Group 11: Eyes and Ears - Systemic Veterinary Pathology

Overview

• Presentation by: Mecaila P. Vaporoso and Angel Claire L. Villarino
• Key Topics: Anatomy, anomalies, diseases, inflammations related to eyes and ears in animals.

Anatomy of the Eye

Anterior Segment

• Fibrous Tunic (Outer Layer)
  • Sclera: Maintains shape, muscle attachment.
  • Cornea: Refracts and focuses light.
• Vascular Tunic (Middle Layer)
  • Iris & Choroid: Light regulation, nourishment.
  • Ciliary Body: Aqueous humor production.
• Neuroepithelial Tunic (Inner Layer)
  • Retina: Light detection, signal processing.

Anomalies of the Globe

• Anophthalmia: Absence of the globe.
• Cyclopia, Synophthalmia, Microphthalmia: Formation and fusion anomalies.
• Coloboma: Congenital absence of ocular tissue.

Diseases of the Eye

Ocular Inflammation

• Types: Panophthalmitis, Endophthalmitis, Supparative, Non-supparative, Granulomatous.
• Causes: Infections, trauma, foreign bodies.

Corneal Disorders

• Degeneration: Lipidosis, pigmentary keratitis.
• Vascularization: New capillary growth due to trauma or deficiency.
• Ulceration: Bacterial causes, sequelae include opacities and glaucoma.

Uveal Disorders

• Uveitis: Inflammation of the uveal tract, types include suppurative, non-suppurative, granulomatous.
• Uveal Cysts: Separation of neuroectodermal layers.

Lens and Vitreous Body

Lens Anomalies

• Aphakia, Luxation, Cataracts: Developmental and acquired.
• Lens-Induced Uveitis: Autoimmune response to lens proteins.

Vitreous Body

• Asteroid Hyalosis: Degeneration marked by spherical bodies.

Retinal Disorders

• Retinal Dysplasia: Improper development, common in dogs.
• Inflammatory Degeneration: Causes include infections like canine distemper.
• Detachment: Caused by fluid accumulation.

Optic Nerve Disorders

• Anomalies: Aplasia, Hypoplasia, Coloboma.
• Inflammation: Optic neuritis, secondary degeneration.

Eye Neoplasms

• Eyelid Neoplasms: Include squamous cell carcinoma.
• Conjunctival and Corneal Neoplasms: Papilloma, carcinoma.
• Uveal Melanomas: Common in dogs and cats.

Anatomy of the Ear

External Ear

• Conditions: Ear-tip necrosis, auricular hematoma, dermatological diseases.

Middle and Inner Ear

• Otitis Media and Interna: Bacterial infections, complications include meningoencephalitis.
• Nasopharyngeal Polyps: Inflammatory response in the tympanic cavity.
• Beta-Mannosidosis and Eustachitis: Inflammatory conditions affecting hearing.

Ear Neoplasms

• Neoplasms in Middle/Inner Ear: Adenomas and carcinoma, more common in dogs and cats.

Case Report: Chlamydophila felis-Associated Conjunctivitis

• Patient: 9-month-old spayed domestic shorthaired cat.
• Clinical Signs: Redness, discharge, occasional sneezing.
• Diagnosis: Positive PCR for C. felis.
• Treatment: Antibiotics, supportive care, vaccination.
• Outcome: Good prognosis with treatment.

References

• Various key veterinary pathology resources and case studies detailed.

This summary captures the key points from the presentation on eye and ear pathology in animals, including anatomy, types of diseases, anomalies, and the case report on conjunctivitis.