hello and welcome back to all you need notes for edexcel igcsa history and this time the second part of germany 1918-45 that is the recovery of germany 1924-29 this continues from the first episode where we went um from the abdication of the kaiser all the way through to hyperinflation and now we look at the golden years of the weimar republic in this video i'll be showing two effects of all the things in this part of the specification uh and these a great revision if you've learned them for your questions b c and even a in your actual exams so let's get on with it firstly the introduction of the renton mark the first effect of this was that hyperinflation was halted so gustav strasseman who was chancellor at the time he introduced the renton mark to replace the former mark so that prices stopped rising if you remember the facts from the first episode the price of bread rose from one mark in 1919 to 100 000 marks by 1923 so a huge increase but introduced the rent to mark in september 1923 and this stopped inflation at stock prices rising and in order to ensure that inflation didn't happen again he controlled tightly the number of notes of the rented mark that were printed which meant that unlike what had happened with the hold hyperinflation lots of notes couldn't be printed once and therefore prices wouldn't increase rapidly as they had done here eventually the renter mark itself was replaced by the more permanent right mark and they had the right bank to control that to getting the number printed so this just made it more secure second effect was that confidence in the economy and the government were restored so foreign countries could now rely on the currency of germany it wasn't worthless anymore so they could begin trading with germany against there were less food shortages more imports and exports and this led to increased weimar popularity a popularity of weimar for the germans they saw that the government was now able to control crises so there was more trust in the in the government um and straitsman himself felt empowered to go out and sort out the other problems in germany for example the reparations bill from the treaty of the psy which was still at a staggering 132 000 million mark so a huge economic burden and this led to different plans for example the doors plan which we're going to look at next so the doors plan this also encapsulates u.s loans which is a technically a separate point in the specification but they're very interlinked so one effect of the doors plan was that the german economy recovered so an american official called charles dawes came to germany um and he agreed to loan german germany 800 million dollars in april of 1924. so this was a huge amount of money at the time still is today and he offered this to help ease economic burden um and help germany recover from hyperinflation in turn reparations were also lowered to a thousand million marks for five years and two thousand five hundred million marks per year after that this just meant the reparations more affordable um and so the government didn't have to spend as much money on reparations so you could use the money instead to boost industry in germany and finally the french agreed to withdraw their troops from the rua region and this returned 80 percent of the coal and iron reserves to germany which meant that economic production increased and therefore the government had more money so it just helped general recovery second effect was that germany now had economic reliance on the us so by receiving loans from the us germany became reliant on the u.s economy and this was popular with some because it seemed like the germans were colluding with their old enemy the us from the first world war they were accepting this reparations bill they weren't trying to get rid of it they were just saying okay we'll have it even though it's lowered this was still unpopular with with some of the right-wing nationalists however even worse for germany was the fact that the german economy was now directly linked to the american economy so that in october 1929 only five years after the plan was signed the wall street crash happened and this meant that the us banks who were now struggling to get enough money they recalled those loans they'd given to german banks and that meant that german banks had to recall the loans that they'd given to businesses so it led to economic collapse in germany as well as in the u.s so it caused catastrophe in both countries and led to its great depression and arguably to hitler's rise to power next the young plan so i'm skipping a few years now the first effect of the young plan was that it eased reparations burden so reparations the bill of reparations it was originally agreed at the treaty of versailles to be 132 000 million marks it was reduced in this plan by 20 percent in 1929 that again eased the pressure um of paying for it and furthermore payments were payable over 59 years so the economy was less harmed by having to pay all these reparations they had longer to pay them um so it was less of an economic burden and this led because now the government had more money because they didn't have to give as much to the allies this led to tax reductions in germany they could also give money to industries boosting industry boosting the economy and making more jobs second effect was that there was criticism for this long-term reparations bill so many again right-wing nationalists they felt that the government was accepting the treaty of versailles they were accepting the war guilt they were accepting the fact that germany had to pay reparations and right-wing nationalists were saying no we should not have to pay reparations um and they also felt the time scale for it was too long so nearly 60 years it was seen to be passing the economic burden of the war the punishment for the first world war to the next generation to the unborn to their unborn children and some argued that it could wreak long-term damage to the economy so they were constantly burdened by this reminder of the first world war however there was a referendum on the young plan and only 14 of people disagreed with it so it was quite popular a few people disagreed but it was adopted and broadly speaking people supported it now the second part of this golden years of weimar is looking at international plans so rather than stuff that's based on the reparations which