Overview
This lecture introduces the basics of computers, describes hardware and software components, explains programming and algorithms, and provides an overview of the Java programming language.
Computer Fundamentals
- A computer is an electronic device that processes data and outputs information.
- The four basic functions of a computer are input, process, output, and storage.
- Input devices include the keyboard and mouse; the CPU performs processing; monitors and speakers are output devices; hard drives and SSDs provide storage.
Software and Operating Systems
- Software is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do.
- Hardware cannot function without software.
- System software includes operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux.
- Application software includes programs like Word, Excel, and games.
Programming and Algorithms
- Programming is writing instructions (code) for computers to follow.
- Instructions must be written in a programming language.
- Problem-solving with programming involves logic and step-by-step instructions (algorithms).
- A daily routine, like making coffee, can be described as an algorithm.
Programming Languages
- A programming language is a formal way to write instructions the computer can understand.
- Different programming languages are suited for various tasks (e.g., Python for data science, C for systems, Java for general applications).
Java Overview
- Java is a widely used programming language.
- Java is object-oriented (based on objects and classes), portable (runs on many devices), secure, and widely used in banking, web, and Android apps.
- Well-known Java applications include Minecraft, Netflix backend, and many Android apps.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Computer — an electronic device that processes data and outputs information.
- Input Device — hardware used to enter data into a computer (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
- CPU (Central Processing Unit) — the component that processes data.
- Output Device — hardware that displays or produces the results of computer processing (e.g., monitor, speakers).
- Storage — hardware for saving data (e.g., hard drive, SSD).
- Software — a set of instructions that controls computer operations.
- System Software — software that manages computer hardware, like operating systems.
- Application Software — programs that perform specific tasks for users.
- Programming Language — a formal language for writing computer instructions.
- Algorithm — a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.
- Object-Oriented — programming based on objects and classes.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the main functions and components of a computer.
- Familiarize yourself with key differences between hardware, software, and programming languages.
- Explore the basics of Java and its applications.