Adaptation of the Griot Caste in Post-Colonial West Africa

Introduction to Griots

• Griots: keepers of historical knowledge, cultural traditions
• Roles: singers, musicians, poets, historians, orators
• Likened to a "live library"
• Historically low social rank but crucial societal functions

The Social Structure in Traditional West Africa

• Three-tiered structure: freeborn, artisans (including Griots), slaves
• Freeborn: rulers, nobility, commoners
• Artisans as castes: blacksmiths, jewelers, weavers, etc.
• Griots: special artisan caste

Griots: Masters of Words and Music

• Griots perform at ceremonies (birth, marriage, funerals)
• Functions: reciting history, singing, playing instruments
• Gender roles: male griots play instruments; females typically sing, dance

Caste System Debate

• Term "caste" debated; believed to be a European imposition
• Extent varies across ethnic groups

Origin of the Term 'Griot'

• Multiple hypotheses: French or Portuguese origin
• French: linked to "grelot" (rattle)
• Portuguese: linked to "criado" (servant)

Modern Role and Influence of Griots

• Post-colonial integration into government roles
• Became voice of the state; spread new ideologies
• Adaptation: integrating modern instruments, updating repertoires

Cultural Policy Transformations

• Modibo Keita, Skou Touré, Léopold Sédar Senghor: modernized cultural roles
• State sponsorship of music and orchestras
• Griots adapted traditional songs to praise modern leaders

Griots in Politics and Society

• Role expanded to political advisors, government spokespersons
• Connection with political parties, presidents
• Shift from traditional praise to addressing economic/social issues

Notable Griots and Contributions

• Salif Keita: known as "golden voice of Africa"
• Sira Mori Diabaté: highlighted social issues through music
• Ami Koita: modernized traditional music without political ties

Conclusion

• Griots face modern challenges: balancing tradition with modernity
• Still play a vital role in cultural and political discourse
• Regarded as significant cultural influencers in West African society

Key References

• Counsel G. (1997) on Griots as agents of social change
• Diawara M. (1996) on globalization's impact on Griots
• Tatarovskaya I.G. (2017 & 2019) on social and historical aspects of Griots
• Various works on the evolution and significance of the Griot tradition