hello class let's talk about Texas urbanization so again like I said these topics are gone these lectures are going to start being to be more thematic in nature so let's look at what's going on with Texas cities so Texas cities you know we got a long history of it and this lecture really won't take too long so I'll dip back throw out some information remember don't memorize the numbers remember learn the concepts so put things in perspective in 1860 when the civil around the time the Civil War began United States urban population is about 20 percent Texas is way behind the curve I mean in the south urbanization is only 8 percent Texas is at 5 percent so to put this into perspective one of the reasons is a population is extremely extremely small compared to rest of the country you know for example New Orleans has a total population of 175,000 Texas is only as a whole as the whole state six hundred thousands of total population it's got some major cities yeah San Antonio is a major trading center military headquarters in the state kind of the Gateway to to the West Galveston was a major port about 7,000 people I forgot to mention San Antonio only had a population of 8,000 he's send early railroad centers behind it at 5,000 then Austin because it's the capital is at about 3,000 so so basically cities are important cities are centers of local government you've got a trade service so you can go buy things you can have services so your horse throws a shoe hopefully not playing horse shoe haha but you go there to get some new shoes for your horse to get made also front organization of frontier defense also in cities you go there for churches that's another service a provided education social life you have newspapers some of the stuff we've talked about now one of the more interesting things is around this time period another definition for cities emerge and that is professionalization of firefighting and police force and so a true mark of a city is if you have a professional firefighting company and professional police force as well but then again I've thrown this dead out before Texas has even when it comes to small towns you know ie Dairy Queens Texas has only about 21 Dairy Queen's at this time compared to Iowa which has only a hundred basically slavery is really going to limit the number of small towns because people can rely more on the plantation on the local plantation than they need for for a town so in the late 19th century you're going to have continued development urbanization United States as a whole urban population is going to reach about 45% of the population Texas's texas is going to lag behind only 17% of the state's population lives in urban centers you got your your usual suspects as major cities San Antonio is lead is still in the lead as the largest city I've fit with 53,000 people living at the end of the of the nineteenth century because you had added railroads to the city military camps throughout Fort Sam in other military installations in in San Antonio including the Alamo still at this time I also it's a center point for cattle trade as well Houston developing commerce and railroads population about 44,000 Dallas very similar railroads and commerce is going to increase their population to about 42,000 Galveston because it has a developed full of Delap developed port has about 37,000 people Fort Worth because railroad goes through there and they are instrumental in with the stockyards for the cattle industry about 26,000 FYI Fort Worth nickname is Cal town it's also nicknamed Panther City because somebody thought they made make fun of Fort Worth saying the city is so boring that a panther was caught sleeping on the on the steps of the City Hall and so fort worth being Fort Worth just embraced the comments and in in even the the minor league baseball team there is known as the cats because of being Panther City Austin is about twenty two thousand because it has obviously the capital is the center of government in the state and it also has the University of Texas located there and so why is there a growth and urbanization well services are bringing people from the farms you have the beginning of some industrialization you have you know things we take for granted today that you think everywhere everybody has but only in cities could you go and have electricity and and experience telephones as well but one of the things as these cities or the cities are growing or getting bigger in size they're no longer walking cities but they are growing out and up thanks to paved streets and streetcars but the twentieth century is what really changes everything especially after World War Two so combine this with the with the the Texas economy lecture that you just had you can see where all these industrial developments and technologies are going to encourage more people to move to the cities and so after World War Two with the state's population booming because soldiers coming back basically and also the jobs that are available in the number of farms being reduced because of the Great Depression more and more people are going from rural areas into cities and and the population of Texas is booming cities are increasing in size and you're going to see you're going to see some significant changes not only the size of cities but also the populations and who is wearing the size so so let's let's let's throw out some some numbers here the numbers I'm throwing out they you know these are a little dated I'll admit these are from the early you know late 80s early 90s is is where I got most of this information from at the time but it's still pretty much holds true the largest city in Texas now is going to be in the 20th century is going to be Houston