Definition: A system of touch reading and writing for blind individuals using raised dots to represent letters, punctuation, and symbols.
Reading Method: Left to right motion, using both hands, typically with index fingers.
Reading Speed: Average 125 words per minute; possible to reach speeds up to 200 wpm.
Advantages:
Provides access to various reading materials (recreational, educational, financial statements, menus, contracts, regulations, cookbooks, etc.).
Supports cultural and hobby-related activities through music scores, hymnals, cards, and games.
Comparison to Other Methods: Braille succeeded over other systems as it is designed specifically for fingertip reading rather than mimicking eye-based signs.
Braille's Inspiration
Charles Barbier's System:
Developed in the early 1800s, not dependent on pen and paper.
Initial belief: Created for soldiers to read at night without light.
Reality: Created for people with blindness, using a 12-dot cell format.
Limitation: Too large for single-touch reading by fingers.
Enter Louis Braille
Biography:
Born January 4, 1809, in Coupvray, France.
Blinded at a young age due to an accident involving an awl.
Development of Braille:
Inspired at age 11 to simplify Barbier's system.
Created a 6-dot cell system, more efficient for finger reading.
Acceptance and Evolution:
Over time, became the standard communication method for the blind.
Modifications added contractions for faster reading and smaller book sizes.
Officially adopted in France (1854) and later in the USA (1860).
Timeline of Braille Advancements
1869: Introduction of braille code.
1932: Standardization of braille as the English code.
1973: Rehabilitation Act inclusion in public education, not universally taught.
1975: Education of All Handicapped Children Act enacted.
1991: National Literacy Act redefined literacy standards.
1997: IDEA evaluation for braille appropriateness in education.
Legacy of Braille
Impact:
Provides literacy and access to printed materials for blind individuals globally.
Empowers success in education and careers.
Standardization Efforts: Multiple groups work to continue modifying and standardizing braille.
Additional Resources
Links to further information on braille alphabets, history, definitions, and related topics.