Historical Lecture Recap

hello everybody um while I wait for an individual to join our live Zoom and may just reiterate um what is due the end of this week we do have the short research assignment on the movie oh there we go I went ahead and I was just reminding everybody um what the assignment is due the end of this week on the Patriot with Mel Gibson today is Wednesday that will be due Friday by 10 pm and I will have um I mean it&#39;s sort of self-grading but I am going to go over those on Saturday and I&#39;m going to comment on those um in an email sometime during the weekend all right so let&#39;s get going I want to make sure um Sandy can you can you see the screen okay we&#39;re all good we are ready to fly all right so we ended Monday&#39;s lecture on looking at I&#39;m gonna come back real quick is that here the attack on candidate which was unsuccessful we talked about um working towards the independence declaration so I added just a little bit of content here before we look directly at that at this time um Benjamin Franklin is in Great Britain this is a picture of him being basically slammed by the solicitor general of parliament um it is said that Ben Franklin walked into this he took an hour-long beating basically verbally that he was considered a Rebel Rouser and that they considered him to be an agitator in the colonies agitating um problems and when he walked out of this he said he walked in as a British citizen when he walked out he felt now he was a patriot all right so Ben Franklin is going to leave Great Britain and he&#39;s going to return to the United well return to the colonies sorry return to the colonies and begin work with the Continental Congress now there are a few things that helped convince a few more people to join the cause if he will and one of them was the British government hiring Hessians to add more soldiers into the colonies now the Hessians earned their name from a hessia territory in the Germanic states that did Supply mercenaries all right Soldiers of Fortune if you will for governments for higher not all of the soldiers in the Hessian group were considered Hessian so this was just the name that was applied and of course here you can see their uniforms and as we know uniforms for the Colonials will become a problem because you don&#39;t really have a standard set of uniforms at the moment nor will we be for a while now in the research project there will be a question about uniforms for by the British that will require a little bit of work but it is inaccurate in the movie okay all right now the Hessians under the leadership of Captain Johann erwalt had a rather negative um what should I call this uh their reputation their character um was feared about at least over 16 000 of them have been deployed to the colonies um many of them were involved in most major battles but they were also well known for their raping and pillaging and so when Colonials found out that the British were actually utilizing Hessian soldiers um in the colonies this this did not settle well with them okay at all and also the writings of Thomas Paine in his 40 seven page pamphlet although to me that&#39;s like a mini book right but his pamphlet Common Sense where he is addressing quote the common people with pretty straightforward um latent dislike of Great Britain and it is the first print document actually advocating for Independence now what is interesting is that Thomas Paine was not from the colonies he was not a colonial he was he had just arrived in the colonies from Great Britain about 15 months before he wrote Common Sense so Thomas Paine already had issues about the British government before he even got to the colonies some historians have argued that Thomas Paine was actually utilizing um sort of the foment that was happening in the colonies as a way to address some of his own personal issues towards the British government not all historians feel that way but since you know he&#39;d only been there for 15 months you know he felt pretty strongly about the colonists demanding Independence he also attacked the philosophy of John Locke John Locke believing that governments were instituted by the people for the people and they had to answer to the people but John Locke was also a supporter of constitutional monarchy which Thomas Paine was not advocating for he was advocating for a strict representational democracy all right um was his pamphlet full of bats no but that wasn&#39;t the point of the pamphlet the point of the pamphlet wasn&#39;t about to educate people about the facts it was to get an emotional response all right so I know this is my personal opinion I like to consider Common Sense sort of one of the first tabloids that were produced in the colony stick because really that&#39;s what this was about it was about getting you all fired up all right have to be accurate that wasn&#39;t the point all right but this this was an influential piece of writing and it did convince some people who were sitting on the fence to move over to a colonial cause for Independence right all right now like what I said on Monday why write the Declaration of Independence is because governments function by receiving International recognition from other countries that you are a legitimate government and this was the case even back here in 1775 1776 this was still the case you wanted to receive from other countries does your recognition does your recognition means that other countries governments recognize you as a legitimate government of your country the other type of recognition is de facto now de facto representation just will recognition just means that I recognize that you are in power but I do not recognize that you are a legitimate government I&#39;m going to give you an example when Israel was created in 1949 um and the vote went up in front of the United Nations the United States granted it deserve recognition that it was a legitimate government that they would do business with the Soviet Union on the other hand did not recognize it as a legitimate government and just referred to it as a de facto government which means you may have people in power there but you&#39;re not really a formal government um which is really just shy of saying you&#39;re not really an official country so the United States gave does your recognition to Israel but Burma today referred to as Myanmar but we didn&#39;t United States didn&#39;t refer to it as Myanmar for a very long time because referred to as Burma what happens there was a military coup there the United States refused to recognize that military coup leadership as a legitimate government so for the United States still recognize the country is Burma and only gave it de facto recognition so little political science lesson today but this is important it&#39;s extremely important for why the Declaration of Independence is written it is written to receive does your recognition particularly from those countries that the Colonials were seeking as allies mostly France so I&#39;m creating this document for you and I want you to see why here my is my reasoning why we should be recognized as a legitimate government which then recognizes us as a legitimate country okay all right just kind of important will this appear on a test yes it will okay all right at the same time that we&#39;re working on this we also need to come up with a flag you gotta have a flag okay remember the pirate stuff you gotta have a flag if you&#39;re not flying of recognized country&#39;s flag oh see once again one of the reasons why you need does your recognition you also have to have a flag representing your country you&#39;re not flying a country&#39;s flag your part okay you&#39;re a free Booter although what I find um interesting is that during the Revolutionary War um Continental Congress actually doesn&#39;t call pirates pirates anymore I call them something else we&#39;ll get to call them something else and just set them loose on British ships after the war is over oh I&#39;m sorry that&#39;s called pirating now and you can&#39;t do that anymore but during the war it was cool okay gotta have a flag otherwise you&#39;re a pirate ship that&#39;s one two the other reason why you have to have a flag is because individuals on board will be treated differently okay the British articles of War have very strict rules that govern Behavior um sorry you turn my phone on okay I think I was a little worried about the sound earlier um we had a little issue with sound that doesn&#39;t affect anybody here but um do you ever have issues please let me know all right the second reason because of the British articles of War it is becoming necessary that if you&#39;re flying the flag of your country Sailors soldiers okay on board that ship are going to be treated differently than Pirates Okay so I&#39;m a British frigate I pull up next to you you&#39;re flying a flag now technically I don&#39;t recognize you as a separate country so I can treat you like Pirates if I want but say you&#39;re Spanish that pulls up oh look we&#39;ve got a flag of a country you say you belong to your prisoners of War basically I treat you differently so having a flag is super super important now the first flag of the colonists to resemble our current flag was the Grand Union flag and it looks like this it&#39;s sometimes called the Congress colors um decided to keep the 13 stripes all right and of course it had the symbol of Saint George and Saint Andrew that was used on the Union Jack um by by the British but it did become