Lecture Notes: Musculoskeletal System and Related Conditions

Overview

• The musculoskeletal system is critical for structure and movement.
• Key components: strength of bones, flexibility of muscles.
• Issues arise due to infections or weaknesses affecting daily activities.

Osteomyelitis

• Bacterial infection that destroys bone tissue.
• Mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
• Infection reaches bone via blood, causing pain and movement hindrance.
• Treatment:
  • Anti-infective agents to target and eliminate the bacteria.
  • Reduces pain and facilitates bone healing.

Osteoporosis

• Condition where bones become brittle due to calcium deficiency.
• Common in post-menopausal women (estrogen loss).
• Patients may fear fractures from simple tasks.
• Treatment:
  • Vitamin D and calcium therapy.
  • Estrogen replacement.
  • Bisphosphonates (e.g., Alendronate, Ibandronate).
  • Calcitonin.
  • Strengthens bones and reduces fracture risk.

Paget's Disease

• Altered bone growth, leading to soft and fragile bones.
• Causes bending of bones and pain in movement.
• Treatment:
  • Similar to osteoporosis: Vitamin D, calcium, bisphosphonates, calcitonin.
  • Aims to manage condition and improve quality of life.

Bone Marrow Disorders

• Anemia:
  • Insufficient red blood cell production.
  • Causes fatigue and weakness.
• Leukemia:
  • Mutation and uncontrolled multiplication of white blood cells.
  • Weakens the immune system.

Inflammation

• Natural response to injury (e.g., sprains, overuse).
• Types of inflammation:
  • Bursitis: Inflammation of bursae (fluid-filled sacs).
  • Tendinitis: Inflammation of tendons.
  • Myalgia: General muscle pain.
• Treatment:
  • Medications: Salicylates, corticosteroids, NSAIDs.
  • Reduces redness, swelling, pain, and restores function.

Importance for Pharmacy Techs

• Understanding conditions and treatments supports patient care.
• Aids in providing appropriate assistance and medication information.

Patient Example: Molly with Osteoporosis

• Uses Alendronate (bisphosphonate) and calcium supplements.
• Medication helps stay active and reduces fracture risk.