Key Points on Lakshmi

Introduction

• Lakshmi is a principal goddess in Hinduism, known as the goddess of wealth, fortune, love, beauty, joy, and prosperity.
• She is considered as prakriti while Vishnu is purusha within Vaishnavism.
• Forms the trinity of goddesses (Tridevi) with Parvati and Saraswati.
• Wife and divine energy (Shakti) of Vishnu, aiding in the universe's creation, sustenance, and destruction.

Iconography and Symbolism

• Depicted as a golden-colored woman with an owl as her vehicle, signifying economic activity's importance.
• Often shown on or with a lotus, symbolizing fortune, self-knowledge, and spiritual liberation.
• Four hands represent dharma (moral life), artha (wealth), kama (love), and moksha (liberation).
• Elephants symbolize work and strength, while the owl represents knowledge and prosperity.

Historical Context

• References and reverence for Lakshmi found in ancient texts and coins dating back to 1st millennium BCE.
• Her iconography is prevalent in Hindu temples throughout Southeast Asia.
• Celebrated through festivals such as Diwali (Lakshmi Puja) and Sharad Purnima.

Names and Etymology

• Known by many names including Sri, Narayani, Bhagavati, and My.
• Her name derives from Sanskrit roots meaning 'goal, aim, objective,' symbolizing the importance of knowing and understanding one's goals.

Manifestations and Aspects

• Lakshmi has three primary forms: Sri, Bhu, and Durga, assisting Vishnu in the universe's management.
• Ashta Lakshmi describes her eight manifestations, each representing different forms of wealth.

Cultural Influence

• Revered not just in Hinduism but also in Jain and Buddhist traditions.
• In Buddhist sects, known as Vasudhara, reflecting abundance and prosperity.
• Seen in various cultures: China, Japan (Kishijoten), Tibet, Nepal, and Bali, with adaptations in local beliefs.

Role in Texts

• Extensive mention in ancient Hindu texts including the Vedas, Upanishads, and Puranas.
• Stotram and Sutras dedicated to Lakshmi emphasize both material and spiritual wealth.
• Associated with virtues, moral conduct, and governance as seen in Subhasita literature.

Festivals and Rituals

• Major festivals include Diwali, where Lakshmi is worshipped for wealth and prosperity.
• Rituals often involve prayers, hymns, and artistic representations like Gaja Lakshmi.
• Celebrations signify light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance, and good over evil.

Archaeological Evidence

• Artifacts and coins from various ancient civilizations depict Lakshmi, demonstrating her historical significance.
• Notable finds include statues, sculptures, gems, and coins from across India and beyond.

Conclusion

• Lakshmi remains a central figure in Hinduism and other cultures, symbolizing prosperity, wealth, and the pursuit of goals and spiritual knowledge.