the standard by 1776. so original flight the Continental Congress passed a resolution that established the Stars and Stripes that had been used in various forms on June 14 1777. but the problem is they didn&#39;t specify a specific Arrangement so you could basically use your stars and stripes you know stars in any sort of pattern you wanted all right we&#39;re just going to use Stars and Stripes but we didn&#39;t really set a pattern now there is some issues about the Betsy Ross story um most of that is not necessarily very accurate and did Betsy Ross um create the first American flag with the Stars in a circle that cannot be 100 accurately plural thoughts improving um because there were many flags that were used Betsy Ross would not have been the first person to create that flag but it was Betsy Ross um was she a flag maker well she was a seamstress did she make a like yes yes she did probably um but for now we will just sort of not do the is that true or not true history and we&#39;ll continue on with development of our flag all right so Captain Samuel Reed of the United States Navy all right really basically said um suggested to the Continental Congress that the stripes remained 13. okay um for the original 13 colonies and that the Stars be added into such a pattern that is new states are added right and just going across then you would have to change um just a little question current flag has 50 stars on it just in case you didn&#39;t know um Puerto Rico does not have a star because Puerto Rico has yet to vote for Statehood so they would be the 51st state if they ever did and you would have to make adjustments to the flag because you would have to add another star right now they are just a territory held by the United States um just Puerto Ricans are American citizens um but they are territory and not an official state so right now still 50. um the last star was added to the flag in 1960 for the state of Hawaii okay so 1960 we&#39;ve got our 50 stars all right so basically um Washington agreed that you know keep the stripes in the right place and then we will start to see the stars added in formality now what&#39;s interesting in the movie The Patriot is you see that we see the flags used in different ways Okay so all right we have to have a flag all right so our Declaration of Independence has been issued Thomas Jefferson listing um the reasons why and then a list of user patients um proof of why we need to separate from Great Britain and why we need to set up our own government right that&#39;s been issued and of course then we&#39;re going to have this is I mean it&#39;s you have to admit that&#39;s pretty bold because one of the things that we see is huge differences between Great Britain and I&#39;m going to say the USA so I don&#39;t have to keep saying colonies all the time of military might resources all right um so the British army well disciplined um the rather inefficient in North America and ill-directed because one of the things Great Britain didn&#39;t do is they didn&#39;t throw their entire military might into the sport one in Great Britain it wasn&#39;t necessarily popular to be attacking British subjects so pris you&#39;re walking on eggshells all right um so there was a reluctance for a full-scale war that could result in a lot of Bloodshed of British citizens um and this is really critical because this will be the same issue we will have for the war of 1812. Great Britain had powerful enemies on the continent and they didn&#39;t want to leave their back door opened right France when we get to the War of 1812 Cindy or Napoleon is going to be a huge concern for Great Britain and they definitely don&#39;t want to throw their full might in North America and leave that back door open for Napoleon Okay so you know apparently it&#39;s like I can&#39;t send my full force is over there so Britain actually approached so doing the Rebellion gingerly as word was used back then okay okay but what about the colonists and Americans well um didn&#39;t have a lot of money all right didn&#39;t have a lot of tools of War a lot of supply issues once again we&#39;re going to now that we&#39;ve done the Declaration of Independence and we had Benjamin Franklin there to help us we are now going to send Benjamin Franklin to France as an ambassador to try to see if we can get France to join in all right that was Benjamin Franklin&#39;s huge task um didn&#39;t have any uniforms every state will Colonial Colonial grouping had their militia uniforms that you provided for yourself right um Federal government&#39;s not stepping in and issuing everything that you need you have to bring your own stuff and some militias were better stuck than others all right um and I&#39;m sorry the British were ripe about seven years old um the American militias didn&#39;t care much for military discipline like don&#39;t tell me what to do okay that&#39;s a problem and poor sanitary conditions something the British had already noticed before okay so just briefly um some of these poor pant sanitation issues just plays into a bunch of diseases that already existed here in the colonies can I give you some so you realize that when you watch all those fancy movies from the time period like oh I&#39;m sorry The Patriot everyone seems to be just all clean and happy and no no that&#39;s just not that&#39;s not what it was like at all so one disease called everything that caused you to itch was called the itch what was this positive agent I don&#39;t know I just have the itch so everything was the itch it could be Grocer&#39;s itch this happened when you ran um small Grocery and you had your flour and sugar and large bins and so people would come in and ask for a small you know bag full and you would stick your hand down in there to scoop it out well those bins are interested with mites and so every time you stick your arm down then there eventually those mics then crawl up under your skin you know subcutaneously and you would get an infection of those mites into your forearms and that was referred to as Grocers itch so most Grocers had some type of Mite infestation okay that sounds that sounds great you could also become milk sick this is what is believed to have killed um Abraham Lincoln&#39;s biological mother not not vampires right I I know that um Abraham Lincoln the vampire slayer that&#39;s a very popular movie and his mom was taken up by vampires but that didn&#39;t really happen um she was taken out by drinking contaminated milk so we know that cows eating a particular plant that&#39;s toxic gets into their milk supply you milk the cow and you drink that milk you&#39;re poisoning yourself with the same Toxin and so they call this milk sickness and they believe that is how Abraham Lincoln&#39;s mother passed away um if you&#39;re curious it&#39;s it&#39;s the white snake root plant for those of you who are botanists that&#39;s the plant you do not want your cows to be eating right so you can get milk sick that&#39;s one of the reasons why drinking milk is not terribly popular you could get the Quincy okay get the Quincy which is basically tonsillitis that&#39;s what they called it all right so um you know don&#39;t have modern day antibiotics the tonsils can become you know seriously affected and create abscesses in the throat which then could you know in some cases take you out so the Quincy and scarlettina um scarlet fever usually referred to as scarlettina but people think that this doesn&#39;t exist anymore um it does it is still here it&#39;s just that it&#39;s easily treated with antibiotics um my daughters when she was young she got chickenpox back in the back in the old days before we had you know the old vaccine for Chickenpox she got chickenpox and she was doing so much scratching that uh she allowed the positive agent for scarlet fever to get inside and she started scratching and I kind of noticed that might she has scarlet fever so I took her to the doctor like oh scarlet fever we hardly ever see that but it was scarlet fever scarlet fever just so you know it has a very distinctive type of rash it looks like a rash but when you go to touch it it feels like sandpaper so that is a tall tale sign that you have scarlettina is because your rash feels like you know sandpaper and that&#39;s how you can tell so it&#39;s still with us today and we just don&#39;t see it as often because it&#39;s easily treated all right but no such treatment for scarlatina back in the day so and it&#39;s contagious so scarlet fever will still be a problem up until the Advent of you know medications which we didn&#39;t have um we didn&#39;t have Penicillin until World War II just just gave people an idea of a time frame here all right and the scrum box scrum boxes impetigo now you can see why I&#39;m bringing up some of these here towards the end because if you&#39;re leading an army and your soldiers are at camp you can see where some of these conditions scarlet fever scrum box all right the impetigo highly contagious um pustural disease of the skin um these become issues for you you know your soldiers and then of course our big ones typhus all right which is usually a disease of armies it&#39;s a disease of dirt um this is the disease it&#39;s going to take out Napoleon&#39;s troops when he goes into the regions of Poland and Russia during the Napoleonic Wars typhoid is a disease of water right so type is a disease of poor Plant sanitation right dirty uniforms um the lives start biting you and they contain the causative agent and well then