Introduction to VLSI

hello everyone today i&#39;m going to give the introduction to the vlsi that is very large scale integration so before going into the introduction so we have to know uh who invented the transistor and who invented the first ic and at the same time who invented the mass transistor after that what happened how the transformation will take in place from small scale integration to large scale integration like that where we have to know okay so here further the first transistor was invented in 1947 by william b shockley and walter h patton and john bardin at bell laboratories so after that the mass transistor was invented by muhammad in 1959 so after this the first ic was made by jack kelby in july 1958 with germanium material in texas instruments okay so now after that robot noisy invents the first true monolithic ic by using the silicon and connected with the copper lines from the facial semiconductors okay these are the scientists who invented the transistor that is bipolar junction transistor and after that the mass transistor after that the ic that was invented in 1958 okay so after the invention of this transistor bipolar junction transistor by uh william shockley and john braden and john barton at bell laboratory after that the ic was made by jack kilby in july 1958 with germanium material okay so after that the mass transistor was invented by muhammad m attella and don kong in 1959 okay so after invention of that mass transistor the ic technology has grown very rapidly that means what uh because of its size and all those things the trans transistor size will be reduced so automatically we can have more number of transistors so before that after that uh the first ic was made by chan kelvin with germanium material and after that robot noisy invented the first true monolithic ic with the silicon material and the interconnections on the ic was done by using the copper material okay but what is ic here what is ic so what is ic means your integrated circuit integrated circuit so what is integration generally we will consider as summation okay similarly here the integration means integrated circuit integration means placing of more number of transistors on a single silicon material okay so is called as what the integrated circuit integrator circuit can be defined as placing of more number of transistors on a single silicon area or single silicon wafer is called as what integrated circuits so that integrator circuit was first invented by job kelby with the germanium material and next robot noisy by using the silicon material now after that how this transformation how this size of the transistor will be reduced here by here that is nothing but given by technology roadmap here okay so here i am giving that here and the technology in nanometers so it is nothing but future size of the transistor we will consider as the technology name so here technology that is you are measuring here in nanometer okay so in 1999 what is the future size or the transistor technology is nothing but 180 nanometer technology we have used after that it is goes on to the 130 in 2002 in 2005 it is unmade and in 2008 it is 70 nanometers and in 2011 it is 50 and in 2014 35 in 2016 that is 20 and in 2019 it is comes to uh seven nanometers uh technology we are using after that in 2021 so the research is going on on five nanometer technology uh that is like this here as we goes on with from 1999 to now 2021 gradually the size of or the future size of the transistor is reduced or the technology size will be reduced here that is from 99 it is 180 and it goes on to the five nanometers where it is that how the transformation of this size of the transistor will be taking place from 99 to this 2021 okay that is from 180 to 5 nanometers now uh in 2019 that is the taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company has done the its research and at the same time samsung has samsung has done the research on seven nanometers and now it is the research is going on on fine nanometer technology that is in nowadays that is in 2021 okay so this is how this transformation is taken place from 99 to 2001 in terms of the future size or the technology that is 180 nanometer technology to 5 nanometer technology okay so this is about the roadmap to the ic technology and now i am going to explain about what is the classification of ic okay so ic is nothing but what the placing of more number of transistors on a single ship single silicon wafer or silicon area okay so that is what i see and here we are having the classification of isis okay so here the classification of ic that is integrated circuit uh here is based on uh four types we have that is nothing but scales of integration that is small scale integration we have is small scale integration small scale integration and medium scale integration and lot scale integration and what is small scale integration what is medium scale integration and what is logical integration how many transistors that are placed on the silicon wafer we will see after this classification so here depending on isis will be classified depending on these scales of integration that is ssi that is small scale integration your medium scale integration medium scale integration and next we have what large scale integration and next we have very large scale integration our topic is this one here very large scale integration that is after that ultra large scale integration and after that we have giga or james scale integration and next we have is wafer scale integration like that we have many uh next 3d is also there and 3d ic is also there and s4c silicon that is system one chip is also we have here that is these are the different classification that is the first one classification is based on scales of integration scales of integration means how many transistors we are placing