Houston had added a port so it tied into international international trade it's also the seat of oil industry in the state of Texas you have manufacturing within Houston as well and then of course it is central in with with NASA with the space race so that as I'm explained in the in the economics lecture brings in even more people provides more services provides more jobs and then of course there's a large number of universities in Houston not just University of Houston but you have Rice Texas Southern University you have all the the all the junior colleges in the Houston area and so so Houston is definitely that the population is much more than 1.6 million today but still it's the largest city in Texas Dallas second largest let me get Dallas up here Dallas is second largest city in the state you have kind of it's it's central to the banking industry within within Texas and also you have culture you have introduction of a large number of museums theaters in in the city and then also universities as well so a population of around a million Santonio still the greatest city in Texas and the world one of the things that really revolutionizes San Antonio San Antonio is going to grow air bases are one of the main reasons because people come the train in San Antonio they serve in San Antonio they stay behind in San Antonio if you ever get a chance and you drive out west of town down highway 90 you see a lot of airforce retirement communities and so this is boosting the you know boosting San Antonio the population of San Antonio and st. Antonio is also adding tourism so San Antonio is a major tourist destination in the state of Texas just think about everything that's available and not only did you have downtown you have history you have museums throughout I mean don't even mention the food I'm hungry thinking about meat eaters I've been there in a while needing I guess I need a go there as soon as I can you got SeaWorld you got Fiesta Texas you have the surrounding areas I mean because New Braunfels kind of ties into it tourism with the largest water park in the world and so San Antonio is is pretty significant and in the 20th century Texas El Paso is another major city a little over 400,000 people living in El Paso it's its main its main industry you know the El Paso really became big in Texas because of Fort Bliss that's there so some you have the army fortification there that really kind of like San Antonio soldiers served there they tend to stay in that in the area you also have the railroad going through through their connection to the west coast and then you also have border commerce so a lot of trade across the border another one of my favorite cities and in Texas Fort Worth old Cal town you gotta love it Fort Worth it is central to culture lots and lots of museums art museums history museums rodeo hall of fame you know cowboy cowgirl Hall of Fame all important but also yeah it's a center for for airplane industry so it's where General Dynamics is at and think about the economic impact that has how many people that draws into that area for jobs and then of course you have universities throughout Fort Worth including Texas Christian University TCU you have new you know Tarrant County College's as well throughout for war so really great place a lot of culture really good place to visit and then last but last is Austin Austin is center to the added industries and kind it does have a cultural contribution it's kind of the hub of music within the state and it also has lots of colleges within and universities within their borders including Houston Tilson University of Texas Austin Community College just to name a few and so and so some of the factors that's really adding to the size in the growth of these cities is you know automobiles really are encouraging more people to move to these cities and living into the in the suburbs so you work in the city where the jobs are but you can live just outside of town also you have a lot of people moving from from other parts of the country into Texas now you can see this today you know early on it was people from the north moving down the Texas have better weather warmer weather you people coming here for the electronics industry and now one of the more recent in the 21st century you get a lot of people from states such as California where they have high living costs coming to Texas where they can where their money goes a lot further and also they have a lot more freedom to be able to do what they want to do with their own property but with this you're going to have a lot of pressures pressures of pollution you know people are demanding greater services leading to 2 p.m. environmental issues within these cities I mean cities are always going to be areas where you have high congestion of traffic a lot of litter coming being produced in the cities as well Lawton wouldn't take about waste I'm not talking about just trash I'm talking about sewage as well but we're not going to talk about that also I know I mean this sounds kind of strange but well one thing that kind of holds these cities together are going to be professional sports you know in in Texas we have you know we're pretty proud of our professionals teams you know you have the no I guess you can be proud Dallas Cowboys I'm a lifelong Cowboys fan always will be been a fan since before Danny white was quarterback yeah it's a little embarrassing it's been a drought and a pretty bad drought lately Houston Texans another team and then of course you got the the ultimate professional sports team and that's the San Antonio Spurs you know you go we got a couple of JV teams you know you got Houston Dallas but you know they're all JV not like not like our