you&#39;re sick and of course last but not least what we looked at before if you watch the stuff about Bacon&#39;s Rebellion um the bloody flux that&#39;s the term they used um during Civil War we will see there&#39;ll be all sorts of terms used um the turkey turkey trots for diarrhea that&#39;s I know you can see the world I&#39;m sorry but it&#39;s true the word trots has still stayed with us with the bloody flux refers to dysentery all right another problematic disease for cities and already is on the Move okay all right so there you go all right we&#39;ll talk about one here in a minute oh and cholera another disease of water all right Swiss well let&#39;s have a look at that okay so you see um I did include a video for you to watch on General um on Steuben Washington brought him in from the Prussian Army to try to teach some discipline and Camp sanitation issues all right because these are all serious problems that Washington&#39;s but none of this has to do with the Great Britain or actual fighting Washington steps in and he&#39;s like oh for holy cow how can I have soldiers who are you know ready for the battlefield when we&#39;re admired in all of these disease issues in Camp sanitation so these are the first things that he jumps on hand sanitation he also dealt pretty directly with the issue of smallpox um he and I know this is probably it&#39;s a contentious oh my gosh this is it this is a contentious issue today um idea of vaccinations but George Washington did order his troops as best he could to receive the variation which was the word for then to combat smallpox and Jenner had already discovered that by putting a small amount of cow pox under your skin all right would give you for the most part immunity against smallpox which was much more dangerous cowpox just made you sick for a little while it was also called milkmaid sickness but close enough that if you&#39;ve got the cow pox um you did not get smallpox which was a much more deadly disease so he did require soldiers as best they could to get this cowpox treatment developed by Jenner so that he didn&#39;t have to deal with smallpox outbreaks amongst his troops all right and he also had to deal with sexually transmitted infections namely gonorrhea and syphilis um groups of females would follow the military units around um they would do cooking for them they would do laundry um but they could also provide other services and Washington wasn&#39;t terribly happy about this um prostitution going on and even if there weren&#39;t females following the camp some soldiers would sneak out of Camp if they were closer to a larger City and they would visit Broncos in fact during this time period if you&#39;re you were stationed close enough to New York City you went to this brothel District which at the time was referred to as Holy Ground so facility said I think it&#39;s time to go to Holy Ground and you know what they meant once again no real treatment for these conditions and so it was such a common problem that Washington began deducting pay if a soldier turned up infected as a punishment so like uh looks like you kind of got maybe some syphilis going on right there uh yeah well docking your page for that Soldier all right okay so just want to throw that in there and also I put this picture here and I haven&#39;t downloaded them I haven&#39;t put the video clip up yet but I&#39;ll do that today this is a picture of Washington Crossing the Delaware um this is a nice romanticized version of how that really happened I will show you a video clip from Drunk History on how it really didn&#39;t go as well as this picture shows but here in this picture you can see where they&#39;re using the stars in a circular motion this is not obviously a painting done in the time period but this is a later romanticized rendition okay all right now moving aside from cam sanitation discipline physicality and disease we do have problems because not everyone is United you know once again on this issue of going to war with Great Britain um there are many supporters still of Great Britain you know they&#39;re known as the Tories after the war some remained in the United States but some Tories actually returned to Great Britain or moved to Canada even though because Great Britain was in control of Canada so we still had people sitting on both sides of the fence however the Battle of Saratoga in 1777 was a huge victory all right um 5700 British soldiers were captured um gentleman Johnny as he was known in Great Britain general um we&#39;re going known for his philandering right this was a huge defeat for him but this is what got France&#39;s attention right so this Victory France is like well maybe they might be able to do something here so with the Battle of Saratoga France finally told Benjamin Franklin all right we&#39;ll jump in because you know we&#39;re no friends at Great Britain and this would be great well this will be beneficial for us but what the American Revolution is going to do for France if it&#39;s going to break their bank right it&#39;s going to devastate them financially which will lead to their own French Revolution down the road so throwing that out there thank you yeah France begins to show up um particularly with supplies like you know Munitions that we desperately need um and the Colonials have been fighting a guerrilla warfare type tactic um the British tend to use the ordered Mass scene of musket fire I&#39;m not going to talk too much about that because I asked you about this on your assignment for Friday where they stand in line shoot fall back reload stand up shoot fall back reload okay and this is just the way you do it it has reasons why they engage in that Americans did not necessarily engage in that type of warfare wasn&#39;t practical but also they had learned different types of strategies from their indigenous neighbors right so children are out there all right so France is in but in 1778 a nasty winter hits forces get bogged down in Valley Forge and it is usually our misconception that this was pain and suffering for everybody um people were chewing on their boots because there was no food the experiences of soldiers at Valley Forge had a lot to do with where you came from if you came from a militia that was not well stocked that was poor you suffered at Valley Forge if you came from a militia from a colony that was better stocked you had better supplies this winter didn&#39;t affect you that much you had food all right and you could build a better shelter so Valley Portage actually is a giant sort of Hill and I probably could have put a pitch here sits on a big hill overlooking sort of this Round Valley and everybody kind of plotted themselves wherever they wanted so you could go from one section where everybody say here has fuel to burn and food to eat and then maybe 200 yards away here you have this one militia they&#39;re starving and they&#39;re suffering frostbite and exposure so remember this isn&#39;t something that Continental Congress has allotted for they&#39;re not providing you with Federal relief or you know save your supplies like an MRE that&#39;s just not happening so Valley Forge was difficult for some that is difficult for others all right we can&#39;t hit every battle we can&#39;t look at everything we don&#39;t have the time to do that but the Patriot um follows around a character by the name of Benjamin Martin now Benjamin Martin is kind of a conglomerate of several revolutionary war heroes um but mostly based upon Francis Marion known as the Swamp Fox right um and mayor I believe that Martin is known as the ghost um Mel Gibson&#39;s character is very much out of sync for the time period particularly um his association with people of color in the movie that is not how things functioned in the time period and it definitely wasn&#39;t how things functioned with Francis Marion all right you get to a question that&#39;s asking you about Francis Marion you might want to do a little research on him it won&#39;t be that hard to realize that Francis Marion and Benjamin Martin very different people okay um Battle of calpins in 1781 this is also going to be a another victory and then we have some people whose names kind of stand out to us historically like Major Andre and Benedict Arnold um I also have a joke history clip of Benedict Arnold I you know what I should just load all those because they&#39;re very interesting Benedict Arnold not too bad unsuccessful in Canada he thought he deserved a promotion when you kind of didn&#39;t but his wife was agitating him to like demand he did not treated right well you know I guess this guy under his skin and Benedict Arnold decided that he was going to give military documents to the British um great okay so let&#39;s let&#39;s add Major Andre in here Major Andre did not take advice from his superiors to remain in his uniform while he delivered documents he changed into civilian clothes and he was captured oh now Benedict Arnold will also be captured at one point um but later he will be able to move to Great Britain where he died sad um Major Andre his his debate was a little bit different if you are a soldier in this time period and you are out of uniform and you are performing military duties you are considered a spy spies or hanged there was a trial those are courts if your officer it didn&#39;t matter if you were out of uniform and you were conducting military business you were considered a spy and you were hanged Major Andre caught out of uniform he was aimed now he had been