on each wave for our silicon material okay so that depends the the number of transistors or the size of the chip will be depends depending on the size of the sheet we have small scale uh next one medium scale large scale and very large scale ultra large scale and j inter giga scale integration and next we have vapor scale integration and we have 3d ics and we have suppose okay like this it is depending on the size of the chip we have classified like this that is the scales of integration scales of integration we have this that means integration is how many number of transistors that will be placed on the silicon area depending on that it is classified as ics are classified as like this okay so after that what we have is functionality okay so here we have uh we have generally we have analog ics and digitalizes that is the ics that will perform a function or operation uh that is analog on analog signals and at the same time we have digital also so depending on the functioning or the operation of the isis we have classified here analog ics are linear ics linear or analog gases next one is this distal isis and we have the third one is mixed rice&#39;s okay so this is the classification of ice is based on its functionality functioning and at the same time also we called as here which type it is that is linear or analog and another one is digital okay so next one is mixed mixing of this analog on digital ics so it will perform if it is mixed ic that means it will perform both analog operations and at the same time digital operations on the signals so that is why here depending on the functioning we have classified the ics as three types linear or analog next one is digital and the third one is mixed signal so the next what we have is nothing but depending on the structure okay so how the ic will be presented what is the structure of that ic we have uh these types of ices that is monolithic is one mass sizes metal oxide semiconductor as is our next one is film is okay so it is monolithic ices and mass ics uh and we have film ices in this film isis we have thin pill and thick film ices okay so next what we have is depending on the logic families so depending on the logic families means we have different logic families that is out of that unipolar logic family and bipolar logic family bipolar means you can consider bipolar junction transistor that is the main transistor type what we are using in this bipolar logic families that is uh we have easier logic family okay so next one is what for example is this one ecl is the example and next one is unipolar unipolar means here we have many that is and mass technology and mass ics and pmos sizes we have mixed that is cmos and by c mass technology like that we have that is logic families that is unique polar and bipolar logic families like this we have the classification of isis that is taking place okay so here after the invention of this mass transistor that means navaid is the most widely used technology is nothing but the cmos technology or mass technology we have so mass technology that means in all the integrated circuit nowadays that is using is complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology we are going to use nowadays okay for high speed applications we are going to use by cmos also that is the latest one okay so this is about how these ices will be classified now after that we will go with scales of integration out of that we have small scale integration medium scale and large scale and our topic is your very large scale integration okay so now uh we&#39;ll go with how this scales of integration will be transformed for small scale 2 jain or giga scale integration and how many transistors will be placed on that and next one is how many devices or gates will be placed on that we will see now now we will move on to the uh moore&#39;s law here so what is moore&#39;s law most law is nothing but it gives the relation or the relation between number of transistors on the silicon chip versus the years okay so that was proposed by the golden moor okay so he is the co-founder of intel in 1960s okay so here the relationship between the number of transistors per chip versus the year has become the most first law after the predictions made by the golden moor to more the co-founder of the intel in 1960s okay so because of its predictions how the how many number of transistors will be increased year by year on a chip will be predicted by this scientist that is gordon moore because of that it is called as moore&#39;s law okay so after that nowadays uh the most law will be according to moore&#39;s law now the number of transistors per square inch of the chip will be double for every 18 months approximately now this is the moore&#39;s law what we have here that is according to moore&#39;s law now the number of transistors per square inch of a chip will be uh double for every 18 months approximately so this is about the moore&#39;s law we have now we are going with the depending on the scales of integration or the number of transistors that are present on the chip we have classified different scales of integrations of ic okay so that is what here we have i have tabulated okay so depending on the scales of integration are the number of transistors on the chip we have different classification here that is what uh here i have given here on scales of integration next the circuits for the chip how many circuits we are going to use for the chip the next one is the number of transistors for the chip on next one is the products or devices we are producing are at the time of by using this scales of integration okay already i have introduced these scales of integration in the classification of ics that is small scale integration medium scale integration large scale integration and at the same time very large scale integration that is our