Lecture on Esters

Introduction to Esters

• Esters are compounds formed by condensation reactions.
• Reaction involves alcohols and carboxylic acids.
• Water is also produced during the reaction.

Formation of Esters

1. Condensation Reaction:
   • Hydrogen is removed from the alcohol.
   • Hydroxyl group is removed from the carboxylic acid.
   • Remaining oxygen from alcohol bonds to the carbon from carboxylic acid, forming the ester link.
2. Result: Produces an ester and water.

Hydrolysis of Esters

• Esters can be broken down into the original alcohols and carboxylic acids.
• Ester link is broken.
• Water is used to recreate the initial substances.

Naming Esters

• First Part: Derived from the alcohol.
• Second Part: Derived from the carboxylic acid.
• Example:
  • Ethanol + Propanoic acid = Ethyl propanoate
    • Ethanol becomes ethyl.
    • Propanoic acid becomes propanoate.
  • Iol indicates alcohol origin.
  • Oate indicates ester formation.

Identifying Origins of Esters

• Breakdown ester's name to find respective alcohol and carboxylic acid.
• Butyl suggests butanol.
• Hexanoate suggests hexanoic acid.

Practice

• Draw structures of esters and label the alcohol and carboxylic acid components.
• Name esters based on alcohol and carboxylic acid used.

Conclusion

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