X-ray: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

Overview

• X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation similar to visible light.
• Used to create images of the body by sending x-ray waves through it.
• Images appear based on density:
  • Dense structures (e.g., bones) appear white.
  • Metal and contrast media also appear white.
  • Air appears black, while muscle, fat, and fluid appear as shades of gray.

How the Test is Performed

• Conducted in hospital radiology department or healthcare provider’s office.
• Patient positioning varies based on the type of x-ray.
• Multiple views may be necessary.
• Patients must remain still to avoid blurry images; may be asked to hold breath.

Common Types of X-rays

• Abdominal x-ray
• Barium x-ray
• Bone x-ray
• Chest x-ray
• Dental x-ray
• Extremity x-ray
• Hand x-ray
• Joint x-ray
• Lumbosacral spine x-ray
• Neck x-ray
• Pelvis x-ray
• Sinus x-ray
• Skull x-ray
• Thoracic spine x-ray
• Upper GI and small bowel series
• X-ray of the skeleton

Preparation for the Test

• Inform health care team if pregnant or may be pregnant.
• Remove all jewelry as metal can affect image clarity.
• Wearing a hospital gown may be required.

How the Test Feels

• X-rays are painless.
• Certain positions might be uncomfortable temporarily.

Risks

• X-ray radiation exposure is minimal and regulated.
• Low risk of cancer or birth defects; benefits often outweigh risks.
• Greater sensitivity in young children and unborn babies; important to inform provider of pregnancy.

Alternative Names

• Radiography

References

• Mettler FA. "Essentials of Radiology." 4th ed.
• Rodney WM, Rodney JRM, Arnold KMR. "Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for Primary Care." 4th ed.

Review Date

• Reviewed on 7/15/2024 by Jason Levy, MD, FSIR, and other experts.

Related Health Topics

• Link to X-Rays on MedlinePlus.

Additional Information

• For emergencies or medical diagnosis, consult a licensed medical professional.
• A.D.A.M., Inc. accredited for health content provision.

Important Notices

• Information not for use during a medical emergency or self-diagnosis.