actual topic we have here in the coming classes we are going to discuss what is very logical integration and what is fabrication and all those things we are going to discuss okay now after that we have very large scale integration ultra lot scale integration joint or giga log scale integration uh next the latest one we have vapor scale integration and the system on chip under the same time 3d ics so like this it is classified here we have okay so in 1964 we have the small scale integration that will be short form it will be represented with ssi small scale integration that means what less number of transistors or the gates will be placed on this chip or this silicon area or silicon wafers so that is called as what small scale integration that is represented with the ssi okay until 1967 it is continued that is small scale integration and how many circuits we can place is we can place less than 12 circuits okay below 12 we can place on the chip next what we have here how many transistors we can place is 1 to 10 transistors that means 1 to 10 that is below 10 number of transistors we can place on the chip at the time of the small small scale integration so that is what here we have uh what are the devices we can form that is planar devices that is logic gates we can form our next one is flip flops so and gate or gate nand gate nor gate and all those things we can form by using the small scale integration and at the same time we are we are also having the flip flops that is the memory elements okay next what we have here the second one in 1967 this medium scale integration was proposed and this is called in short form as msi okay so that is here we have on this one we can place 12 to 99 transistors sorry chips circuits on the single sip or silicon area okay so this is 12 to 99 okay in between 12 to 99 we can place in this medium square integration so how many transistors we can place is here it is from 10 to 500 transistors we can place on the single chip okay then what are the devices we can made by using these transistors or these circuits we can have is what are the products that can be produced is nothing but counters next multiplexers and adders so these are the combinational uh circuits what we have that is counters uh multiplexers d multiplexers uh next one is what adders okay so this thing that is off adder full adder all those things we can place by using or we can produce uh by using this medium scale integration so after that the next transformation is up to 72 we have used this medium scale integration and after that we have the large scale integration okay so in this large scale integration in short form it is called as lsi on this one in this one we are going to use or we are going to accommodate how many how many transistors or how many chips on the how many circuits on the chip is nothing but from 100 to triple line that is 999 number of circuits we can place on the chip and at the same time we have here 500 to 20 000 number of transistors we can place on this okay on a single chip 500 to 20 000 okay so if you consider or if you have a transistor transistor can be used as a an inverter circuit inverter we can form after that we can form and the gate or gate like that by using nand gate two nand gates or two nor gates we can form the flip flops here okay like that here as we increases the number of transistors on the chip on the silicon wafer what we have considered okay so we can form more and more number of transistors so that here if you observe as we goes on with the small scale integration medium scale integration and lot square integration okay the size of the integrated circuits will be reduced okay how it will be we can see in the coming classes that is scaling of a transistor so that is here we have uh in large scale integration we can place the under two of 99 999 or circuits we can place next we have here 500 to 20 000 transistors we can place with those transistors with different connections we can form number of devices number of products so that is what here 500 to 20 000 so that is formed the very important one is nothing but 8-bit microprocessor and read-only memory and random access memory so these memory elements we can form and at the same time 8-bit processor we can form on by using this large scale integration and the most on very very important integration scales of integration is very large scale integration till now the widely used skills of integration is nothing but vlsi okay very large scale integration okay so here we have from uh that is 10 000 to 99 999 number of circuits we can place on the chip and at the same time here we have 20 000 to 1 million number of transistors we can place on the chip in very large scale integration okay then what are the products we can produce by using this very large scale integration many products we are producing that is nothing but uh our examples here is 16 comma 32-bit process okay so 16-bit comma 32-bit micro parser and many memory elements we can place here that means we have large memory elements we can make by using this very large scale integration okay so now we have what ultra large scale integration this one is here we have 1 lakh to 9 lakh 99 000. nine hundred and nine number of circuits we can place in this one and next we have here one million two hundred million number of transistors we can place in this ultra large scale integration uh in this one we are going to make special processors and at the same time virtual reality machines next one is smart sensors so like that we can make many number of many number of products or devices by using this ultra large scale integration after that we have j scale integration gsi in short form we call in this one we can use 100 million to and more number of transistors we can place okay so after that the technology 1996 is nothing but vapor