let us have an overview of glycolysis remember there are 10 steps that you need to be thorough with and you have to remember the names of the 10 enzymes first you get the meaning of the term glycolysis glyco refers to glucose and Lis refers to Breaking or splitting so in the cell cytoplasm glucose gets broken down to two molecules of pic acid or you can simply call it as pyate so one molecule of glucose always generates two molecules of pyate resulting in the net generation of 2 ATP and 2 nadh remember ATP and nadh are high energy carum molecule you should be aware of the location of the glycolysis remember it happens in the cell cytosol or you can simply call it a c cytoplasm this process do not require any Oxygen so it is known as anerobic phase and if the question asks why glycolysis is known as anerobic phase you can simply write it down that it do not require oxygen right and it consist of three phases and you have to be thorough with the three phases of glycolysis number one it is known as energy consumption phase which means there is a consumption of ATP and second phase splitting and rearrangement phase and the third it is known as energy pay phase meaning there is generation of ATP so you have to be thorough with these three phases so now let's get into the detail of each phases in the first step of energy consumption phase glucose gets phosphorilated meaning there's the addition of phosphate onto glucose and the phosphate we obtain it from ATP so there is a consumption of ATP here and when we say ATP consumption we are actually breaking down ATP so we are hydrolyzing ATP the last bone between the two phosphate is broken and the when the when the bone gets broken there is always release of energy and this energy is used to form a bond between carbon and phosphate so take this as glucose and glucose has six carbons right take these as first carbon second carbon third carbon fourth fifth and sixth so there are six carbons in total and ATP provides energy how do we obtain energy by breaking bone between the last two phosphates when the bone is broken we separate phosphate from ADP right and we also obtain energy and this energy is used to form a bond between fos pH fate and sixth carbon of the glucose right and in the meantime ATP gets converted into ADP so now it's no more glucose it is glucose 6 phosphate so there is a transformation of glucose into glucose 6 phosphate and how did it got transformed by phosphorilation and the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is hexin now how do I remember the name of the enzyme hexin I'll share a very simple technique here whenever atps associated in the particular step I want you to take ATP as a kind soul so take ATP as a kind soulle and you know that enzyme must end with Ace right so keep it as kindness so whenever there's ATP being associated keep second name of the enzyme is Kines and in this particular step the first name of the enzyme which is hexo you can dedicate to the number of carbons found in glucose so you can see there are six carbons so six equals to hexo so that's how I remember the enzyme name hexokinases is known as the initiator enzyme in glycolysis without which glycolysis cannot be operated and this is the first step of energy consumption phase it mainly involves phosphorilation and if you're wondering what phosphorilation is it is simply addition of phosphate and you can see there phosphate is being added onto six carbon right so the technical term is phosphorilation and remember who provides phosphate the credit goes to ATP now in the second step of glycolysis glucose 6 phosphate gets transformed into fructose 6 phosphate by the process called isomerization which means glucose 6 phosphate simply undergo rearrangement process and it gets transformed into its isomer fructose 6 phosphate and the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction is phospho glucose isomerase now how to remember the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase I will share this simp simple technique dedicate second name of the enzyme to process so it will be kept as isomerase and then the first name dedicate to the substrate I am referring to the precursor substrate okay precursor in this step is glucose 6 phosphate and prze phosphate first so phospho glucose Isom mirase that is the technique to remember the enzyme name I repeat name dedicate to the process going on here isomerization so isomerase dedicate to the precursor substrate which is glucose 6 phosphate prze phosphate so it will be written as phosphoglucose isomerase in the third step of glycolysis fructose 6 phosphate undergo phosphorilation meaning there is addition of phosphate take this as fructose 6 phosphate with six carbon atoms in it which is denoted by number there's already one phosphate attached onto six carbon and when it undergo phosphorilation that is addition of phosphate we need phosphate right so we obtain it from ATP ATP will generate one phosphate and this phosphate will get attached onto first carbon of the fructose 6 phosphate there's already phosphate attached onto six carbon of the fructose 6 phosphate and the phosphate that we have had obtained from ATP will get attached onto first carbon so now fructose 6 phosphate will transform into fructose six and there are two phosphate in total so B phosphate this will result in the transformation of fructose 6 phosphate to fructose six Bas phosphate and the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is