Overview
This lecture covers the catalytic production of nitric acid, detailing key chemical reactions and conditions used in the process.
Catalytic Production of Nitric Acid
- Ammonia reacts with atmospheric oxygen in the presence of a platinum catalyst at 500–600°C.
- The reaction produces nitric oxide (NO) and water vapor.
- Nitric oxide then reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide (NO₂).
- Nitrogen dioxide further reacts with water to produce nitric acid (HNO₃) in liquid form.
- The process yields diluted nitric acid (65-70%) and can be concentrated up to 98% for specific applications.
Key Reactions
- Ammonia + Oxygen → Nitric oxide + Water
- Nitric oxide + Oxygen → Nitrogen dioxide
- Nitrogen dioxide + Water → Nitric acid
Key Terms & Definitions
- Platinum catalyst — A substance that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed, used here to speed ammonia oxidation.
- Nitric oxide (NO) — A colorless gas formed by the oxidation of ammonia.
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) — A brown gas formed from nitric oxide and oxygen.
- Nitric acid (HNO₃) — A strong acid produced by dissolving nitrogen dioxide in water.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the formulas and steps for nitric acid preparation.
- Study the role of catalysts and temperature in the industrial process.