caught in uniform as an officer he would have been just considered a prisoner of war and his life would have been spared now this is this is Major Andre um British soldier this is also going to happen to an American or Colonial and in fact this individual who had been a school teacher had decided that he was going to run information out of uniform and he was captured by the British he will be hanged as a spy his statue stands in front of the Central Intelligence Agency back in Washington DC he&#39;s considered the First Colonial spy who gave his life for his country you know his name it&#39;s on my next slide Nathan Hale so statute of Nathan Hale is in front of the CIA offices it was American officer caught out of uniform doing military business and he was hanged as a spy and of course the CIA you know kind of a spy agency so of course this is why they put a statue of Nathan Hale up in front and of course Nathan Hale the person who said I regret that I have but what One Life to give to my country okay Nathan Hale all right don&#39;t be caught out of uniform doing military business in this time period all right Deborah Sampson you have some stuff to read about her all right a female who pretended to be male to join movement and of course there&#39;s actually a book out you could read called the female Marine okay so I&#39;ll put that out there all right got a few minutes left let&#39;s finish this war and you&#39;re like what yeah we only get maybe two class periods tops to finish all of this material all right so the Revolutionary War is going to end with the Treaty of Paris of 1783. um Cornwallis has been forced to surrender at Yorktown Washington had tricked him into thinking um you know troop movements were different Cornwallis on actually thought that he was going to get some reinforcements that never showed up so he kind of panicked and he capitulated and he he gave up okay okay so France has been our allies but France it to a certain point you can have your Independence but we don&#39;t want you moving West oh okay prices interest still and of course Napoleon&#39;s gonna you&#39;re gonna get control of portions of the Midwest there from Spain all right so yeah there&#39;s some yeah there&#39;s some stuff going on here um part of the treaty was an agreement Great Britain would release any claim to the Ohio territory which would leave that open for France again huh the British may have surrendered but they did not leave that&#39;s important the British are going to maintain troops along remember that Proclamation line of 17 um 63. they&#39;re going to maintain some outposts with military personnel along that boundary line so when we look at the War of 1812 some of those British troops are already still here yeah so some argue oh my goodness sorry so some people are going to argue that the Revolutionary War really didn&#39;t end until the war of 1812. but there was just sort of this quiet period while the United States developed but the war itself not really finished so it&#39;s an interesting Prospect Benjamin Franklin and John Jay um working out the treaty um with Great Britain so what did all this mean well there&#39;s a lot of bickering going on um France is not quite back in his the way we thought they would at the end of the war so let&#39;s have a quick pick sorry oh I put this on here yes there are African-Americans that fought in the War about five thousand to be exact there is a lot of issue on whether were they going to be granted their freedom that&#39;s not necessarily true Washington never wanted to use African Americans um armed African-Americans in battle at one point he allows it to a certain degree but there was never any policy whatsoever that was granting African-Americans freedom for serving in militias I believe you actually have a small scene that you will be watching on the assignment that addresses that issue okay but Massachusetts colony will be the first to actually formally outlaw slavery in 1783 after the war is over right okay we&#39;re going back all right so Treaty of Paris really quick Great Britain had to recognize American independence set boundaries um later on there will be a little argument about these boundaries and the United States will lose the map Great Britain you have the original and the Americans tried to fake what the boundaries were and actually gave more territory to the British than what they actually had in the beginning so we&#39;ll get to that kind of a funny moment in history you can imagine the British were just laughing all the way to their new new territories this is between Canada and the United States this gave the U.S the right to North American Fisheries that&#39;s a big one right um the evacuation of British troops and Naval forces from American territories not stuck towards the West right because that you don&#39;t own that right the Continental Army disbands right it&#39;s not a permanent military force um some land redistribution was given for Tories who decided to leave the country took their tariff land um Ben Franklin during the same time period invented bifocal classes oh well okay there was a 211 000 drop in population now so this was due to war deaths um but a lot of this was due to loyalist pleing okay the Tories going back to Canada and um England all right so 1783 War is Over treaties established George Washington creates the Society of Cincinnati which doesn&#39;t go over very well with some people this is a private men&#39;s club By Invitation Only and only those who were in the upper echelons of power or business well to do trades person were allowed into this Society um some people found this extremely offensive with the United States just bought this big battle for representational democracy and here you&#39;re forming this private Men&#39;s Club of only Rich students all right need to have a working document of how now is the government going to be structured they started arguing as early as 1777 before the war was even over about how this would look and so they had begun working on the Articles of Confederation and this is what we&#39;ll look at next week we will look at the Articles of Confederation and what some of those problems were and why it didn&#39;t work um technically this would be a league of friendship between states but there would be no federal government that had any authority to tax to raise an army or to regulate commerce these are all going to be huge problems and how then is voting done each state has one vote now people that each state would have one vote that&#39;s kind of the early Articles of Confederation now I&#39;m going to ask you a question before we go here everybody think about this who is the first president of the United States see classic answer George Washington it is not George Washington you know if I&#39;m going to ask that question you know that oh she&#39;s almost got it almost got it she got his name I&#39;m reading your lips because I can&#39;t hear you but I forgot I forgot it was from the last um class wasn&#39;t it I just can&#39;t remember his name ready yeah it&#39;s in John Hanson was technically the first president of the United States He is the first president under the Articles of Confederation so and of course the United States because he had actually been president of Continental Congress at one point which is interesting that they put here on the stamp president Continental Congress he was actually a president of the United States wasn&#39;t he the one that was appointed by another country um not appointed by another country he was appointed by the Continental Congress to take on that role and the role would be moved around you only served for two years under the Articles Confederation president&#39;s President office was every two years he&#39;s just the first he&#39;s not the only one to have served as president under the articles but he&#39;s the first but it was a big burst because he created the presidential seal right an eagle um arrows you know in the talons this is a Iroquois Confederacy symbol um under the Iroquois um Constitution those symbols because it&#39;s much harder to break a bundle of sticks than to break one stick a little bit different in the presidential seal but that&#39;s the same thing holding those items there is much more difficult to break those than other arrows to break those as a bundle into being you know a single entity so that is added as our presidential seal so we still use that today it&#39;s a John Hanson thing and the Postal Service formalized postal service was created by John Hanson okay there we go for today all right so next week we are going to see why the Articles of Confederation failed and we will be looking at the creation of the Constitution and I will be asking some questions because there&#39;s some basic things that we should all know right okay Friday and then get ready for next week okay everybody have a great weekend I heard it&#39;s supposed to be nice this weekend I&#39;m hoping so get your assignment done early so you can have some time off all right everybody see you later

