immunity this is in chapter 49 page 782. so here we're talking about um a is active immunity so talking about the pharmacokinetics when we're talking about active immunity we're talking about antibody production the patient's own antibody production okay that's active immunity so the pharmacokinetics agents formulated with live or attenuated meaning weakened or dead or dead microorganisms b is non-toxic recombinant those are basically dna molecules that are synthesized in a laboratory could be missing dna material the biggest take back that i want you to get is letter c okay for active stimulates the body's antibody production against specific microorganisms okay so our body is our own antibody production is being stimulated right to work against those microorganisms and it can happen in two ways it can happen naturally which is d that's our own production of our of our own antibodies during an actual infection or it can be artificial artificial being that of a toxoid or a vaccine so we vaccinate the patient and then our body starts producing the appropriate antibodies selected agents there's a list here of different types of toxoids or vaccinations you need to know the prototypes that are starred the generic names so the first one there is dtap which is the diphtheria tetanus pertussis vaccine that pertussis is really important uh pertussis is whooping cough i'm not i'm sure you guys have probably heard of this but whooping cough comes from the bordetella bacteria and that typically it infects our kiddos right our younger population kids and what happens is they'll have very uncontrollable violent cough they'll be very short of breath so they'll have dyspnia what this does is it actually damages the respiratory mucosa and it produces these toxins that paralyzes cilia and we know how important silly is right cilia helps move things out of the way right keeps her airway clear so if it paralyzes the cilia it actually impairs the respiratory clearance of these kids so pretty dangerous disease detox is very important and the other prototype listed there is a flu vaccine you know there's three different types there's two types of a1 type of b and then the other prototype listed there is the meningococcal vaccine which is for meningitis okay so those are the three prototypes you'll need to remember but you pretty much remember if it's some type of vaccine or toxoid that is an active antibody production okay that's active immunity so our bodies producing our own antibodies against the specific microorganism after we've been vaccinated so criteria for uses of agents agents provide immunity to disease and illness required time for body to develop antibodies so it does take time right so we're not given the injection now and all of a sudden we have it it takes time to actually produce those antibodies and then timelines for administration based on agent or disease and i mean once you get into peed you're gonna see the timelines for kids the vaccination schedule is um pretty detailed and in depth that's not something you'll have to memorize for this class but that's why we vaccinate at certain stages of life right so our kids have time to develop the antibodies and we aren't overwhelming them with all these vaccinations at once all right passive so with passive um immunity we're talking about passive being immunoglobulins so the pharmacokinetics of that so the difference we talked about active when we say passive passive is we're actually giving the antibodies to the patient right we're not waiting for the patient to develop them we're saying here you go and you have what you need now to fight off this bacteria or virus or whatever it is okay so pharmacokinetics so agents formulated with immunoglobulins from humans or animals b is it bypasses host immune system so important to remember is it provides the antibodies stat right they're not produced so our body is not waiting to produce these antibodies they're just given to us okay provides antibody stat so with this you're going to have a faster response and active immunity okay so passive immunity is a faster response and active immunity because we're not waiting on the body to develop their own antibodies so prevention of disease treatment faster than active again and there's different types so there's natural such as maternal passing right that would be via the breast milk um bloodstream via the placenta during pregnancy so that's how it would be passed from mother to infant right is via the blood the bloodstream via the placenta during pregnancy that would be an example of that and then artificial could be immunization or short-term immunoglobulin selected agents we have antivenom starred here that's one of your prototypes you need to remember so antivenin would give if a patient were to have a snake bite a spider bite maybe a scorpion bite um the next prototype start there is digoxin immune fab that would be for use to treat life-threatening overdose of digoxin so we're giving those to the patient right away we're not waiting for the patient to develop antibodies for it okay so the other starred prototype down there is rhod immunoglobulin which you probably know that as rhogam so rhogam is something that we give to an rh negative person who's exposed to rh positive blood so if we had an rh positive baby with mom who's pregnant with this baby and mama's rh negative what happens is an immune response can actually occur so if antibodies will if they cross that placenta it will attack the baby's red blood cells and it can cause a baby to develop anemia and even miscarry okay so um typically what happens is a first-time mommy who is rh negative wouldn't receive their rhogam or the rhod immunoglobulin until after they delivered that first baby okay and that would be if baby is rh positive if or actual subsequent bursts mommy would then receive the rhogam or rhod immunoglobulin around 20 to 30 weeks and then again after delivery so this is all just to prevent the baby being exposed to that rh negative blood and um developing antibodies that will actually cross a placenta and attack the baby's red blood cells and those are the three prototypes that you'll need to remember the rest of those there's listed for you so that you're aware of them but make sure you i'm really understand the prototypes there okay area for use of agents so agents provide treatment uh prevent disease illness with exposure um so they can be utilized for all types of different reasons and then provides hosts with antibodies for rapid response so remember again if we offer these immunoglobulins now we're giving them those antibodies we're not waiting for the patient to develop them themselves right so they're gonna have a much quicker response and then again timelines for administration based on agent or disease labs we're going to look at their cbc um titers we're going to draw and look at antigens and antibodies and then we're also going to blood type them right so especially for the rhogam we have to do blood typing to figure out what their type is and their rh factor if they're positive or negative cancer cancer is