we've seen now we move on to the lucano treaties we go back in time a little bit and this was in 1925. this also i should say is extremely popular for the b questions they use this so much in the old specification so if there's anything you do look up from this from this period do look at the random treaties because they love asking about this anyway the first effect of them then it's settled uncertainties on the border so germany agreed in 1925 to accept the borders from the treaty of versailles so for example our suss lorraine would stay french and in return the french agreed not to reinvade the rule which obviously led to hyperinflation and they demilitarized the rhineland in germany this just gave reassurance to both sides so the french knew that the germans wouldn't suddenly invade the assault lorraine and the germans knew that french would not reinvade the rue but again extremist parties they didn't like this they didn't like straseman accepting the treaty versailles accepting the humiliation to germany having to lose all this territory um and they disagreed with it second effect was germany was now treated as an equal internationally so other countries thought that germany could now be trusted again um and treated well so because germany had agreed to keep the treaty versailles they demilitarized the rhineland in turn and this this general getting on quite well led to european relations improving between countries so we now saw european countries moving away from military action from war to better relationships and as a sign of this this piece germany was in the next year admitted to the league of nations uh and foreign investment into germany increased as a result of that so we'll have a look at league of nations now so the league of nations first fact was that trust in germany increased so the league of nations was founded after the treaty of assad um in order to stop a war like that happening happening again but germany was not allowed in and this sign that that they were allowed in after silent likana treaties it showed that countries were again trusting germany um and straitsman even joined the league council of the league of nations so he had to make the most important decisions um in the world in europe it showed that germany was was on the on the world stage again was trusted by the countries and also because germany was there and discussions could be made between countries they could move more quickly towards peace war looked less likely and this this led to signings of things like the kellogg brand pact in 1928 we'll come up to that next second effect was that it restored german german citizens trust in the weimar republic so germans saw uh saw what had happened and they grew more confident in the government being able to handle their affairs on the world on the world stage so germany had been disgraced it had been humiliated after the first world war and now they were in the league of nations they were trusted again so they they liked strasbourg they liked what the government was doing and so support for the moderate parties like spd increased so there's less support for the for the right-wing left-wing extreme ends because they saw that the democracy and diplomacy which for what these moderate parties were advocating did actually work and it did improve relations and germany was becoming more prominent and more powerful on the main stage there was also as i said um on the last slide increased foreign investment in german industry some more countries trusted germany now so they invested more but again this comes up in almost all the slides here some small small percentage disliked joining the league because it was created as a site it was part of this whole idea of dealing with the old wartime enemies you shouldn't trust them etc so there was a some people disliked it and finally in this second video we've got the kellogg brienne pact not related to the cereal so the first effect trust in germany increased from other countries so what actually happened with the pact in 1928 over 60 countries including germany signed a pact and they agreed not to go to war so these enemies from the first world war ten years after the end of the war they agreed now not to use military force peace in europe became more likely and obviously no one wants more really so it looked like a positive step away from military battles into a more diplomatic more peaceful europe and as a result because germany had signed this the weimar republic became more respected internationally it led to the old allies agreeing to lower reparations as part of the young plan in the next year in 1929 as we saw it led to more trust more for an investment people on the world stage trusted germany now a lot more than they had done 10 years prior second effect was that it restored the german citizens trust in weimar so again support for the moderate parties increased strasman made germany strong made germany respected and german citizens grew more confident in weimar um and future peace that the war have been horrible hyperinflation been horrible they'd had a tough time of it and now it looked like germany was emerging from this germany was on the main stage germany was again powerful um germany wouldn't be going to war again it looked more prosperous more hopeful the future did and so they were confident in my mind they were happy with what was happening um and so support for the for the moderate parties did increase however again um some small percentage still disliked germany settling for peace with its own old enemies they hated this constant bringing up at the first world war they disliked the fact that germany been humiliated in the war they disliked that germany had lost and was not to pay reparations and they disliked that straitsman was now making friends with the old enemies and so they disliked the pact but that was a minority and that is the end of this second part and the second video on edexcel igcc history the recovery of germany from 1924 to 29 part of germany 1918-45 i hope that you enjoyed this video there will be some to come for the for the other three parts in the specification and you can check out the first video as well which covered the parts before this um and please if you do like this because i'm planning to do more on how to answer people want questions please do like and subscribe again thank you for watching bye you