hello everybody um while I wait for an individual to join our live Zoom and may just reiterate um what is due the end of this week we do have the short research assignment on the movie oh there we go I went ahead and I was just reminding everybody um what the assignment is due the end of this week on the Patriot with Mel Gibson today is Wednesday that will be due Friday by 10 pm and I will have um I mean it&amp;#39;s sort of self-grading but I am going to go over those on Saturday and I&amp;#39;m going to comment on those um in an email sometime during the weekend all right so let&amp;#39;s get going I want to make sure um Sandy can you can you see the screen okay we&amp;#39;re all good we are ready to fly all right so we ended Monday&amp;#39;s lecture on looking at I&amp;#39;m gonna come back real quick is that here the attack on candidate which was unsuccessful we talked about um working towards the independence declaration so I added just a little bit of content here before we look directly at that at this time um Benjamin Franklin is in Great Britain this is a picture of him being basically slammed by the solicitor general of parliament um it is said that Ben Franklin walked into this he took an hour-long beating basically verbally that he was considered a Rebel Rouser and that they considered him to be an agitator in the colonies agitating um problems and when he walked out of this he said he walked in as a British citizen when he walked out he felt now he was a patriot all right so Ben Franklin is going to leave Great Britain and he&amp;#39;s going to return to the United well return to the colonies sorry return to the colonies and begin work with the Continental Congress now there are a few things that helped convince a few more people to join the cause if he will and one of them was the British government hiring Hessians to add more soldiers into the colonies now the Hessians earned their name from a hessia territory in the Germanic states that did Supply mercenaries all right Soldiers of Fortune if you will for governments for higher not all of the soldiers in the Hessian group were considered Hessian so this was just the name that was applied and of course here you can see their uniforms and as we know uniforms for the Colonials will become a problem because you don&amp;#39;t really have a standard set of uniforms at the moment nor will we be for a while now in the research project there will be a question about uniforms for by the British that will require a little bit of work but it is inaccurate in the movie okay all right now the Hessians under the leadership of Captain Johann erwalt had a rather negative um what should I call this uh their reputation their character um was feared about at least over 16 000 of them have been deployed to the colonies um many of them were involved in most major battles but they were also well known for their raping and pillaging and so when Colonials found out that the British were actually utilizing Hessian soldiers um in the colonies this this did not settle well with them okay at all and also the writings of Thomas Paine in his 40 seven page pamphlet although to me that&amp;#39;s like a mini book right but his pamphlet Common Sense where he is addressing quote the common people with pretty straightforward um latent dislike of Great Britain and it is the first print document actually advocating for Independence now what is interesting is that Thomas Paine was not from the colonies he was not a colonial he was he had just arrived in the colonies from Great Britain about 15 months before he wrote Common Sense so Thomas Paine already had issues about the British government before he even got to the colonies some historians have argued that Thomas Paine was actually utilizing um sort of the foment that was happening in the colonies as a way to address some of his own personal issues towards the British government not all historians feel that way but since you know he&amp;#39;d only been there for 15 months you know he felt pretty strongly about the colonists demanding Independence he also attacked the philosophy of John Locke John Locke believing that governments were instituted by the people for the people and they had to answer to the people but John Locke was also a supporter of constitutional monarchy which Thomas Paine was not advocating for he was advocating for a strict representational democracy all right um was his pamphlet full of bats no but that wasn&amp;#39;t the point of the pamphlet the point of the pamphlet wasn&amp;#39;t about to educate people about the facts it was to get an emotional response all right so I know this is my personal opinion I like to consider Common Sense sort of one of the first tabloids that were produced in the colony stick because really that&amp;#39;s what this was about it was about getting you all fired up all right have to be accurate that wasn&amp;#39;t the point all right but this this was an influential piece of writing and it did convince some people who were sitting on the fence to move over to a colonial cause for Independence right all right now like what I said on Monday why write the Declaration of Independence is because governments function by receiving International recognition from other countries that you are a legitimate government and this was the case even back here in 1775 1776 this was still the case you wanted to receive from other countries does your recognition does your recognition means that other countries governments recognize you as a legitimate government of your country the other type of recognition is de facto now de facto representation just will recognition just means that I recognize that you are in power but I do not recognize that you are a legitimate government I&amp;#39;m going to give you an example when Israel was created in 1949 um and the vote went up in front of the United Nations the United States granted it deserve recognition that it was a legitimate government that they would do business with the Soviet Union on the other hand did not recognize it as a legitimate government and just referred to it as a de facto government which means you may have people in power there but you&amp;#39;re not really a formal government um which is really just shy of saying you&amp;#39;re not really an official country so the United States gave does your recognition to Israel but Burma today referred to as Myanmar but we didn&amp;#39;t United States didn&amp;#39;t refer to it as Myanmar for a very long time because referred to as Burma what happens there was a military coup there the United States refused to recognize that military coup leadership as a legitimate government so for the United States still recognize the country is Burma and only gave it de facto recognition so little political science lesson today but this is important it&amp;#39;s extremely important for why the Declaration of Independence is written it is written to receive does your recognition particularly from those countries that the Colonials were seeking as allies mostly France so I&amp;#39;m creating this document for you and I want you to see why here my is my reasoning why we should be recognized as a legitimate government which then recognizes us as a legitimate country okay all right just kind of important will this appear on a test yes it will okay all right at the same time that we&amp;#39;re working on this we also need to come up with a flag you gotta have a flag okay remember the pirate stuff you gotta have a flag if you&amp;#39;re not flying of recognized country&amp;#39;s flag oh see once again one of the reasons why you need does your recognition you also have to have a flag representing your country you&amp;#39;re not flying a country&amp;#39;s flag your part okay you&amp;#39;re a free Booter although what I find um interesting is that during the Revolutionary War um Continental Congress actually doesn&amp;#39;t call pirates pirates anymore I call them something else we&amp;#39;ll get to call them something else and just set them loose on British ships after the war is over oh I&amp;#39;m sorry that&amp;#39;s called pirating now and you can&amp;#39;t do that anymore but during the war it was cool okay gotta have a flag otherwise you&amp;#39;re a pirate ship that&amp;#39;s one two the other reason why you have to have a flag is because individuals on board will be treated differently okay the British articles of War have very strict rules that govern Behavior um sorry you turn my phone on okay I think I was a little worried about the sound earlier um we had a little issue with sound that doesn&amp;#39;t affect anybody here but um do you ever have issues please let me know all right the second reason because of the British articles of War it is becoming necessary that if you&amp;#39;re flying the flag of your country Sailors soldiers okay on board that ship are going to be treated differently than Pirates Okay so I&amp;#39;m a British frigate I pull up next to you you&amp;#39;re flying a flag now technically I don&amp;#39;t recognize you as a separate country so I can treat you like Pirates if I want but say you&amp;#39;re Spanish that pulls up oh look we&amp;#39;ve got a flag of a country you say you belong to your prisoners of War basically I treat you differently so having a flag is super super important now the first flag of the colonists to resemble our current flag was the Grand Union flag and it looks like this it&amp;#39;s sometimes called the Congress colors um decided to keep the 13 stripes all right and of course it had the symbol of Saint George and Saint Andrew that was used on the Union Jack um by by the British but it did become the standard by 1776. so original flight the Continental Congress passed a resolution that established the Stars and Stripes that had been used in various forms on June 14 1777. but the problem is they didn&amp;#39;t specify a specific Arrangement so you could basically use your stars and stripes you