Lecture Notes: The Epic of Gilgamesh

Key Topics Discussed

• Introduction to The Epic of Gilgamesh
• Discussion on the significance of the epic in world literature
• Examination of major themes and characters

The Epic of Gilgamesh

Overview

• Oldest surviving work of literature: Dates back to ancient Mesopotamia.
• Epic Poem: Composed in the Akkadian language.
• Literary Importance: Offers insights into early human civilization and mythology.

Major Themes

• Friendship: Explores deep friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu.
• Mortality: Central theme highlighting human mortality.
• The Quest for Immortality: Gilgamesh's journey to understand life and death.
• The Role of the Gods: Interaction between humans and divine beings.

Characters

• Gilgamesh: King of Uruk; two-thirds god and one-third human.
• Enkidu: Wild man created by the gods to counterbalance Gilgamesh.
• Utnapishtim: Survivor of a great flood, granted immortality.

Literary Devices

• Symbolism: Dreams, journeys, and divine interventions as symbolic elements.
• Imagery: Vivid descriptions bringing ancient Mesopotamian culture to life.

Cultural and Historical Context

• Ancient Mesopotamia: Setting of the epic, highlighting Sumerian culture.
• Influence on Later Texts: Parallels with biblical stories like Noah's Ark.

Study and Discussion Questions

• How does Gilgamesh's character evolve throughout the epic?
• What is the significance of Enkidu's death in the narrative?
• How do the themes of The Epic of Gilgamesh relate to modern life?

Conclusion

• Enduring Legacy: The Epic of Gilgamesh remains a foundational text in literature.
• Relevance Today: Continues to be studied for its universal themes and historical insights.