scale integration what is vapor scale integration means if you consider silicon wafer on that silicon wafer completely we can place many number of circuits to uh and we can produce our required one and the speeder one or spheres circuits or speeder computers that is nothing but what super chips we can produce super chips and next one is what parallel super computers and we have fiber optic applications so what is the application main application of this wafer scale integration wsi is nothing but here in this one we can use the total completely to complete wafer is used to produce the ic or these devices that is nothing but super super chips next one we have parallel super computers and fiber optics applications okay next we have what the system on ship or that is supposed to see all the components suppose if you require a system or a computer so all the components all the components you require for a system or computer will be placed on a silicon single silicon chip okay that is called as what here we have system on chip okay so all the components requires for a computer or system placed on a single chip okay so this is what here we have system on chip next one here we have is the final one that is 3d ics 3ds is nothing but two or more layers of active components uh placed both vertically and horizontally and it can be form a single circuit okay this is nothing but 3d axis so this is what how the scales of integration has classified are are transformed from small scale integration to the large scale integration very large scale integration ultra lot skill integration or giant log scale integration like that as we goes on from uh from 1964 to now uh there is a lot of change a lot of transformations taking place in the ic technology and at the same time navier days the complementary mass technology that is cmos technology is widely used uh technology for the all the vlsi applications or present technology of different applications okay so that is what here we have and here the classification and what are the divisions we can produce by using the small scale integration medium scale integration logical integration and very large scale integration and also log scale integration and joint scale integration and way for scale integration and h1 is system on shape and h1 is 3d ics like this we have classified the scales of integration so out of that we are our topic is here this one we have very large scale integration okay so in the coming classes we are going to see what is the very large scale integration and uh next what what we are going to study is nothing but what are the different mass technologies and what is the their electrical behaviors and all those things we are going to discuss in the coming classes okay so this is about the moore&#39;s law on scales of integration and at the same time the introduction to the vlsi here okay thank you

hello everyone today i&amp;#39;m going to give the introduction to the vlsi that is very large scale integration so before going into the introduction so we have to know uh who invented the transistor and who invented the first ic and at the same time who invented the mass transistor after that what happened how the transformation will take in place from small scale integration to large scale integration like that where we have to know okay so here further the first transistor was invented in 1947 by william b shockley and walter h patton and john bardin at bell laboratories so after that the mass transistor was invented by muhammad in 1959 so after this the first ic was made by jack kelby in july 1958 with germanium material in texas instruments okay so now after that robot noisy invents the first true monolithic ic by using the silicon and connected with the copper lines from the facial semiconductors okay these are the scientists who invented the transistor that is bipolar junction transistor and after that the mass transistor after that the ic that was invented in 1958 okay so after the invention of this transistor bipolar junction transistor by uh william shockley and john braden and john barton at bell laboratory after that the ic was made by jack kilby in july 1958 with germanium material okay so after that the mass transistor was invented by muhammad m attella and don kong in 1959 okay so after invention of that mass transistor the ic technology has grown very rapidly that means what uh because of its size and all those things the trans transistor size will be reduced so automatically we can have more number of transistors so before that after that uh the first ic was made by chan kelvin with germanium material and after that robot noisy invented the first true monolithic ic with the silicon material and the interconnections on the ic was done by using the copper material okay but what is ic here what is ic so what is ic means your integrated circuit integrated circuit so what is integration generally we will consider as summation okay similarly here the integration means integrated circuit integration means placing of more number of transistors on a single silicon material okay so is called as what the integrated circuit integrator circuit can be defined as placing of more number of transistors on a single silicon area or single silicon wafer is called as what integrated circuits so that integrator circuit was first invented by job kelby with the germanium material and next robot noisy by using the silicon material now after that how this transformation how this size of the transistor will be reduced here by here that is nothing but given by technology roadmap here okay so here i am giving that here and the technology in nanometers so it is nothing but future size of the transistor we will consider as the technology name so here technology that is you are measuring here in nanometer okay so in 1999 what is the future size or