know stars in any sort of pattern you wanted all right we&amp;#39;re just going to use Stars and Stripes but we didn&amp;#39;t really set a pattern now there is some issues about the Betsy Ross story um most of that is not necessarily very accurate and did Betsy Ross um create the first American flag with the Stars in a circle that cannot be 100 accurately plural thoughts improving um because there were many flags that were used Betsy Ross would not have been the first person to create that flag but it was Betsy Ross um was she a flag maker well she was a seamstress did she make a like yes yes she did probably um but for now we will just sort of not do the is that true or not true history and we&amp;#39;ll continue on with development of our flag all right so Captain Samuel Reed of the United States Navy all right really basically said um suggested to the Continental Congress that the stripes remained 13. okay um for the original 13 colonies and that the Stars be added into such a pattern that is new states are added right and just going across then you would have to change um just a little question current flag has 50 stars on it just in case you didn&amp;#39;t know um Puerto Rico does not have a star because Puerto Rico has yet to vote for Statehood so they would be the 51st state if they ever did and you would have to make adjustments to the flag because you would have to add another star right now they are just a territory held by the United States um just Puerto Ricans are American citizens um but they are territory and not an official state so right now still 50. um the last star was added to the flag in 1960 for the state of Hawaii okay so 1960 we&amp;#39;ve got our 50 stars all right so basically um Washington agreed that you know keep the stripes in the right place and then we will start to see the stars added in formality now what&amp;#39;s interesting in the movie The Patriot is you see that we see the flags used in different ways Okay so all right we have to have a flag all right so our Declaration of Independence has been issued Thomas Jefferson listing um the reasons why and then a list of user patients um proof of why we need to separate from Great Britain and why we need to set up our own government right that&amp;#39;s been issued and of course then we&amp;#39;re going to have this is I mean it&amp;#39;s you have to admit that&amp;#39;s pretty bold because one of the things that we see is huge differences between Great Britain and I&amp;#39;m going to say the USA so I don&amp;#39;t have to keep saying colonies all the time of military might resources all right um so the British army well disciplined um the rather inefficient in North America and ill-directed because one of the things Great Britain didn&amp;#39;t do is they didn&amp;#39;t throw their entire military might into the sport one in Great Britain it wasn&amp;#39;t necessarily popular to be attacking British subjects so pris you&amp;#39;re walking on eggshells all right um so there was a reluctance for a full-scale war that could result in a lot of Bloodshed of British citizens um and this is really critical because this will be the same issue we will have for the war of 1812. Great Britain had powerful enemies on the continent and they didn&amp;#39;t want to leave their back door opened right France when we get to the War of 1812 Cindy or Napoleon is going to be a huge concern for Great Britain and they definitely don&amp;#39;t want to throw their full might in North America and leave that back door open for Napoleon Okay so you know apparently it&amp;#39;s like I can&amp;#39;t send my full force is over there so Britain actually approached so doing the Rebellion gingerly as word was used back then okay okay but what about the colonists and Americans well um didn&amp;#39;t have a lot of money all right didn&amp;#39;t have a lot of tools of War a lot of supply issues once again we&amp;#39;re going to now that we&amp;#39;ve done the Declaration of Independence and we had Benjamin Franklin there to help us we are now going to send Benjamin Franklin to France as an ambassador to try to see if we can get France to join in all right that was Benjamin Franklin&amp;#39;s huge task um didn&amp;#39;t have any uniforms every state will Colonial Colonial grouping had their militia uniforms that you provided for yourself right um Federal government&amp;#39;s not stepping in and issuing everything that you need you have to bring your own stuff and some militias were better stuck than others all right um and I&amp;#39;m sorry the British were ripe about seven years old um the American militias didn&amp;#39;t care much for military discipline like don&amp;#39;t tell me what to do okay that&amp;#39;s a problem and poor sanitary conditions something the British had already noticed before okay so just briefly um some of these poor pant sanitation issues just plays into a bunch of diseases that already existed here in the colonies can I give you some so you realize that when you watch all those fancy movies from the time period like oh I&amp;#39;m sorry The Patriot everyone seems to be just all clean and happy and no no that&amp;#39;s just not that&amp;#39;s not what it was like at all so one disease called everything that caused you to itch was called the itch what was this positive agent I don&amp;#39;t know I just have the itch so everything was the itch it could be Grocer&amp;#39;s itch this happened when you ran um small Grocery and you had your flour and sugar and large bins and so people would come in and ask for a small you know bag full and you would stick your hand down in there to scoop it out well those bins are interested with mites and so every time you stick your arm down then there eventually those mics then crawl up under your skin you know subcutaneously and you would get an infection of those mites into your forearms and that was referred to as Grocers itch so most Grocers had some type of Mite infestation okay that sounds that sounds great you could also become milk sick this is what is believed to have killed um Abraham Lincoln&amp;#39;s biological mother not not vampires right I I know that um Abraham Lincoln the vampire slayer that&amp;#39;s a very popular movie and his mom was taken up by vampires but that didn&amp;#39;t really happen um she was taken out by drinking contaminated milk so we know that cows eating a particular plant that&amp;#39;s toxic gets into their milk supply you milk the cow and you drink that milk you&amp;#39;re poisoning yourself with the same Toxin and so they call this milk sickness and they believe that is how Abraham Lincoln&amp;#39;s mother passed away um if you&amp;#39;re curious it&amp;#39;s it&amp;#39;s the white snake root plant for those of you who are botanists that&amp;#39;s the plant you do not want your cows to be eating right so you can get milk sick that&amp;#39;s one of the reasons why drinking milk is not terribly popular you could get the Quincy okay get the Quincy which is basically tonsillitis that&amp;#39;s what they called it all right so um you know don&amp;#39;t have modern day antibiotics the tonsils can become you know seriously affected and create abscesses in the throat which then could you know in some cases take you out so the Quincy and scarlettina um scarlet fever usually referred to as scarlettina but people think that this doesn&amp;#39;t exist anymore um it does it is still here it&amp;#39;s just that it&amp;#39;s easily treated with antibiotics um my daughters when she was young she got chickenpox back in the back in the old days before we had you know the old vaccine for Chickenpox she got chickenpox and she was doing so much scratching that uh she allowed the positive agent for scarlet fever to get inside and she started scratching and I kind of noticed that might she has scarlet fever so I took her to the doctor like oh scarlet fever we hardly ever see that but it was scarlet fever scarlet fever just so you know it has a very distinctive type of rash it looks like a rash but when you go to touch it it feels like sandpaper so that is a tall tale sign that you have scarlettina is because your rash feels like you know sandpaper and that&amp;#39;s how you can tell so it&amp;#39;s still with us today and we just don&amp;#39;t see it as often because it&amp;#39;s easily treated all right but no such treatment for scarlatina back in the day so and it&amp;#39;s contagious so scarlet fever will still be a problem up until the Advent of you know medications which we didn&amp;#39;t have um we didn&amp;#39;t have Penicillin until World War II just just gave people an idea of a time frame here all right and the scrum box scrum boxes impetigo now you can see why I&amp;#39;m bringing up some of these here towards the end because if you&amp;#39;re leading an army and your soldiers are at camp you can see where some of these conditions scarlet fever scrum box all right the impetigo highly contagious um pustural disease of the skin um these become issues for you you know your soldiers and then of course our big ones typhus all right which is usually a disease of armies it&amp;#39;s a disease of dirt um this is the disease it&amp;#39;s going to take out Napoleon&amp;#39;s troops when he goes into the regions of Poland and Russia during the Napoleonic Wars typhoid is a disease of water right so type is a disease of poor Plant sanitation right dirty uniforms um the lives start biting you and they contain the causative agent and well then you&amp;#39;re sick and of course last but