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Griots: Cultural Keepers of West Africa

May 6, 2025

Adaptation of the Griot Caste in Post-Colonial West Africa

Introduction to Griots

  • Griots: keepers of historical knowledge, cultural traditions
  • Roles: singers, musicians, poets, historians, orators
  • Likened to a "live library"
  • Historically low social rank but crucial societal functions

The Social Structure in Traditional West Africa

  • Three-tiered structure: freeborn, artisans (including Griots), slaves
  • Freeborn: rulers, nobility, commoners
  • Artisans as castes: blacksmiths, jewelers, weavers, etc.
  • Griots: special artisan caste

Griots: Masters of Words and Music

  • Griots perform at ceremonies (birth, marriage, funerals)
  • Functions: reciting history, singing, playing instruments
  • Gender roles: male griots play instruments; females typically sing, dance

Caste System Debate

  • Term "caste" debated; believed to be a European imposition
  • Extent varies across ethnic groups

Origin of the Term 'Griot'

  • Multiple hypotheses: French or Portuguese origin
  • French: linked to "grelot" (rattle)
  • Portuguese: linked to "criado" (servant)

Modern Role and Influence of Griots

  • Post-colonial integration into government roles
  • Became voice of the state; spread new ideologies
  • Adaptation: integrating modern instruments, updating repertoires

Cultural Policy Transformations

  • Modibo Keita, Skou TourĂ©, LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor: modernized cultural roles
  • State sponsorship of music and orchestras
  • Griots adapted traditional songs to praise modern leaders

Griots in Politics and Society

  • Role expanded to political advisors, government spokespersons
  • Connection with political parties, presidents
  • Shift from traditional praise to addressing economic/social issues

Notable Griots and Contributions

  • Salif Keita: known as "golden voice of Africa"
  • Sira Mori DiabatĂ©: highlighted social issues through music
  • Ami Koita: modernized traditional music without political ties

Conclusion

  • Griots face modern challenges: balancing tradition with modernity
  • Still play a vital role in cultural and political discourse
  • Regarded as significant cultural influencers in West African society

Key References

  • Counsel G. (1997) on Griots as agents of social change
  • Diawara M. (1996) on globalization's impact on Griots
  • Tatarovskaya I.G. (2017 & 2019) on social and historical aspects of Griots
  • Various works on the evolution and significance of the Griot tradition