the transistor technology is nothing but 180 nanometer technology we have used after that it is goes on to the 130 in 2002 in 2005 it is unmade and in 2008 it is 70 nanometers and in 2011 it is 50 and in 2014 35 in 2016 that is 20 and in 2019 it is comes to uh seven nanometers uh technology we are using after that in 2021 so the research is going on on five nanometer technology uh that is like this here as we goes on with from 1999 to now 2021 gradually the size of or the future size of the transistor is reduced or the technology size will be reduced here that is from 99 it is 180 and it goes on to the five nanometers where it is that how the transformation of this size of the transistor will be taking place from 99 to this 2021 okay that is from 180 to 5 nanometers now uh in 2019 that is the taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company has done the its research and at the same time samsung has samsung has done the research on seven nanometers and now it is the research is going on on fine nanometer technology that is in nowadays that is in 2021 okay so this is how this transformation is taken place from 99 to 2001 in terms of the future size or the technology that is 180 nanometer technology to 5 nanometer technology okay so this is about the roadmap to the ic technology and now i am going to explain about what is the classification of ic okay so ic is nothing but what the placing of more number of transistors on a single ship single silicon wafer or silicon area okay so that is what i see and here we are having the classification of isis okay so here the classification of ic that is integrated circuit uh here is based on uh four types we have that is nothing but scales of integration that is small scale integration we have is small scale integration small scale integration and medium scale integration and lot scale integration and what is small scale integration what is medium scale integration and what is logical integration how many transistors that are placed on the silicon wafer we will see after this classification so here depending on isis will be classified depending on these scales of integration that is ssi that is small scale integration your medium scale integration medium scale integration and next we have what large scale integration and next we have very large scale integration our topic is this one here very large scale integration that is after that ultra large scale integration and after that we have giga or james scale integration and next we have is wafer scale integration like that we have many uh next 3d is also there and 3d ic is also there and s4c silicon that is system one chip is also we have here that is these are the different classification that is the first one classification is based on scales of integration scales of integration means how many transistors we are placing on each wave for our silicon material okay so that depends the the number of transistors or the size of the chip will be depends depending on the size of the sheet we have small scale uh next one medium scale large scale and very large scale ultra large scale and j inter giga scale integration and next we have vapor scale integration and we have 3d ics and we have suppose okay like this it is depending on the size of the chip we have classified like this that is the scales of integration scales of integration we have this that means integration is how many number of transistors that will be placed on the silicon area depending on that it is classified as ics are classified as like this okay so after that what we have is functionality okay so here we have uh we have generally we have analog ics and digitalizes that is the ics that will perform a function or operation uh that is analog on analog signals and at the same time we have digital also so depending on the functioning or the operation of the isis we have classified here analog ics are linear ics linear or analog gases next one is this distal isis and we have the third one is mixed rice&amp;#39;s okay so this is the classification of ice is based on its functionality functioning and at the same time also we called as here which type it is that is linear or analog and another one is digital okay so next one is mixed mixing of this analog on digital ics so it will perform if it is mixed ic that means it will perform both analog operations and at the same time digital operations on the signals so that is why here depending on the functioning we have classified the ics as three types linear or analog next one is digital and the third one is mixed signal so the next what we have is nothing but depending on the structure okay so how the ic will be presented what is the structure of that ic we have uh these types of ices that is monolithic is one mass sizes metal oxide semiconductor as is our next one is film is okay so it is monolithic ices and mass ics uh and we have film ices in this film isis we have thin pill and thick film ices okay so next what we have is depending on the logic families so depending on the logic families means we have different logic families that is out of that unipolar logic family and bipolar logic family bipolar means you can consider bipolar junction transistor that is the main transistor type what we are using in this bipolar logic families that is uh we have easier logic family okay so next one is what for example is this one ecl is the example and next one is unipolar unipolar means here we have many that is and mass technology and mass ics and pmos sizes we have mixed that is cmos and by c mass technology like that we have that is logic families that is unique polar and bipolar logic families like this we have the classification of isis that is taking place okay so here after the invention of this mass transistor that means navaid is the most widely used technology is