Lecture on Muscle Groups Contributing to Scapular Movement

Scapular Elevation

• Levator Scapulae:
  • Origin: Spine
  • Insertion: Superior angle of the scapula
  • Function: Lifts the scapula
• Upper Trapezius:
  • Origin: Spine
  • Insertion: Scapula
  • Function: Elevates the scapula

Scapular Depression

• Lower Trapezius:
  • Function: Pulls the scapula down
• Latissimus Dorsi:
  • Function: Assists in adduction of the GH joint, indirectly aiding scapular depression
• Pectoralis Major:
  • Function: Assists in adduction of the GH joint, contributing to scapular depression
• Gravity: Natural force aiding in scapular depression
• Against Gravity Movements:
  • Examples: Walking with crutches, sliding board transfers

Scapular Upward Rotation

• Upper Trapezius: Pulls the scapula upward
• Lower Trapezius: Pulls the scapula downward
• Serratus Anterior: Pulls the scapula laterally, combining to produce upward rotation

Scapular Downward Rotation

• Rhomboid Minor and Major:
  • Function: Pull the scapula downward when contracted
• Pectoralis Minor:
  • Function: Pulls the scapula downward, attached to the coracoid process
• Mnemonics for Rhomboids:
  • Above the spine: Rhomboid Minor
  • Below the spine: Rhomboid Major
  • Size differentiation: Major is larger, Minor is smaller

Scapular Protraction

• Serratus Anterior:
  • Origin: Rib
  • Insertion: Medial border of the scapula
  • Function: Brings the scapula laterally and forward, causing a winging effect
  • Note: Excessive winging indicates weak Serratus Anterior or long thoracic nerve injury

Scapular Retraction

• Rhomboid Minor and Major:
  • Function: Pull the scapula toward the midline
• Middle Trapezius:
  • Function: Pulls the scapula toward the midline

Summary of Movements

• Elevation
• Depression
• Protraction
• Retraction
• Upward Rotation
• Downward Rotation