right unit eight is going to move on to the appendicular skeleton uh we're going to start with the upper limbs the arms and the pectoral girdle remember that there are 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton this includes the upper limbs the arms the wrists the hands the pectoral girdle the pelvic girdle the lower limbs the ankles and the feet now almost all of these bones are going to be impal um so there's going to be two of each um the primary function of your appendicular skeleton is to work with the muscles for movement of the body although it does still have functions of the skeletal system like calcium storage um and uh uh blood cell formation so starting first with the pectoral girdle the pectoral girdle is the shoulder girdle this includes two pairs of Bones so two on each side uh the first is the clavicle the clavicle is on the anterior side uh sets right under the neck on either side of the sternum and then the scapula which is known as the shoulder blade so the shoulder blade is on the posterior side um the bump that you feel is actually the spine of the scapula that you can see right here in this figure so uh four of your bones of the appendicular skeleton are the pectoral girdle okay starting with the first part you have the clavicle the clavicle is going to articulate on the medial side uh or in the Middle with the manubrium of the sternum the little tie like the knot of the tie on the sternum so the medial side uh is going to be different on either side so it's going to be um toward the center on either side and then the other end the lateral side or the acromial side is going to articulate with the AC chromium projection or process of the scapula um so your clavicle is going to articulate with both the manubrium the sternum which is part of the axial skeleton and then the uh shoulder blade or the scapula okay the scapula sits on the posterior side but it has some projections that go across the top of the uh shoulder it is a flat bone it has what's known as the glenoid cavity and this glenoid cavity or glenoid fausa is actually where the head of the humoris the upper arm bone articulates so it forms the shoulder joint uh you have this projection that goes over the Superior part part of the shoulder it's called the acromium uh the acromium is what articulates with the scapula uh the coracoid process right here which is another process you can see kind of loops around almost like a hook here this coracoid process is for muscle attachment some of the major muscles including the biceps brachi ey or the biceps of the upper arm uh and your pectoralis minor which is one of the chest muscles those both attach here at the core process then on the posterior side you have the ridge here which is referred to as the spine and then above and below that you have a Supras spinos spasa and an infras spinos spasa and those are for muscle attachment moving on to the arms the upper bone so there's three main bones of the arm you have the humoris and then you have two bones in the forearm so the hum is the upper armb bone it's going to articulate with the scapula here on the proximal end uh forming the shoulder joint and it's going to articulate here with the radius and the olna at the elbow forming the elbow joint then you have your radius and your olna the radius is going to be on the lateral side or the thumb side so if you're in standing in anatomical position with your palms forward your thumb is uh going to be on the lateral side but you can just think of it as your radius is on the thumb side of your forearm and then the olna is on the medial side the opposite side those bones were both going to articulate with the humoris here at the elbow and then the carpal here in the wrist as well as with each other the carpal are the wrist bones the metacarpal are the bones of your hand and the fanges are the bones of the digits or the fingers in this case all right so looking at the humoris itself the head of the humoris forms the ball and socket joint of the shoulder um and it's going to articulate with the uh glenoid fossa or the glenoid cavity in the scapula um on the back side of the head you have the greater and lesser trol and those are for muscle and ligament attachment you also have the deltoid tuberosity which is a roughen portion here in the mid shaft of the humoris and this is for attachment of the deltoid muscle so if you imagine you ever go to get like a vaccination the shots they give you in your upper arm that's your deltoid muscle uh then on the elbow side you have the elron fausa the elron you can see right here is a little projection forms like a hinge at your elbow and that's part of the ulna but then you have a little fossa or an indention here at the bottom end of your humorous for that electron to fit in then you also have a flattened portion on the front side called the capitulum and that articulates with the head of the radius you can see right here the head of the radius almost looks like a circle or a wheel and so it articulates here at the capitulum and then the trolea uh helps form the elbow joint on your radius and Ola the olna uh you have the electron which is the most important process here and that you can see it on it's on the posterior side so you can see it poking out here you can see it over the top but uh the electron forms the hinge um of the um elbow uh and it will to get uh together with the coracoid process which you can see right here is going to wrap around the trolear Notch and form that troa of the elbow joint uh you also have a styloid process uh the sty process of the ilna you can see that right here it's for ligament attachment and it also helps stabilize your wrist and allow it your wrist to rotate okay on the radius you have the head of the radius which looks like a wheel you can see that there and that articulates with the capitulum of the humoris um and then it also has a styloid process um of the radius you can see that right here um and it uh attaches to the tendon of the bracho radi Alice muscle also notice here between your radius and Ola you have a connective tissue joint that we'll talk about in the next section when we do joints but this is a thick connective tissue that joins the radius in the ulna to keep them from pulling apart or separating okay moving on to the wrist the wrist is eight bones that are arranged in two rows of four um and uh if you look you can see uh in yellow is your proximal row that's the row closest to the elbow and then in green there is your distal Row the one closest to the hand so you can remember your bones because you can use this an acronym stop letting those people touch the cadaver's hand and that gives you in the right order uh starting in this proximal row the scaphoid stop the lunate letting the triquetrum which is right next to it the T and then the Pisa form which is right here for people stop letting those people scaphoid lunate to equitum pce form then in your distal row touch the cadaver's hand trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate and the hamate um is this one right here on the opposite side of your um thumb now moving on to the hands uh the metacarpal are the hand bones and they're numbered one through five either in just one two three four five or in Roman numerals is technically but we've gotten away from that and just use one through five um but Roman numerals you may see them listed that way the thumb side is going to be number one so you have one for each finger starting with the thumb then then you have 14 fanges three fanges on each finger so you have a uh proximal a medial and a distal fangy except for the thumb the thumb only has two and if you look at your joints you'll see you have two joints on all your fingers one joint on your thumb so that's why you get 14 instead of 15 um on the thumb you just don't have the middle you have the proximal in the distal uh the thumb is also known as the Pollock that's the technical anatomical U for uh word for the thumb