource landrop if you do not know land as a resource is important you know if we do not know how to use the land in an appropriate way then what will happen it will stop giving us the food that we are dependent upon this is all dependent on the land and this is known as what kind of source this is a primary source question UPS may identify the primary source in 2023 24 minerals exploration and then agriculture be option so land as a resource is a primary source what is a primary source we divide the sources we divide the resources into three major category what is this sources primary then secondary are there many wheat and then I have a mills of wheat you are not getting this primary source primary source means what meal mill okay not meal okay it's in Hindi it's known as meal right mill or whatever what is factories i mean to say that okay okay you got you thought M E A L okay by the way milk is also primary source right so you should know the small small things questionary source secondary source thirdary sources question so land is a primary source because you're deriving directly it from earth crops directly let's take cotton cotton we are manufacturing clothes textiles now we are giving it to the people so what is this known as secondary secondary services for example Hospitality tourism this comes in tertiary land primary sources online students write item C land degradation land degradation see lie down there are different ways that the land can degrade right degrade means what degradation means what huh damage degrade means what upgrade degrade synonyms similar words so damage is what synonym upgradation is what a right now land degradation write down it is a process of It is a process of deterioration d R O T A T I O N one of soil it is a process of deterioration of soil or loss of fertility a loss of fertility first stop due to increasing population due to increasing population the demands for arable land arable land for producing for producing food fiber and Fuse for producing food fiber and fuel wood is also increasing simple stop hence there is Hence there is more and more more and more pressure on more and more pressure on limited land resources limited land resources which are getting degraded which are getting degraded due to over exploitation due to over exploitation write down nearly 56% nearly 56% of total geographical Total geographical area of the country area of the Country is suffering is suffering due to land resource land resource degradation now write down effects of land degradation effects of this can directly come in your means examination direct question direct tell the effects of land degradation what is the way to prevent it direct question and you will know the reasons everything is ready what are the factors which are degrading the soil fertility excime reason for the land degradation gs3 GS3 environmental biodiversity envirmental biodiversity questions resources so everything you will find here you will see the question directly you will get the pattern and then we have to write max to make it more interesting now write down effects of land degradation first point soil texture and soil structure soil textures and soil structure are destructed are destructed next point loss of loss of valuable nutrients valuable nutrients next line increase in water logging comma salinity comma alkenity basically alkaline alkalinity this is you can add [Music] and acidity problems next line loss of economic social and biodiversity biod diversity can you tell me the difference between Can you spot the difference between all of them what is the difference between acidity alkenity salenity can you spot the difference they please everybody on the board salinity means what amount of salt present in soil what are different amounts of salt for example NaCCl is a kind of a salt kcl is a salt right then your MgBr is a kind of a salt this is called magnesium bromide sorry so if the salt content become more then what will happen the soil will become inappropriate for the vegetation which kind of soil is having the more salinity there are two kinds of soil which is arid soils what are soils where they are found in Rajasthan topic don't worry I'm just giving example to explain salent here and there's another kind of soil which is known as saline soils here also the salinity is more evaporation evaporation automatically because of high insulation high insulation also and hot humid etfall become So automatically region run affecting the growth of the crops okay what about acidity alkenity is difference have you studied the pH level ph scales 10th everybody has passed 10th right so this is called the scale first number first number is the most acidic number 14 alkaline basis acidic basic opposite basic for example hydroxide our science 10 question H2SO4 HO3 basic PCM very good basic so this is called acidic this is called basic silicertilizers ph balance ph balance maintain that is the whole work of fertilizers next write down causes for land degradation effects first of all tell me that effect causes for land degradation first is population first is population more land is needed for More land is needed for producing food more land is needing for producing food comma fuel and fiber wood fuel food and fiber wood first stop so the land is degraded so the land is degraded due to over exploitation over exploitation next point second urbanization second urbanization what is urbanization urbanization reduces Urbanization reduces agricultural land urbanization means what people are coming and settling up in urban cities and the rural areas are not being utilized urban areas are overburdened okay so urbanization reduces agricultural land full stop urbanization leads to next line urbanization leads to deforestation urbanization leads to deforestation comma which in turn which in turn affects millions of affects millions of plants and animals plants and animals what is urbanization urbanization reduces agricultural land urbanization leads to deforestation which in turn affects millions of plants and animals right third point fertilizers and pesticides fertilizers and pesticides put a hyphen it affects 40 it affects