not least what we looked at before if you watch the stuff about Bacon&amp;#39;s Rebellion um the bloody flux that&amp;#39;s the term they used um during Civil War we will see there&amp;#39;ll be all sorts of terms used um the turkey turkey trots for diarrhea that&amp;#39;s I know you can see the world I&amp;#39;m sorry but it&amp;#39;s true the word trots has still stayed with us with the bloody flux refers to dysentery all right another problematic disease for cities and already is on the Move okay all right so there you go all right we&amp;#39;ll talk about one here in a minute oh and cholera another disease of water all right Swiss well let&amp;#39;s have a look at that okay so you see um I did include a video for you to watch on General um on Steuben Washington brought him in from the Prussian Army to try to teach some discipline and Camp sanitation issues all right because these are all serious problems that Washington&amp;#39;s but none of this has to do with the Great Britain or actual fighting Washington steps in and he&amp;#39;s like oh for holy cow how can I have soldiers who are you know ready for the battlefield when we&amp;#39;re admired in all of these disease issues in Camp sanitation so these are the first things that he jumps on hand sanitation he also dealt pretty directly with the issue of smallpox um he and I know this is probably it&amp;#39;s a contentious oh my gosh this is it this is a contentious issue today um idea of vaccinations but George Washington did order his troops as best he could to receive the variation which was the word for then to combat smallpox and Jenner had already discovered that by putting a small amount of cow pox under your skin all right would give you for the most part immunity against smallpox which was much more dangerous cowpox just made you sick for a little while it was also called milkmaid sickness but close enough that if you&amp;#39;ve got the cow pox um you did not get smallpox which was a much more deadly disease so he did require soldiers as best they could to get this cowpox treatment developed by Jenner so that he didn&amp;#39;t have to deal with smallpox outbreaks amongst his troops all right and he also had to deal with sexually transmitted infections namely gonorrhea and syphilis um groups of females would follow the military units around um they would do cooking for them they would do laundry um but they could also provide other services and Washington wasn&amp;#39;t terribly happy about this um prostitution going on and even if there weren&amp;#39;t females following the camp some soldiers would sneak out of Camp if they were closer to a larger City and they would visit Broncos in fact during this time period if you&amp;#39;re you were stationed close enough to New York City you went to this brothel District which at the time was referred to as Holy Ground so facility said I think it&amp;#39;s time to go to Holy Ground and you know what they meant once again no real treatment for these conditions and so it was such a common problem that Washington began deducting pay if a soldier turned up infected as a punishment so like uh looks like you kind of got maybe some syphilis going on right there uh yeah well docking your page for that Soldier all right okay so just want to throw that in there and also I put this picture here and I haven&amp;#39;t downloaded them I haven&amp;#39;t put the video clip up yet but I&amp;#39;ll do that today this is a picture of Washington Crossing the Delaware um this is a nice romanticized version of how that really happened I will show you a video clip from Drunk History on how it really didn&amp;#39;t go as well as this picture shows but here in this picture you can see where they&amp;#39;re using the stars in a circular motion this is not obviously a painting done in the time period but this is a later romanticized rendition okay all right now moving aside from cam sanitation discipline physicality and disease we do have problems because not everyone is United you know once again on this issue of going to war with Great Britain um there are many supporters still of Great Britain you know they&amp;#39;re known as the Tories after the war some remained in the United States but some Tories actually returned to Great Britain or moved to Canada even though because Great Britain was in control of Canada so we still had people sitting on both sides of the fence however the Battle of Saratoga in 1777 was a huge victory all right um 5700 British soldiers were captured um gentleman Johnny as he was known in Great Britain general um we&amp;#39;re going known for his philandering right this was a huge defeat for him but this is what got France&amp;#39;s attention right so this Victory France is like well maybe they might be able to do something here so with the Battle of Saratoga France finally told Benjamin Franklin all right we&amp;#39;ll jump in because you know we&amp;#39;re no friends at Great Britain and this would be great well this will be beneficial for us but what the American Revolution is going to do for France if it&amp;#39;s going to break their bank right it&amp;#39;s going to devastate them financially which will lead to their own French Revolution down the road so throwing that out there thank you yeah France begins to show up um particularly with supplies like you know Munitions that we desperately need um and the Colonials have been fighting a guerrilla warfare type tactic um the British tend to use the ordered Mass scene of musket fire I&amp;#39;m not going to talk too much about that because I asked you about this on your assignment for Friday where they stand in line shoot fall back reload stand up shoot fall back reload okay and this is just the way you do it it has reasons why they engage in that Americans did not necessarily engage in that type of warfare wasn&amp;#39;t practical but also they had learned different types of strategies from their indigenous neighbors right so children are out there all right so France is in but in 1778 a nasty winter hits forces get bogged down in Valley Forge and it is usually our misconception that this was pain and suffering for everybody um people were chewing on their boots because there was no food the experiences of soldiers at Valley Forge had a lot to do with where you came from if you came from a militia that was not well stocked that was poor you suffered at Valley Forge if you came from a militia from a colony that was better stocked you had better supplies this winter didn&amp;#39;t affect you that much you had food all right and you could build a better shelter so Valley Portage actually is a giant sort of Hill and I probably could have put a pitch here sits on a big hill overlooking sort of this Round Valley and everybody kind of plotted themselves wherever they wanted so you could go from one section where everybody say here has fuel to burn and food to eat and then maybe 200 yards away here you have this one militia they&amp;#39;re starving and they&amp;#39;re suffering frostbite and exposure so remember this isn&amp;#39;t something that Continental Congress has allotted for they&amp;#39;re not providing you with Federal relief or you know save your supplies like an MRE that&amp;#39;s just not happening so Valley Forge was difficult for some that is difficult for others all right we can&amp;#39;t hit every battle we can&amp;#39;t look at everything we don&amp;#39;t have the time to do that but the Patriot um follows around a character by the name of Benjamin Martin now Benjamin Martin is kind of a conglomerate of several revolutionary war heroes um but mostly based upon Francis Marion known as the Swamp Fox right um and mayor I believe that Martin is known as the ghost um Mel Gibson&amp;#39;s character is very much out of sync for the time period particularly um his association with people of color in the movie that is not how things functioned in the time period and it definitely wasn&amp;#39;t how things functioned with Francis Marion all right you get to a question that&amp;#39;s asking you about Francis Marion you might want to do a little research on him it won&amp;#39;t be that hard to realize that Francis Marion and Benjamin Martin very different people okay um Battle of calpins in 1781 this is also going to be a another victory and then we have some people whose names kind of stand out to us historically like Major Andre and Benedict Arnold um I also have a joke history clip of Benedict Arnold I you know what I should just load all those because they&amp;#39;re very interesting Benedict Arnold not too bad unsuccessful in Canada he thought he deserved a promotion when you kind of didn&amp;#39;t but his wife was agitating him to like demand he did not treated right well you know I guess this guy under his skin and Benedict Arnold decided that he was going to give military documents to the British um great okay so let&amp;#39;s let&amp;#39;s add Major Andre in here Major Andre did not take advice from his superiors to remain in his uniform while he delivered documents he changed into civilian clothes and he was captured oh now Benedict Arnold will also be captured at one point um but later he will be able to move to Great Britain where he died sad um Major Andre his his debate was a little bit different if you are a soldier in this time period and you are out of uniform and you are performing military duties you are considered a spy spies or hanged there was a trial those are courts if your officer it didn&amp;#39;t matter if you were out