we've arrived at part 6 page 13 and we're still in chapter 1 orientation to the human body so we've been looking at the individual nomenclature issues in terms of referencing parts of the body so here we were looking at the anterior aspect so we know that there's a sternal region there's a pectoral region the upper arm is sometimes referred to as bronchial the lower the forearm aspect is referred to as antebrachial okay the the back here we have a cervical region and the back because of the neck okay we have the dorsal aspect these are things intrinsic to the back over here we do have the acromial again we have the the olecranon area which is the back of the antecubital we have the antebrachium the bronchial we have the gluteal region here we have the this is a femoral aspect this is the leg here Cyril as the back of the calf we have a calcaneal tendon rather than a achilles tendon which allows us to bring our toes in a downward position and here we're demonstrating the plantar surface which is the sole of the foot okay so know your nomenclature everything on that page is certainly fair game and then we're going to be dealing now with body planes and sections and here we have a lady who's demonstrating for us the position first of all this is anatomical position although her hands are a little bit stretched out it's still anatomical position the hands are in a downward position and the palms are forward the thumbs are lateral the most lateral aspect of the body and here we've how shall I say we've shown three dimensions okay and so whenever we're going to do be doing x-raying or any kind of body imaging we're going to be discussing also in just in terms of referencing things I'll give you some examples at some point okay but let's begin with bilateral symmetry here we have symmetry down the mid sagittal this is a sagittal plane any plane that intersects the body and creates two lateral portions of the body after intersection that is referred to as a sagittal plane okay so here we have a where is it being discussed here here it is it's the median mid sagittal okay but there is any number of other sagittal planes another interesting sagittal plane could be going through mid clavicular usually if you go through the midclavicular line you're also coming through the nipple line and also it's important on this side of the body to come through the mid clavicular or nipple line in order to find the mitral valve of the heart so you can listen usually you put your stethoscope right about there and the fifth interspace of the ribs and you've got the largest valve of the heart to listen to okay so there's a number of ways of using sagittal in in a variety of cuts through the body in different divisions then we can look at the transverse or horizontal plane they're calling this transverse and I'm also an indicating it could be considered horizontal we can bring a horizontal plane here through the umbilicus what's above the umbilicus then in this plane is the superior aspect what's below is the inferior aspect I might ask you I've placed a transverse plane through the acromial region that would be the shoulder in what region would we find the inguinal region and the inguinal region is down here and so compared to a transverse plane that's going through the acromial region the inguinal region is in fear okay that's that's a simple observation so it depends on where you put the plane and we're going to be learning eventually when you get to neuroscience you'll get the exciting experience of having cat scans of the of the brain and you'll get to learn the brain and all of its little sequential parts just the way you like it okay then we have another plane coming from the side it's called the coronal plane or the frontal plane and it basically it divides the body into anterior and posterior portions okay so it can be placed in a number of ways and which we can get that result okay so the three planes of the body just the way you like it there okay then we have basically the the text gets into all kinds of scans and these are two-dimensional scans this would be of the brain and so you don't really know if you're looking from above or below you're just seeing that two-dimensional cut and you have to make an assessment based on that okay so imaging is is important in that regard we have a lot of body cavities in which we're protecting certain parts of the human body we have a cavity up here called the cranial cavity in which the brain resides we have a cavity within the spinal column the vertebral canal in which the spinal cord is protected and both of those cases we have cerebrospinal fluid in which the brain and the spinal cord are just floating actually away from the bony surfaces and they're surrounded by connective tissues we have other cavities which are fairly enclosed for the heart and the lungs because of the importance of their functionality so we have ribs around the front in the back we have a sternum in the front so we have fairly good protection of the heart and the lungs we have somewhat of a protection for the kidneys because the kidneys are protected by the floating ribs of 11 and 12 okay the abdominal region is less protected so the anterior wall here is soft tissue but we do have some ribs in the back okay we do have a pelvis which if you go into the depths of the pelvis the female gonads and the the uterus as well as the bladder the urinary bladder are protected by the pelvic girdle right there okay we have division of things but I like to actually look at this sort of little tic-tac-toe illustration right here in which we've actually created this nine section box the nine section box has its nomenclature the central portion of which is the umbilicus if we're nearer up here near the stomach this was called the epigastric when were below the umbilicus were in the hypo gastric or pubic region when were near the ribs or just inside the ribs inside the body were called hypochondriac because Kandra Kandra is a reference to the ribs the chondral region so left hypochondriac right contract over here we have an inguinal or a iliac region right here is the top of your hips where you might balance your baby or your groceries that would be the iliac crest so left iliac sometimes it's also referred to in its depths as the left inguinal region over here we have the right iliac or right in widow region just the way you like it and you can see how do we find where to go for the appendix or any other sort of surgical intervention might be predicated on where we're looking or if there's a pain and we have to make a diagnostic assessment we can determine is this going to be if the pain is around here does that mean it's a a kidney stone and the answer is no kidney stones are in reference to the back of the body at the front of the body so anything in the abdominal cavity and through here that can be felt in the front that's gonna be digestive so those are the thoughts and that completes our chapter one and orientation to the human body