IGCSE Physics Unit 1 Revision (Cambridge and Edexcel)

General Physics and Mechanics

Removed Topics:
- Pressure: Barometer and Manometer
No New Topics Added
Notes on Extended Syllabus:
- Extended topics labeled with a symbol; not required for core students.
- Momentum is exclusively for extended students.

Measurements and Density
- Measuring mass, volume, and calculating density.
- Prefixes like kilo (1000), centi (1/100), milli (1/1000).
- Measuring instruments: balance, spring balance, beam balance.
- Measuring techniques for liquids and solids.
Speed and Acceleration
- Calculating speed, speed-time graphs, distance-time graphs.
- Acceleration: change in velocity over time.
- Scalars vs. Vectors: Speed is a scalar, velocity is a vector.
Introduction to Forces
- Types of forces: Friction, weight, air resistance, Hooke's Law.
- Hooke's Law: Extension proportional to load, F = kx.
- Newton’s Laws of Motion.
Momentum (Extended Only)
- Momentum = mass × velocity.
- Conservation of momentum in collisions.
Pressure
- Pressure = Force/Area; units in Pascals (Pa).
- Pressure in liquids depends on depth and density, P = ρgh.
- Atmospheric pressure considered in total pressure underwater.
Moments
- Turning effect of a force = Force × perpendicular distance.
- Equilibrium: Total clockwise moments = Total anticlockwise moments.
Energy, Work, and Power
- Types of energy: kinetic, gravitational potential, chemical, etc.
- Work = Force × distance.
- Power = Work/Time; efficiency = (useful energy/total energy) × 100.
- Energy conservation: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Types and Sources of Energy
- Renewable: Solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal.
- Non-renewable: Coal, oil, gas, nuclear.
Energy Transformations
- Chemical, nuclear power stations: Coal/oil/gas burned to create steam.
- Hydroelectric: GPE to KE to electrical.
- Geothermal: Heat from Earth’s crust.
- Tidal and wave energy.
Solar Power: Direct conversion of light to electricity.
Non-Solar Sources: Geothermal, nuclear, and tidal energy are not sun-derived.