nothing but the cmos technology or mass technology we have so mass technology that means in all the integrated circuit nowadays that is using is complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology we are going to use nowadays okay for high speed applications we are going to use by cmos also that is the latest one okay so this is about how these ices will be classified now after that we will go with scales of integration out of that we have small scale integration medium scale and large scale and our topic is your very large scale integration okay so now uh we&amp;#39;ll go with how this scales of integration will be transformed for small scale 2 jain or giga scale integration and how many transistors will be placed on that and next one is how many devices or gates will be placed on that we will see now now we will move on to the uh moore&amp;#39;s law here so what is moore&amp;#39;s law most law is nothing but it gives the relation or the relation between number of transistors on the silicon chip versus the years okay so that was proposed by the golden moor okay so he is the co-founder of intel in 1960s okay so here the relationship between the number of transistors per chip versus the year has become the most first law after the predictions made by the golden moor to more the co-founder of the intel in 1960s okay so because of its predictions how the how many number of transistors will be increased year by year on a chip will be predicted by this scientist that is gordon moore because of that it is called as moore&amp;#39;s law okay so after that nowadays uh the most law will be according to moore&amp;#39;s law now the number of transistors per square inch of the chip will be double for every 18 months approximately now this is the moore&amp;#39;s law what we have here that is according to moore&amp;#39;s law now the number of transistors per square inch of a chip will be uh double for every 18 months approximately so this is about the moore&amp;#39;s law we have now we are going with the depending on the scales of integration or the number of transistors that are present on the chip we have classified different scales of integrations of ic okay so that is what here we have i have tabulated okay so depending on the scales of integration are the number of transistors on the chip we have different classification here that is what uh here i have given here on scales of integration next the circuits for the chip how many circuits we are going to use for the chip the next one is the number of transistors for the chip on next one is the products or devices we are producing are at the time of by using this scales of integration okay already i have introduced these scales of integration in the classification of ics that is small scale integration medium scale integration large scale integration and at the same time very large scale integration that is our actual topic we have here in the coming classes we are going to discuss what is very logical integration and what is fabrication and all those things we are going to discuss okay now after that we have very large scale integration ultra lot scale integration joint or giga log scale integration uh next the latest one we have vapor scale integration and the system on chip under the same time 3d ics so like this it is classified here we have okay so in 1964 we have the small scale integration that will be short form it will be represented with ssi small scale integration that means what less number of transistors or the gates will be placed on this chip or this silicon area or silicon wafers so that is called as what small scale integration that is represented with the ssi okay until 1967 it is continued that is small scale integration and how many circuits we can place is we can place less than 12 circuits okay below 12 we can place on the chip next what we have here how many transistors we can place is 1 to 10 transistors that means 1 to 10 that is below 10 number of transistors we can place on the chip at the time of the small small scale integration so that is what here we have uh what are the devices we can form that is planar devices that is logic gates we can form our next one is flip flops so and gate or gate nand gate nor gate and all those things we can form by using the small scale integration and at the same time we are we are also having the flip flops that is the memory elements okay next what we have here the second one in 1967 this medium scale integration was proposed and this is called in short form as msi okay so that is here we have on this one we can place 12 to 99 transistors sorry chips circuits on the single sip or silicon area okay so this is 12 to 99 okay in between 12 to 99 we can place in this medium square integration so how many transistors we can place is here it is from 10 to 500 transistors we can place on the single chip okay then what are the devices we can made by using these transistors or these circuits we can have is what are the products that can be produced is nothing but counters next multiplexers and adders so these are the combinational uh circuits what we have that is counters uh multiplexers d multiplexers uh next one is what adders okay so this thing that is off adder full adder all those things we can place by using or we can produce uh by using this medium scale integration so after that the next transformation is up to 72 we have used this medium scale integration and after that we have the large scale integration okay so in this large scale integration in short form it is called as lsi on this one in this one we are going to use or we are going to accommodate how many how many transistors or how many chips on the how many circuits on the chip is nothing but from 100 to triple line that is 999 number of circuits we can place on the chip and at the same time we have here 