Overview
This lecture introduces algorithms, explains their importance in computer science, and compares algorithms to programs, highlighting key differences and uses.
Introduction to Algorithms
- Algorithms are essential in computer science and routinely appear in exams and programming contests.
- The subject can be challenging, requiring good logic and strategy development skills.
- The lecture aims to simplify algorithms and teach approaches to problem-solving.
Definition and Explanation of Algorithms
- An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a computational problem.
- Both algorithms and programs solve problems, but they differ in purpose and implementation.
Difference Between Algorithm and Program
- Algorithms are written during the design phase, while programs are created during the implementation phase of software development.
- Algorithms are typically written in plain English or mathematical notation, not tied to specific programming languages.
- Programs require a particular programming language (e.g., C, C++, Java, Python) and follow syntax rules.
- Algorithms are hardware and operating system independent; programs depend on both.
- After writing an algorithm, it is analyzed for efficiency in time and space; programs are tested by running them.
- Domain experts with knowledge of the problem often write algorithms, while programmers translate them into code.
Language and Usage of Algorithms
- Algorithms can be written in any understandable language, often using pseudo-English or mathematical expressions.
- C language is commonly used for writing algorithms, as most students and programmers are familiar with it.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Algorithm — A step-by-step procedure for solving a computational problem, written in plain language or notation.
- Program — A set of instructions coded in a programming language to implement an algorithm on a computer.
- Design Phase — The step in software development where algorithms are developed to outline solutions.
- Implementation Phase — The stage where algorithms are translated into executable computer code.
- Domain Knowledge — Understanding of the specific field for which a solution or software is being developed.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Follow the lecture sequence as numbered for a progressive understanding.
- Provide feedback on the lecture’s video and audio quality.
- Review differences between algorithms and programs carefully for exams.