phosphor fructo use the simple technique whenever there's ATP associated keep the second name is Kines and dedicate first name to the substrate prioritize phosphat so phosphor fructo let us now recap the steps of energy consumption phase in the first step glucose undergo phosphorilation which gets transformed into glucose 6 phosphate and glucose 6 phosphate gets converted to fructose 6 phosphate which is isomo and fructose 6 phosphate gets done transformed into fructose 16 piece phosphate with the phosphorilation and when it undergo phosphorilation there is a consumption of ATP ATP provides phosphate which the phosphate gets attached onto the six carbon of the glucose so therefore there is a generation of glucose 6 phosphate and glucose 6 phosphate undergo isomerization which generates fructose 6 phosphate in the first step the enzyme that catalyze the reaction is hexokinase glucose 6 phosphate when it undergo rearrangement it generates fructose 6 phosphate and the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is phospho glucose Isom meras remember the technique to remember the enzyme name fructose 6 phosphate when it undergo second phosphorilation it utilizes ATP ATP utilization generates phosphate which get attached onto the first carbon of the fructose 6 phosphate so now it gets transformed into fructose six pie phosphate the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is phosphor fructo kinas and this phase sums up the energy consumption phase the next phase is known as splitting and rearrangement phase fructose six bis phosphate which has six carbon atoms in net with the help of enzyme aldas remember it has six carbon atoms so when it under go splitting it will form two molecules which contains three carbon atoms in h so there is distribution of equal number of carbon atoms and the molecules are Diop and g3p g3p can also be written as PGA Al g3p stands for glycer alhy 3 phosphate and Diop stands for dihydro oxy acetone phosphate remember they are isomer so now there is a formation of one g3p from the splitting of fructose 16 B phosphate and diub being unstable it will undergo isomerization which means Diop will rearrange itself and it will get converted to another molecule of g3p so now there is one g3p being produced from the splitting of fructose 16 B phosphate and there is another g3p being formed from the conversion of diub so now there is two molecules of g3p and both g3p and diub can be referred to as trios phosphate so dedicate first name of the enzyme to them as trios phosphate and dedicate second name to the process so you will keep it as isomerous right this is the technique to remember the enzyme name the enzyme is known as trios phosphate isomerase and this phase is known as splitting and rearrangement phase moving on to the third phase of glycolysis which is energy P phase meaning there's generation of ATP it starts with the g3p dehydrogenation so the two molecues of glycer alide 3 phosphate it undergo dehydrogenation so the process is dehydrogenation meaning removal of hydrogen D refers to remove so hydrogenation there is a removal of hydrogen and when the hydrogen gets removed remember it always gets accepted by n+ so there is a removal of hydrogen from the substrate g3p since there are two molecules of g3p two hydrogen gets removed and the removed hydrogen gets accepted by two molecules of nad+ which results in the generation of two molecules of nadh which is a high energy carrier molecule phosphorilation will also take place in this step which means g3p will get phosphate but in this case not from ATP it will get it from s3p P4 so H3 P4 will donate phosphate which gets added onto g3p so now g3p gets transformed into 13 B phoso glycerate or glyceric acid remember g3p and 13 B phosphoglycerate they are not same molecule 13 bpga which you can even write it as 13 bpga it is acid and g3p is aldhy so the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction is G3 TP dehydrogenase dedicate second name of the enzyme to the process going on here which is dehydrogenation so keep it as dehydrogenase and dedicate first name to the substrate which is g3p that's the technique to remember the enzyme name so remember what's going on here there is hydrogen being removed from g3p which means there's dehydrogenation going on and hydrogen which gets removed gets accepted by two molecules of n+ which results in the generation of two n ADH which is a high energy carrier molecule remember there is also phosphorilation taking place here and the phosphate we obtain it from H3 P4 the phosphate gets added onto g3p there's already one phosphate attached onto the third carbon of g3p and when another phosphate gets added onto g3p it gets attached onto the first carbon which results in the generation of 13 Bas PGA in The Next Step there is removal of phosphate from the two molecules of 1 three B phosphoglycerate so there is a removal of phosphate from 13 bpj remember there is phosphate attached onto third and first carbon and the phosphate which is attached onto the first carbon of 13 bis phosphoglycerate gets removed and the removed phosphate gets accepted by ADP which is adenosin diphosphate since there are two molecules of 13 bpga two phosphates are removed and remember these two phosphates are from the first carbon N2 phosphate gets added onto 2 ATP which helps in the generation of 2 ATP and that's how ATP gets generated in this step this results in