Overview
This lecture explains effective strategies for improvising over jazz 2-5-1 progressions using chord inversions, rhythm, scale/passing tones, chromatic approaches, and chord extensions, focusing on building melodic vocabulary and improvisational fluency.
The Matrix of Inversions
- The matrix of inversions uses all inversions (root, first, second, third) for each chord in a 2-5-1 progression plus a secondary dominant.
- Write out each chord in all inversions across a 16-bar system for visual reference.
- Practice ascending and descending versions of each inversion to internalize melodic sounds.
- Mix and match inversions and directions randomly to create smooth, connected lines.
- This method enhances ear training and helps mechanize fingerings.
Adding Rhythm to Inversions
- Attach simple four-note rhythmic patterns to inversion practice for musical phrasing.
- Practice rhythms by singing them before playing.
- Combine or alternate different rhythms to vary musical expression.
- Rhythms can significantly transform familiar chord tones and scale notes into new musical ideas.
Phrase Construction and Development
- Start phrases by writing and internalizing the rhythm before adding notes.
- Construct melodic lines using only chord tones and rhythmic ideas from the matrix.
- Gradually introduce scale (passing) tones for more fluidity and tension-release effects.
- Add chromatic approach tones to target chord tones and increase sophistication.
- Chromatic tones must resolve to chord tones to make musical sense.
Extensions, Tensions, and Customization
- Replace chord roots with the 9th for rootless voicings to add color.
- Experiment with other chord tones in inversions, like the 13th or altered extensions (b9, #9, b13).
- Customize the matrix with your preferred tensions and note orders to build personal melodic vocabulary.
- Manipulate note order, repeat notes, or use octave displacement for varied melodic "cells."
Expanding Improvisational Language
- Use the matrix across any set of chords, not just 2-5-1s.
- Regularly practice with rhythmic and harmonic manipulations to gain fluency.
- Copy and paste rhythmic ideas while changing note content for multiple phrase variations.
- These techniques are useful for both improvisers and composers.
Key Terms & Definitions
- 2-5-1 Progression — A common jazz chord sequence: II minor, V dominant, I major.
- Chord Inversion — Rearranging chord tones so a note other than the root is the lowest.
- Passing Tone — A non-chord scale note used between chord tones for smooth movement.
- Chromatic Approach — A non-diatonic note leading by a half step to a chord tone.
- Chord Extension — Added tones beyond the seventh (e.g., 9th, 11th, 13th) for richer harmony.
- Rootless Voicing — A chord voicing omitting the root, often replaced with an extension.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Write out a matrix of inversions for a 2-5-1(+ secondary dominant) progression.
- Practice ascending and descending inversions in all positions with various rhythmic patterns.
- Experiment with adding passing tones, chromatic approaches, and different chord extensions.
- Create customized matrices and build personal phrase vocabulary.
- Optional: Enroll in the referenced jazz improvisation course for deeper study.