AP Human Geography Summary by Mr. Sin

Introduction

• Overview of all seven units of AP Human Geography.
• Video purpose: Quick review of highlights, not detailed teaching.
• Resource: Ultimate Review Packet for in-depth study.
• Community Support: Discord server for student interaction.

Unit 1: Geography Basics

Maps

• Types: Thematic, Reference, Map Projections.
• Distortion in maps (Mercator map example).
• GIS: Geographic Information Systems.
• Research: Qualitative vs. Quantitative.

Spatial Concepts

• Technology's impact on distance decay.
• Unique sense of place and cultural landscape.
• Environmental determinism vs. possibilism.

Scale

• Scale of analysis vs. scale.
• Small scale vs. large scale maps.

Regions

• Types: Functional, Perceptual, Formal regions.

Unit 2: Population and Migration

Population

• Distribution and density (arithmetic, physiological, agricultural).
• Vocabulary: CBR, CDR, NIR, sex ratios, dependency ratios.
• Population pyramids and Demographic Transition Model (DTM).

Demographic Transition Model

• Stages: Low growth to possible decline (Stage 5).
• Importance in understanding societal development.

Migration

• Push vs. pull factors, forced vs. voluntary migration.
• Ravenstein's Laws of Migration.
• Impact on diffusion and cultural change.

Unit 3: Culture

Cultural Understanding

• Cultural relativism vs. ethnocentrism.
• Cultural landscape analysis.

Diffusion

• Types: Relocation, Expansion (Hierarchical, Contagious, Stimulus).
• Historical diffusion: Colonialism, Imperialism, modern technology.
• Cultural resistance, acculturation, assimilation, and multiculturalism.

Religion and Language

• Universalizing vs. ethnic religions, impacts on landscape.
• Language families, dialects, and cultural impact.

Unit 4: Political Organization

Nations and States

• Nation vs. State, Nation-State, Multinational State.
• Political boundaries: Types and effects.

Power and Boundaries

• Unitary vs. Federal states, centripetal vs. centrifugal forces.
• Gerrymandering and voting district manipulation.

Sovereignty

• State sovereignty challenges by globalization and technology.
• Supranational organizations and effects on sovereignty.

Unit 5: Agriculture

Practices

• Intensive vs. Extensive agriculture.
• Subsistence vs. Commercial agriculture.
• Settlement patterns and survey methods.

Agricultural Revolutions

• First, Second, and Green Revolutions.
• Modern practices: Monocropping, organic farming.

Women's Role in Agriculture

• Women's involvement in subsistence farming and changing roles.

Unit 6: Urbanization

Urban Models

• Burgess, Hoyt, Harris-Alman, Galactic, Latin American City, etc.
• Density gradient and urban sprawl.

Infrastructure and Sustainability

• Investment in infrastructure promotes sustainable cities.
• Issues: Gentrification, segregation, urban policy challenges.

Unit 7: Globalization

Economic Sectors

• Primary, Secondary, Tertiary (Quaternary, Quinary).
• Changes in job distribution and international labor division.

Trade and Globalization

• Neoliberal policies, free trade, and isolationist resistance.
• Comparative advantage and economic measures (GDP, GNI, HDI).

Development Theories

• Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth.
• Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory and Dependency Theory.

Conclusion

• Importance of review for AP tests.
• Encouragement to use resources and study aids for exam preparation.
• Community support and continuous learning opportunities.