fertility of the soil and causes and causes land pollution and causes land pollution next point damage of top soil damage of top soil check your time table on Mondays monday I you won't have my class okay i won't be coming on Monday so check Have that habit have that habit of checking the times next week check all right so next line is what damage of top soil write down in colon increase in food production increase in food production generally leads to generally leads to damage of damage of top soil to nutrient depletion to nutrient depletion the last point for this is fifth point water logging comma soil erosion water logging comma soil erosion comma salinization salination salinization I mean not salinization like this and contamination of the soil and contamination of the soil with industrial waste with industrial waste cause cause land degradation cause land degradation chicken your water resources still left water resources left uh energy resources left which I want you to do in detail then your okay shall we write about soil erosion now what is soil erosion what is soil erosion what are the types of soil erosion shall we do shall we do that soil erosion causes of soil erosion and then prevention of the soil erosion prevention of the soils what is soil erosion direct question what is soil erosion all students are not participating more today what is soil erosion top soil topic inorganic material that is called the top soil we want this phenomen because we want more of we want to preserve that soil so that more crop can be done right overuse of land resources also overuse of fertilizers pesticides over dependence of the population see examp [Applause] 100,000 kilogram dependence Okay removal of top very good a now write down the process of loss the process of loss the process of loss or removal of or removal of superficial layer superficial layer of soil the process of loss or removal of superficial layer of soil due to the action due to the action of wind comma water and human factors now of the data it has been estimated that it has been estimated that more than 5,000 million tons of toxite is being eroded annually causes top soil what is the causes of the soil erosion simple s okay I will write the causes here just say water write down water wind biotic agent and landflight what is written in water water rainow [Music] that is called runoff next wind your climatic agents okay your climatic agents which carry away the fine particles which carry away fine particles you can see the board for the reference online students what is a biotic agent overg grazing mining and deforestation then landslide last we talking about construction building dams buildings roads highways etc last leg very good also nice very nice tsunami heavy rainfall very good so what are the methods of controlling the what are the soil conservation practices that you need to follow then write down the soil conservation practices right the first point to uh organic farming if you'll practice organic farming what is organic farming somebody can tell me what is organic farming increasing the what organic input to the soil you will try to put that on the soil rather than using chemical input so rather than using organic gimm it has to be very pure purely you it has been extracted from the the your organic matter right so write down the process of increasing organic input to the soil example biofertilizers Examples bofertilizers next items crop rotation next conver conservation practice is crop rotation crop rotation for example you have grown rice here now rice properties are to take away the nitrogen now you have to put an alternative for the rice next time so that it should restore the nitrogen nitrogen you have to put an alternative alternative crop nitrogen fix what is that crop is legumes leguminous crops just say Rajma beans they fix the nitrogen replace this is called crop rotation okay write down process of growing different crops process of growing different crops in successive years in successive year on the same land on the same land full stop it prevents the It prevents the loss of fertility it prevents the loss of fertility of the soil next measure strip cropping write down next preventive measure is strip cropping what is strip cropping you will put your crop then next layer your crop then your crop basically one one same crops basically samerops that they need protection so that breaks for that protect this one this one small one write down planting of crops in rows planting of crops in rows to check the flow of water next mulching what is mulching is what is mulching taste crop residue again write down soil is covered with top with crop residues and other form of plant litters with other form of plant litters plants litters and the last one is terrace farming what is terrace farming we call it as June cultivation because this is how the slope is right now if we try to plant it here then it will become very difficult why because if the water will come or the wind will come it will directly take this away right so whatever we are growing we won't be able to protect it so we place a terrace we cut a terrace form of structure and then we try to grow it here it will run like this inside the land will perulate for perculate first of all it will not do the erosion second it will percolate down that means the water will get enough of water sorry the soil will get enough of water now write down conversion of steep slope you steep slope conversion of steep slopes into terraces into terraces which run across the contour shape shape contour bracket contour means shape which run across the contour run across the contour first stop it reduces soil erosion by controlling runoff that's all for the land resources in the next class we'll discuss about about very good water resources okay and the part please revise such this part okay and resources we have done in too much of detail we'll do the water resources we'll do the forest resources and energy resources okay all of them are important why because this is one of the important topic for the mains every year one question or two question is definitely there from this topic resources okay