Spurs and so this is one way to kind of hold people in together and then also the cities are going to reflect the the culture of the people so like I had mentioned before Fort Worth you have the cowboy and cowgirl museums because guess what it's a major hub of the cattle industry and so that's what's going to be represented within the city so you're gonna have museums you have other things that attract people into these cities zoos theaters cultural opportunities restaurants are armed I mean I already mentioned meat eaters I mean there are people that come to San Antonio just to eat at meat eaters and in upset its before in class I'll say it again you gotta go if you get a chance in San Antonio it's open 24 hours a day so there's no excuse to not go by so the impact of all this is that you're going to have almost continuous growth so saying so Texas transform radically especially at the last part of the 20th century when it comes to these cities so I 35 corridor essentially he has become one long metro metropolitan area so starting from San Antonio all the way up to just north of Dallas and Fort Worth growing up as a kid you didn't see that I mean you had San Antonio and when he traveled there was only one thing between San Antonio and New Braunfels and that was snake farm just sounds nasty snake farm pretty much is snake farm it's a reptile house snake farm yeah if you don't know that look up the song there is a song about snake farm sung by ray Wylie Hubbard it's it's a classic and so and so you have this one huge long metropolitan area where it's literally just kind of cities it's just one big city from San Antonio all the way up and so in many ways growing up in Texas before that it's kind of depressing because literally I mean the forum wasn't there there was nothing in that area rollin Oaks Mall didn't even exist back in the day between San Antonio and and New Braunfels 1604 is only one one lane each way it's still just tough to imagine that there was the only thing on 1604 was UTSA and that was because it was in the middle of nowhere Santonio at the time all right and so you're also going to have one continuous area in Houston you know between Houston Beaumont and Galveston the last time I was down there I still couldn't believe it was one continuous city from Houston all the way to Galveston and so all this and so would you sees you had this constant growth because because Texas is the fastest growing state in the nation right now just north of San Antonio you know same Marcus's the fastest girl is one of the fastest growing cities Comal County where new braunfels is it one of the fastest is the second fastest growing County in the nation it's just mind-boggling how many people are moving into Texas I mean that's good to have people but at the same time it's not so good to have more people I kind of like my Texans but as as as you can tell people when they come to Texas they realize the culture here is extremely accepting yeah it's a little different than maybe where you came from but the people are friendly that throws some people off trust me there's nothing I like doing more than going to another to end you know go to like Washington DC or Philadelphia and be friendly it just blows people's minds but that's just the way we are here in Texas it's the reason why we you know it's we're not just a Lone Star State but we're the friend we're the friendship state as well or friendly state and so one of the big issues that the fact that this has besides this continuous metropolitan areas is it really taxes our water supply Texas doesn't have only has one natural lake that's Lake Caddo in the band we share it with Louisiana so it's up there by by Jefferson in Marshall Texas and far northeast Texas and so we've started damming a lot of our rivers to create these reservoirs and so we and so this way we can keep we can we can keep some of that river water you know we use the river dam up the river float up until Lake so we have these reservoirs that we can use because you know we'd rely heavily on the aquifer as well but sometimes those aquifers don't fill up quite as fast as as some of our rivers I mean Ogallala Aquifer up in West Texas is is a good example of that and so but one of the one of the current and so the one issue is are we going to run out of water for all these people that are coming into Texas and then you throw on top of that a lot of these dams are pretty old some of them were pushing a hundred years old and there some of them are failing so for example I live real close to Lake Dunlap here in New Braunfels and that one that one failed just a little over a year ago and now it's just gone the lake is gone all you have is just the river still the Guadalupe River is still flowing through and so this is really you also gotta think this isn't just residential usage but it's also commercial usage of this water because you have farmers that need this water you have businesses that need this water not just the people living in the state and so that's gonna be the real big question about the future of Texas is are we going to be able to keep enough water to sustain our economic growth and so urbanization is a good thing it provides opportunities to provide services it drives the economy but at the same time it really challenges the liability you know if we can't find solutions to some of these future problems it's going to really create some issues for these people that are reliant on services in this area they do not have the ability to take care of themselves like say people in rural areas do and so with that as Texas urbanization as always feel free to contact me if you have any questions hope everybody's doing well take care bye