I'm super excited because today we're going to be talking about very common aspects that you're going to need to know when it comes to the aits yes we're going to be focusing on human anatomy and physiology and we're going to be discussing General orientation of human anatomy let's get started to begin we're going to start by recognizing common anatomical terms that you're going to need to know for your tests starting with the terms for our head we have spalc which stands for our head cranial which is our skull facial for our face frontal for our forehead temporal for our Temple orbital or ocular for our eye optic for our ear bucal for our cheek nasal for our nose oral for our mouth and mental for our chin moving down from our neck to our abdomen we have cervical for our neck axillary for our armpits brachial for our arm anti brachial which is our forearm carpal for our wrist Palmer for our Palm polex for our thumb or digital or fangi they're used interchangeably for our fingers we have sternal for the breast bone thoracic for our chest mamory for our breast abdominal for our abdomen and umbilical for our navl and then lastly for our anterior view we're going to move from our hips all the way down so we have coxa for our hip femoral for our thigh patella which is the front of our knee cural which is our Shin pedial for our foot tarsel for our ankle digital of fangi actually stands for our toes dorsum really means the top of are the back of so you can have the dorsum of your foot or you can have the dorsam of your hands halex which stands for our great toe and just like I said dorsam which stands for the back of our hand so they're going to be used interchangeably make sure you recognize that the dorsam can be the back of your hand and it can be the top of your foot we have manual which stands for our hand pelvic for our pelvis ingal for our grin and pubic for for our pubis now that we covered everything on the interior side we want to cover everything on the posterior side which is just a fancy way of saying our back so starting at the top we have the occipital which is the base of our skull acromial which is our shoulder scapular which is our shoulder blade vertebral which is the spinal column dorsal which is our back o cranial or cubital which is the back of our elbow we have lumbar for our loin we have sacral between our hips cagil which is our tailbone gluteal which is our buttock panal which is that area between our anus and our external genitalia we have POA which is the backs side of our knee surl which is our calf plantar which is the so of our foot and Cal which is our heel next up we're going to look at the different kind of planes you're going to need to know for the test so what I want you to imagine as you take a look at these pictures is either you are stuck inside the wall or you're leaning up against the wall right right so when we're leaning against the wall we're stuck inside the wall we're only going to be able to move in certain directions we're not going to be able to come out of the wall right we're just going to be able to move alongside it make sure you understand this concept because it's going to be really important for you to understand when it comes to movement with these planes starting with our transverse plane the transverse plane is a horizontal plane what it's going to do is it's going to divide our body into our upper which is our Superior parts and our lower which is our inferior parts so when we talk about movements in the transverse plane we're talking about rotational or twisting movements only on the body's vertical axis so as you can see here in this picture it looks like your arms and half of your body is kind of stuck in this wall right so the only thing that we're going to be able to do is Twist and Turn I'm not going to be able to move my arms right cuz they're stuck in the wall and I'm not going to be able to move at my waist to Bend forward or backwards so the only thing that I'm going to be able to do is to twist and turn next up we have the frontal plane it's also known as the corneal planes so they are used interchangeably when it comes to aits what this plane does is it actually separates our body from our posterior which is our back and our anterior which is the front so movements when it comes to the frontal plane are going to involve Motions like side to side away from and towards the midline so we have abduction which means we're moving away from the midline and we have adduction which means we're moving back towards the midline you also have the ability to raise your your arms or your legs out to your side exemplifying the movements within this frontal plane and then last up we have our sagittal or lateral plane again they're used interchangeably on the te's and this particular plane divides Us in half but at this time we're looking at our left side and our right side movements within the sagittal plane are those that occur with forward and backward right so flexion would be bending and extension would be straightening that's the typical movements that you're going to see in the sagittal plane and lastly the teas loves to test you on anatomical positions of different body parts so we're going to be using terms like anterior posterior medial lateral so let's break each one of these down so starting with anterior this is the front or forward-facing side of the body so if you are facing an individual and that individual is also facing you as well it's everything that you're going to see on the front so a good way to remember this is just everything that's in the front everything else is more posterior so if you think about it a common example of this could be the nose is anterior to the ear and then next up we have posterior which is the complete opposite of our anterior this is the back or rear side of the body so if somebody had their back turned to you and you were looking at their back side you're technically looking at their posterior side so we could say that the spine is posterior to the chest and next up we have medial and what medial means is that structures that are closer to the midline line of our body so that's like our sternum bone right everything that's really close to our midline so we could say that the nose is more medial than our eyes and you guess that the opposite of medial is lateral so lateral structures mean that they're further away from the midline of the body so we're talking about lateral we could say that the ears are lateral to the eyes and just like we talked about before with our transverse plane we have Superior and inferior Superior means that the position is going to be happening above or higher than another body part so our eyes are superior to our mouth and when it comes to inferior we're talking about the position being below or lower than another body part so we could say that the mouth is inferior to the eyes and lastly we have proximal versus distal so proximal refers to the point of attachment to the limb to the body proximal means closer so anything that attaches to the central portion of our body whether it's our femur our humorus that's in our arms right they're going to be more proximal because they're directly attaching to the body so in this case we could say the shoulder is proximal to our elbow and when we talk about disle we're talking about things being further away from the body right it's not directly at the attachment point it's much further on down the line so we could say that the fingers are distal to our wrist that is everything that you're going to need to know when it comes to General orientation of human Anatomy as always if you have any questions make sure that you leave them down below I love answering your questions head over to nurse Chun store.com there's a ton of additional resources in order to help you Ace those ait's exams and as always I'm going to catch you in the next video bye