the generation of two molecules of three phosphor glycerate remember one phosphate has been already removed from the first carbon so there is no more one and no more B now because there is only one phosphate so you can't write the word b so it is only three phosph glycerate and the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction is phosphoglycerate kindness use the simple technique to recall the enzyme name Whenever there is ATP Association the second name will be kyes and the first name of the enzyme dedicate to the precursor substrate which is phosphoglycerate so therefore it will be kept as phosphoglycerate gyas in the next step two molecules of three phosphoglycerate will simply undergo isomerization process which means it will undergo rearrangement and when it undergo rearrangement it will simply get transformed into its isomer that is two molecules of two phosphoglycerate and the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is phosphoglycerate mutase in the next step two molecules of two phosphoglycerate will simply go dehydration process since there are two molecules of 2pga there will be removal of two molecules of water and it will get transformed to two molecules of phosphor inop pyate in short you can write it as P which is phospho inol pyate and the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction is in no lace now how do I remember the enzyme inol use this simple technique you see we have been dealing with phosphate we have been dealing with the uh glycerate right and now you're going to dedicate to the name that sounds unique phosphor it's common right Pate it's common glycerate it's common which sounds unique in all so dedicate enzyme to the name that sounds unique which is inol so keep it as inol lace that is the technique to remember the enzyme inol La we are now with the last step of glycolysis two molecules of phospho inop pyate you can also write it as P from PE there is a removal of phosphate since there are two molecules of P you're going to remove two molecules of phosphate so two molecules of phosphate gets removed and phosphate which gets removed gets accepted by 2 ATP which results in the generation of two molecules of ATP and that's how ATP gets generated if you want to generate ATP remember to add phosphate to ATP so this will ultimately result in the generation of two molecules of Pate which you can also write it as pic acid in short ba and the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction is pyate kyes how to remember the enzyme name use this simple technique whenever there's Association of ATP give the second name as kyes and first name of the enzyme dedicate to the main mission of glycolysis and the mission is to generate pyate so keep it as pyate and that's how you remember the enzyme name pyit kyese so now let us draw the complete flowchart of glycolysis it starts with glucose which gets converted to glucose 6 phosphate remember phosphate they got it from ATP and glucose 6 phosphate gets converted to its isomer fructose 6 phosphate which undergo phosphorilation and generates fructose six bis phosphate again remember it got phosphate from ATP fructose 16 B phosphate undergo splitting into diub and g3p remember there are two molecules of g3p being produced g3p can be written as PG L now two molecules g3p get converted to two molecules of 13 bpga which gets converted to two molecules of 3 PGA which is three phosphoglycerate and two molecules of 3pga gets converted to two molecules of two phosphoglycerate and two molecules of two phosphoglycerate gets converted to two molecules of phosph of pyate which ultimately generates two molecules of pyic acid now how do I remember the whole substrates of glycolysis and you see I know that you are struggling to remember the all 10 substrates of glycolysis but don't worry my dear you can come up with silly thing to remember important things remember it's very difficult to remember important things things but easy to remember the silly things that's how our brain works sometimes right so therefore you can come up with silly thing to remember the whole substrates of glycolysis so you can use this technique start with glucose glucose glucose so use this silly song to remember all substrates of glycolysis glucose glucose fructose fructose sing again glucose glucose fructose fructose Le again glucose glucose fructose fructose dle PGA one there's no more be so three PGA one reduc 2J 2 again glucose glucose fructose fructose 13 bpga one 3 PJ one red 2 PJ see this Sil thing can help you remember 10 substrates of glycolysis to remember consumption of ATP and generation of ATP and N use this Technic start with ATP in the next stepu ATP g n since there are two molecules g3p you're going to write nadh2 start with ATP again at things okay sometimes we have to come up with silly things to remember serious things so if you can't remember important thing you can come up with a silly thing create something so that it helps you to recall easily and that's a technique to remember the lesson for long term to sum up there are three phases of glycolysis starting from the glucose till fructose 16 B phosphate it is known as energy consumption phase and fructose 16 B phosphate getting split splitted into diub NG g3p splitting phase and diub getting converted into g3p is rearrangement Phase so together you can call it as splitting and rearrangement phase and from g3p till pyate it is known as energy po phas