of uniform and you were conducting military business you were considered a spy and you were hanged Major Andre caught out of uniform he was aimed now he had been caught in uniform as an officer he would have been just considered a prisoner of war and his life would have been spared now this is this is Major Andre um British soldier this is also going to happen to an American or Colonial and in fact this individual who had been a school teacher had decided that he was going to run information out of uniform and he was captured by the British he will be hanged as a spy his statue stands in front of the Central Intelligence Agency back in Washington DC he&amp;#39;s considered the First Colonial spy who gave his life for his country you know his name it&amp;#39;s on my next slide Nathan Hale so statute of Nathan Hale is in front of the CIA offices it was American officer caught out of uniform doing military business and he was hanged as a spy and of course the CIA you know kind of a spy agency so of course this is why they put a statue of Nathan Hale up in front and of course Nathan Hale the person who said I regret that I have but what One Life to give to my country okay Nathan Hale all right don&amp;#39;t be caught out of uniform doing military business in this time period all right Deborah Sampson you have some stuff to read about her all right a female who pretended to be male to join movement and of course there&amp;#39;s actually a book out you could read called the female Marine okay so I&amp;#39;ll put that out there all right got a few minutes left let&amp;#39;s finish this war and you&amp;#39;re like what yeah we only get maybe two class periods tops to finish all of this material all right so the Revolutionary War is going to end with the Treaty of Paris of 1783. um Cornwallis has been forced to surrender at Yorktown Washington had tricked him into thinking um you know troop movements were different Cornwallis on actually thought that he was going to get some reinforcements that never showed up so he kind of panicked and he capitulated and he he gave up okay okay so France has been our allies but France it to a certain point you can have your Independence but we don&amp;#39;t want you moving West oh okay prices interest still and of course Napoleon&amp;#39;s gonna you&amp;#39;re gonna get control of portions of the Midwest there from Spain all right so yeah there&amp;#39;s some yeah there&amp;#39;s some stuff going on here um part of the treaty was an agreement Great Britain would release any claim to the Ohio territory which would leave that open for France again huh the British may have surrendered but they did not leave that&amp;#39;s important the British are going to maintain troops along remember that Proclamation line of 17 um 63. they&amp;#39;re going to maintain some outposts with military personnel along that boundary line so when we look at the War of 1812 some of those British troops are already still here yeah so some argue oh my goodness sorry so some people are going to argue that the Revolutionary War really didn&amp;#39;t end until the war of 1812. but there was just sort of this quiet period while the United States developed but the war itself not really finished so it&amp;#39;s an interesting Prospect Benjamin Franklin and John Jay um working out the treaty um with Great Britain so what did all this mean well there&amp;#39;s a lot of bickering going on um France is not quite back in his the way we thought they would at the end of the war so let&amp;#39;s have a quick pick sorry oh I put this on here yes there are African-Americans that fought in the War about five thousand to be exact there is a lot of issue on whether were they going to be granted their freedom that&amp;#39;s not necessarily true Washington never wanted to use African Americans um armed African-Americans in battle at one point he allows it to a certain degree but there was never any policy whatsoever that was granting African-Americans freedom for serving in militias I believe you actually have a small scene that you will be watching on the assignment that addresses that issue okay but Massachusetts colony will be the first to actually formally outlaw slavery in 1783 after the war is over right okay we&amp;#39;re going back all right so Treaty of Paris really quick Great Britain had to recognize American independence set boundaries um later on there will be a little argument about these boundaries and the United States will lose the map Great Britain you have the original and the Americans tried to fake what the boundaries were and actually gave more territory to the British than what they actually had in the beginning so we&amp;#39;ll get to that kind of a funny moment in history you can imagine the British were just laughing all the way to their new new territories this is between Canada and the United States this gave the U.S the right to North American Fisheries that&amp;#39;s a big one right um the evacuation of British troops and Naval forces from American territories not stuck towards the West right because that you don&amp;#39;t own that right the Continental Army disbands right it&amp;#39;s not a permanent military force um some land redistribution was given for Tories who decided to leave the country took their tariff land um Ben Franklin during the same time period invented bifocal classes oh well okay there was a 211 000 drop in population now so this was due to war deaths um but a lot of this was due to loyalist pleing okay the Tories going back to Canada and um England all right so 1783 War is Over treaties established George Washington creates the Society of Cincinnati which doesn&amp;#39;t go over very well with some people this is a private men&amp;#39;s club By Invitation Only and only those who were in the upper echelons of power or business well to do trades person were allowed into this Society um some people found this extremely offensive with the United States just bought this big battle for representational democracy and here you&amp;#39;re forming this private Men&amp;#39;s Club of only Rich students all right need to have a working document of how now is the government going to be structured they started arguing as early as 1777 before the war was even over about how this would look and so they had begun working on the Articles of Confederation and this is what we&amp;#39;ll look at next week we will look at the Articles of Confederation and what some of those problems were and why it didn&amp;#39;t work um technically this would be a league of friendship between states but there would be no federal government that had any authority to tax to raise an army or to regulate commerce these are all going to be huge problems and how then is voting done each state has one vote now people that each state would have one vote that&amp;#39;s kind of the early Articles of Confederation now I&amp;#39;m going to ask you a question before we go here everybody think about this who is the first president of the United States see classic answer George Washington it is not George Washington you know if I&amp;#39;m going to ask that question you know that oh she&amp;#39;s almost got it almost got it she got his name I&amp;#39;m reading your lips because I can&amp;#39;t hear you but I forgot I forgot it was from the last um class wasn&amp;#39;t it I just can&amp;#39;t remember his name ready yeah it&amp;#39;s in John Hanson was technically the first president of the United States He is the first president under the Articles of Confederation so and of course the United States because he had actually been president of Continental Congress at one point which is interesting that they put here on the stamp president Continental Congress he was actually a president of the United States wasn&amp;#39;t he the one that was appointed by another country um not appointed by another country he was appointed by the Continental Congress to take on that role and the role would be moved around you only served for two years under the Articles Confederation president&amp;#39;s President office was every two years he&amp;#39;s just the first he&amp;#39;s not the only one to have served as president under the articles but he&amp;#39;s the first but it was a big burst because he created the presidential seal right an eagle um arrows you know in the talons this is a Iroquois Confederacy symbol um under the Iroquois um Constitution those symbols because it&amp;#39;s much harder to break a bundle of sticks than to break one stick a little bit different in the presidential seal but that&amp;#39;s the same thing holding those items there is much more difficult to break those than other arrows to break those as a bundle into being you know a single entity so that is added as our presidential seal so we still use that today it&amp;#39;s a John Hanson thing and the Postal Service formalized postal service was created by John Hanson okay there we go for today all right so next week we are going to see why the Articles of Confederation failed and we will be looking at the creation of the Constitution and I will be asking some questions because there&amp;#39;s some basic things that we should all know right okay Friday and then get ready for next week okay everybody have a great weekend I heard it&amp;#39;s supposed to be nice this weekend I&amp;#39;m hoping so get your assignment done early so you can have some time off all right everybody see you later

Transcript for:Historical Lecture Recap

Transcript for:
Historical Lecture Recap