🩻

Understanding X-ray Imaging and Procedures

Apr 23, 2025

X-ray: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

Overview

  • X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation similar to visible light.
  • Used to create images of the body by sending x-ray waves through it.
  • Images appear based on density:
    • Dense structures (e.g., bones) appear white.
    • Metal and contrast media also appear white.
    • Air appears black, while muscle, fat, and fluid appear as shades of gray.

How the Test is Performed

  • Conducted in hospital radiology department or healthcare provider’s office.
  • Patient positioning varies based on the type of x-ray.
  • Multiple views may be necessary.
  • Patients must remain still to avoid blurry images; may be asked to hold breath.

Common Types of X-rays

  • Abdominal x-ray
  • Barium x-ray
  • Bone x-ray
  • Chest x-ray
  • Dental x-ray
  • Extremity x-ray
  • Hand x-ray
  • Joint x-ray
  • Lumbosacral spine x-ray
  • Neck x-ray
  • Pelvis x-ray
  • Sinus x-ray
  • Skull x-ray
  • Thoracic spine x-ray
  • Upper GI and small bowel series
  • X-ray of the skeleton

Preparation for the Test

  • Inform health care team if pregnant or may be pregnant.
  • Remove all jewelry as metal can affect image clarity.
  • Wearing a hospital gown may be required.

How the Test Feels

  • X-rays are painless.
  • Certain positions might be uncomfortable temporarily.

Risks

  • X-ray radiation exposure is minimal and regulated.
  • Low risk of cancer or birth defects; benefits often outweigh risks.
  • Greater sensitivity in young children and unborn babies; important to inform provider of pregnancy.

Alternative Names

  • Radiography

References

  • Mettler FA. "Essentials of Radiology." 4th ed.
  • Rodney WM, Rodney JRM, Arnold KMR. "Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for Primary Care." 4th ed.

Review Date

  • Reviewed on 7/15/2024 by Jason Levy, MD, FSIR, and other experts.

Related Health Topics

  • Link to X-Rays on MedlinePlus.

Additional Information

  • For emergencies or medical diagnosis, consult a licensed medical professional.
  • A.D.A.M., Inc. accredited for health content provision.

Important Notices

  • Information not for use during a medical emergency or self-diagnosis.