yo what's going down a pika peeps we have unit number two for you this video will be about 10 minutes or less everything you need to know about unit number two to succeed in government alright so talk about citizens beliefs about government you need to understand and identify and be able to describe different citizens beliefs while political advocacy efficacy is the belief of government in an individual's ability to influence government so the more you believe you could influence the government the more likely you are to be involved whether it's a voting campaigning something a lot of those lines your efficacy is tied into how involved you are in politics the higher the efficacy the more likely you are to vote and here's four basic American beliefs number one people believe in political equality everybody should be equal politically to believe in the free enterprise system or capitalism three equality for opportunity everybody should have the opportunity to go as far as they can or want and finally a mistrust of government especially since the 1970s with the Watergate scandal and the presidency of Richard Nixon now it's important to note Americans generally do not believe in economic equality they believe in economic opportunity or equality of opportunity but not economic equality so if you see a multiple choice question don't be fooled by economic equality ok political socialization this is the process in which people gain their political beliefs or orientation in other words it's how you learn about politics and what your beliefs are and there are three major ways that people are socialized number one is family here's an embarrassing picture of me from the 1980s this is me look at the size of those ears I look like Dumbo anyway I was socialized primarily by my family my dad my brother my mom the media plays a large role in socialization as does school as individuals age they are more likely to engage in politics or voting you see senior citizens that group is the law has the largest percentage of voters so be able to identify and explain three ways in which individuals are politically socialized public opinion it measured by taking polls by polls which takes a sample of the population was made famous by this dude mr. Gallup that's some characteristics of effective polls you have to have random sampling so the people that you poll have to be random it has to be representative of the larger portion of the country of which you are trying to measure a large sample size with a low margin of error is a very key point so usually the larger the sample size the more accurate and the lower the margin of error of polls and the wording of of quite of the questions should be on bias this is very important because how you ask can lead to certain answers whatuh polls reveal well there's a disconnect between Americans and government again that distrust of government and many Americans are weary of big government this has been a trend since the 1970s Vietnam War Watergate Nixon since then we have seen Americans move more in this direction well we're talking about participation politics are two major ways to participate one is conventional which includes voting campaigning donating money the most common way from here is through voting the unconventional methods of participation include protests civil disobedience and violence and I want you to think of Martin Luther King and Henry David Thoreau we think of protest or civil disobedience this idea of breaking unjust laws this is a way to participate in politics to hope to bring about change in general the higher the socio-economic economic status of an individual the more likely they are to participate in some way shape or form blacks and whites vote overall in close numbers percentage-wise for their groups and the older of the individual the higher the participation as I mentioned before senior citizens vote a very high rate cases ins political beliefs there's two major political ideologies in general when we talk about liberals people like FDR come to mind and here are their beliefs in general doesn't mean every liberal believes this but usually this is what they believe decrease in military spending tend to be pro-choice when it comes to abortion higher taxes on the wealthy and they favor advocate increased social program spending like Medicare Medicaid Social Security things like that conservatives which Ronald Reagan is a great example of in general they believe in increased military spending they're pro-life so they are against abortion they advocate lower taxes on wealthy and decreased social program spending they favor smaller government whereas liberals tend to favor larger government and women African Americans Americans under the age of 30 all of them are more likely to identify as liberal than conservative alright we'll finish up with a quick recap political efficacy in four major American political beliefs make sure you know those four political socialization and the three ways it occurs remember it is family media in school public opinion how is it measured and what are characteristics of quality polls conventional and unconventional participation of politics be able to identify and explain that could be a free response question characteristics of liberals and conservatives that is a must know for this course alright guys look forward to see you back here for unit number three and ten minutes thank you very much for watching best of luck on your exam in May and have a good day