[Music] a principle is a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as a foundation two words can sum up the principle audience-- centered public speakers need to build every speech on speak ethically let's discuss what it means to speak ethically we will break this important overarching principle down into six principles public speakers need to live by principle number one have a clear responsible goal if you're thinking about your audience as you're prepare to give your presentation your focus is on what is best for the listeners not yourself of course you could have a goal to to trick your audience or manipulate them in some way but ask yourself is that what you would want to have done to you so if you are there to persuade never be afraid to let your listeners know this in a clear and yet considerate way principle number two use sound evidence and reasoning public speaking should always be more than just getting up and telling others what you think you know about a subject that may be a new way of thinking about presentations for some so think about that for a second public speaking carries with it the responsibility to give accurate information whether informing or persuading so gather sound evidence from quality sources that provide support for your main points the evidence might be a quote from an expert um a clear statistic or a reference to a study the point is that evidence is presented you're not up there just saying here's what I think to be true so believe it also you need reasoning reasoning is where you take the sound evidence youve gathered and shared and then you explain this to your listeners so that it will support your points it is you talking about the evidence your sub points are where you will share your evidence and your reasoning principle number three be sensitive and tolerant most likely every time you speak there are listeners in your audience that will have a different Viewpoint than the one that you will present you will see the information that you're presenting through the lens of your own experience and cultural background remember the concept of always considering the audience and here's an important area of application before you present your information ask yourself if you're using words examples or ways of presenting that might offend someone or several people in your audience you might be speaking on trade agreements and mention China only to look up and realize that you have a Chinese classmate that was just offended by your North American nationalistic approach to discussing trade agreements it's not about not discussing a topic it's about caring about the audience first and trying to keep people listening instead of shutting down in the middle of your presentation principle four be honest there is nothing more destructive to your credibility as a public speaker than having your audience find out that you've misled them or out andout lied to them why would they ever listen to you again your examples should always be true and if you use a hypothetical example let the audience know this by using words like imagine with me for a moment principle five don't plagiarize of course you should never copy an entire speech and then present it as your own without full disclosure that what you're doing is presenting a famous speech originally given by another person and you should never use quotes phrases or even IDE ideas without giving the proper acknowledgement in a speech that's called an oral citation providing an oral citation is the same as providing an inext citation as if when you write a formal academic paper the consequences for plagiarism are often severe whether it's a school setting or a congress person giving a speech to the House of Representatives the key is to do your own writing and give plenty of correctly composed oral citations principle six speak credibly I tell public speaking students that in your introduction you should let your listeners know why you can speak on this topic and what I'm saying is to tell the audience why you are a person who can be considered a credible representative of this topic speaking credibly means that you should be competent and knowledgeable you've studied enough to really know your subject that you present yourself as a dynamic presenter meaning that you share the information confidently and with believability and last that you are trustworthy this last credibility qual quality is important put another way trustworthy means that you have the audience's best interests at heart and they can tell it a principle is a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as a foundation an audience-- centered public speaker is a princip and ethical speaker build your career as a public speaker on being ethical see you in the next video [Music]