AP Human Geography Review

Introduction

• Overview of video summarizing all 7 units of AP Human Geography.
• Purpose: Quick review before exams, not detailed teaching.
• Ultimate Review Packet available for in-depth study, including practice tests and study guides.
• Encouragement to engage with the Mr. Sin channel's resources and community.

Unit 1: Geography - Its Nature and Perspectives

• Maps and Cartography
  • Types of maps: thematic, reference maps, different projections.
  • Map reading skills: recognizing patterns, interpreting data.
  • Distortion in map projections, example: Mercator map.
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  • Layering data to understand spatial relationships.
• Research Methods
  • Quantitative: census data, numerical analysis.
  • Qualitative: attitudes, beliefs, up for discussion.
• Spatial Concepts
  • Technology effects on distance decay, connectivity.
  • Unique cultural landscapes and environmental sustainability.
• Scale and Regions
  • Scale of analysis: national vs local.
  • Types of regions: functional, perceptual, formal.

Unit 2: Population and Migration

• Population Distribution
  • Urban vs rural: economic, social opportunities.
  • Population density types: arithmetic, physiological, agricultural.
• Population Vocabulary
  • Key terms: CBR, CDR, NIR, sex ratios, dependency ratios.
• Population Pyramids and Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
  • Interpret stages of DTM from pyramid shapes.
• Malthus and Neo-Malthusians
  • Malthusian theory vs resource availability.
• Migration
  • Push/pull factors, forced vs voluntary migration.
  • Types of migration and impact on diffusion and cultural change.

Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes

• Cultural Concepts
  • Cultural relativism vs ethnocentrism.
  • Cultural landscape: land use and societal practices.
• Diffusion
  • Types: relocation, expansion (hierarchical, contagious, stimulus).
  • Effects of globalization, internet, space-time compression.
• Religion and Language
  • Universalizing vs ethnic religions, diffusion impact.
  • Language families, dialects, and cultural impact.

Unit 4: Political Organization of Space

• Nations and States
  • Definitions: nation, state, nation-state, multinational state.
• Colonialism and Imperialism
  • Impact on political boundaries, neocolonialism.
• Boundaries and Geopolitics
  • Types of boundaries: relic, antecedent, superimposed, etc.
  • Law of the sea and maritime boundaries.
• Gerrymandering and Political Structures
  • Unitary vs Federal states, gerrymandering effects.
• Supranational Organizations
  • Impact on state sovereignty, global cooperation.

Unit 5: Agriculture and Rural Land Use

• Agricultural Practices
  • Intensive vs extensive agriculture, subsistence vs commercial.
• Settlement Patterns and Survey Methods
  • Clustered, dispersed, linear settlements.
  • Survey methods: metes and bounds, long lots, township and range.
• Agricultural Revolutions
  • First, second, and Green revolution impacts.
• Economic Implications
  • Economy of scale, monocropping, value-added crops.
• Global and Local Agricultural Debates
  • GMO usage, organic farming, local food movements.

Unit 6: Cities and Urban Land Use

• Urban Models and Theories
  • Burgess, Hoyt, Multiple Nuclei, Galactic models.
  • Models for LDCs: Latin American, Sub-Saharan African, Southeast Asian city models.
• Infrastructures and Urban Policies
  • Impact of infrastructure on urban sustainability.
  • Challenges: gentrification, segregation, urban planning complexities.

Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development Patterns

• Economic Sectors
  • Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary sectors.
• Global Trade and Neoliberal Policies
  • Impact of free trade agreements, globalization.
• Development Indicators and Theories
  • GDP, GNP, GNI, Human Development Index.
  • Rostow's stages, Wallerstein's world systems theory.
• Women in Economy
  • Role in informal sector, microloans, gender inequality.

Conclusion

• Emphasis on thorough review using Mr. Sin’s resources for success on exams.
• Reminder of the importance of understanding and applying geographic concepts.