500 to 20 000 number of transistors we can place on this okay on a single chip 500 to 20 000 okay so if you consider or if you have a transistor transistor can be used as a an inverter circuit inverter we can form after that we can form and the gate or gate like that by using nand gate two nand gates or two nor gates we can form the flip flops here okay like that here as we increases the number of transistors on the chip on the silicon wafer what we have considered okay so we can form more and more number of transistors so that here if you observe as we goes on with the small scale integration medium scale integration and lot square integration okay the size of the integrated circuits will be reduced okay how it will be we can see in the coming classes that is scaling of a transistor so that is here we have uh in large scale integration we can place the under two of 99 999 or circuits we can place next we have here 500 to 20 000 transistors we can place with those transistors with different connections we can form number of devices number of products so that is what here 500 to 20 000 so that is formed the very important one is nothing but 8-bit microprocessor and read-only memory and random access memory so these memory elements we can form and at the same time 8-bit processor we can form on by using this large scale integration and the most on very very important integration scales of integration is very large scale integration till now the widely used skills of integration is nothing but vlsi okay very large scale integration okay so here we have from uh that is 10 000 to 99 999 number of circuits we can place on the chip and at the same time here we have 20 000 to 1 million number of transistors we can place on the chip in very large scale integration okay then what are the products we can produce by using this very large scale integration many products we are producing that is nothing but uh our examples here is 16 comma 32-bit process okay so 16-bit comma 32-bit micro parser and many memory elements we can place here that means we have large memory elements we can make by using this very large scale integration okay so now we have what ultra large scale integration this one is here we have 1 lakh to 9 lakh 99 000. nine hundred and nine number of circuits we can place in this one and next we have here one million two hundred million number of transistors we can place in this ultra large scale integration uh in this one we are going to make special processors and at the same time virtual reality machines next one is smart sensors so like that we can make many number of many number of products or devices by using this ultra large scale integration after that we have j scale integration gsi in short form we call in this one we can use 100 million to and more number of transistors we can place okay so after that the technology 1996 is nothing but vapor scale integration what is vapor scale integration means if you consider silicon wafer on that silicon wafer completely we can place many number of circuits to uh and we can produce our required one and the speeder one or spheres circuits or speeder computers that is nothing but what super chips we can produce super chips and next one is what parallel super computers and we have fiber optic applications so what is the application main application of this wafer scale integration wsi is nothing but here in this one we can use the total completely to complete wafer is used to produce the ic or these devices that is nothing but super super chips next one we have parallel super computers and fiber optics applications okay next we have what the system on ship or that is supposed to see all the components suppose if you require a system or a computer so all the components all the components you require for a system or computer will be placed on a silicon single silicon chip okay that is called as what here we have system on chip okay so all the components requires for a computer or system placed on a single chip okay so this is what here we have system on chip next one here we have is the final one that is 3d ics 3ds is nothing but two or more layers of active components uh placed both vertically and horizontally and it can be form a single circuit okay this is nothing but 3d axis so this is what how the scales of integration has classified are are transformed from small scale integration to the large scale integration very large scale integration ultra lot skill integration or giant log scale integration like that as we goes on from uh from 1964 to now uh there is a lot of change a lot of transformations taking place in the ic technology and at the same time navier days the complementary mass technology that is cmos technology is widely used uh technology for the all the vlsi applications or present technology of different applications okay so that is what here we have and here the classification and what are the divisions we can produce by using the small scale integration medium scale integration logical integration and very large scale integration and also log scale integration and joint scale integration and way for scale integration and h1 is system on shape and h1 is 3d ics like this we have classified the scales of integration so out of that we are our topic is here this one we have very large scale integration okay so in the coming classes we are going to see what is the very large scale integration and uh next what what we are going to study is nothing but what are the different mass technologies and what is the their electrical behaviors and all those things we are going to discuss in the coming classes okay so this is about the moore&amp;#39;s law on scales of integration and at the same time the introduction to the vlsi here okay thank you

Transcript for:Introduction to VLSI

Transcript for:
Introduction to VLSI