Title: fnut-07-00037
URL Source: blob://pdf/d0099eca-9aef-4ba4-a65a-3a36b0fe10cc
Markdown Content:
Jenzer and Sadeghi-Reeves Nutrigenomics Impacts on Aromatase Function
TABLE 1 | CYP19A1 active food ingredients, their targets, and effect on the
enzyme: Substrate (S), Inhibitor (), Inducer ( +).
Plant and active ingredients Targets Effect on
aromatase
Allium species, containing allicin, S-allyl
cysteine, S-allyl mercaptocystein,
organosulfides (diallyl mono-, di-, trisulfide)
A. sativum = Garlic
A. ursinum = Wild garlic
Cell signaling
Glutathiontransferase
Apoptosis
Brassica species [Cruciferous vegetables
(mainly sprouts)], containing indole-3
carbinol, organosulfides, sulpharophanes,
isothiocyanate from glucosinolates
Broccoli
Brussels sprouts
Cauliflower
Kale and bock choy
Aromatase
Cell signaling
Glutathiontransferase
Angiogenesis
VEGF receptor
NF- B
Apoptosis
Citrus spp., containing prolin, betain,
naringenin, monoterpenes, D-limonene
Grapefruit
Orange
Mineola
Aromatase
COX-2
Cell signaling
Coffee, containing melatonin, and
melanoidins
Aromatase
COX-2
Cell signaling
Metabolic
regulation
Curcuma domestica and C. longa (Turmeric),
containing curcumin
COX-2
ROS scavenging
Fruits (pigmented) and berries, containing
ellagitannin, ellagic acid, sitosterol,
anthocyanidines (delphinidine, myrtillin),
phenolic acids
Urolithin B in pomegranate,
Rubus ssp.: lambertianin C in
blackberries, sanguinin H-6 in
raspberries, myrtillin in blackcurrant
pomace
Fragaria ananassa Duch.: agrimoniin)
Aromatase
COX-2
Cell signaling
Glutathiontransferase
Angiogenesis/VEGF
NF- B
Apoptose
Ethanol Aromatase +
Fatty acids from animal or vegetable oils
-3 fatty acids
docosahexaenoic acid
eicosapentaenoic acid
-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid)
Fish-oil
Nuclear receptor
Anti-oxidation
Grape seed, containing resveratrol Aromatase
COX-2
ROS scavenging
Green Tea, containing
()-epigallocatechingallate
Aromatase
Honey, sugarcane molasses containing
melatonin and melanoidins
Aromatase
COX-2
Cell signaling
Metabolic
regulation
Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), containing
glycyrrhizin, Glycyrrhic acid
Aromatase +
Mushrooms
Agaricus bisporus ( = white or brown
button, baby button, portobello, crimini,
champignon de Paris)
Aromatase
(Continued)
TABLE 1 | Continued
Plant and active ingredients Targets Effect on
aromatase
Lentinula edodes = Agaricus edodes ( =
shiitaki, Chinese black mushroom,
golden oak mushroom)
Nuts, containing fatty and amino acids (e.g.,
arginine)
Walnut
Hazelnut
Cashew
Nuclear receptor
VEGF receptor
Soy, containing phytoestrogens, stilbenes,
and genistein
Aromatase
Testosterone (and Androstenedione) Aromatase S
Ubiquitary occurrence: Flavonoids.
Polyphenols
Flavonols (kaempferol, rutin, myricetin,
quercetin, spirenoside, galangin,
rhamnetin)
Flavonones (hesperitin, naringin,
naringenin, hesperidin)
Flavones (apigenin, flavone, luteolin,
chrysin, diosmetin, diosmin)
Flavonolols (silibinin, silymarin, taxifolin)
Flavan-3-ols (catechin)
Isoflavones (genistein)
Aromatase
COX-2
Anti-oxidation
Vitamins A, C, E, and provitamins, e.g.,
lycopene ( = !,!-carotene), beta-carotene,
xanthophylls, tomatine, solanin
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Watermelon
Cantaloupe
Pink grapefruit
Papaya
Apricot
Carrots
Banana
Aromatase
COX-2
Cell signaling
Wholegrain, containing fiber, polyphenols,
fatty, and amino acids
Buckwheat
Millet
Rye bread
Brown rice
Purple rice
Aromatase
Nuclear receptor
VEGF receptor
COX-2
For references see text.
## Buckwheat, millet, or brown and purple rice
## Cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, and bock choy
## Garlic and tomatoes as a result of indole-3 carbinol and
## carotinoid (lycopin) content
## Mangosteen, grapefruits, and other citrus fruits as a result of
## monoterpenes content
## Grapeseed due to procyanidin B dimer and resveratrol
## Pomegranates due to ellagitannins (the most potent being
## urolithin B)
## And mushrooms (white button, baby button, shiitake,
## portobello, and crimini) due to conjugated linoleic acid.
## Induction of aromatase and thus increase of breast cancer ri sk
## can be associated with ethanol. Liquorice (glycyrrhizin fr om
Frontiers in Nutrition | www.frontiersin.org 13 April 2020 | Volume 7 | Article 37