Overview
This session introduces the concept of sacred theology, emphasizes its origins, fundamental structure, and unique properties, and explains how it differs from other forms of knowledge, particularly philosophy and personal belief.
Definition and Foundations of Sacred Theology
- Sacred theology originates from the Greek words for God (theos) and word/reason (logos), signifying the study of God.
- It is defined as the science of God based on divine revelation, not mere speculation or emotion.
- Sacred theology uses truths revealed by God through scripture, tradition, and the church.
- Its method is systematic, logical, and structured, approach akin to a science.
Distinctive Features and Structure
- Sacred theology focuses primarily on God (material object) and studies Him through the lens of divine revelation (formal object).
- The formal object is divided into understanding God's nature (as revealed) and the act of revelation itself.
- It is centered on God’s revealed truth, not human theories or private ideas.
- Sacred theology is acquired through study and disciplined reflection, distinct from supernatural faith received by grace.
Properties and Core Functions
- Sacred theology is both speculative (seeking understanding) and practical (guiding action).
- It holds unique dignity by studying the highest cause—God—and offers wisdom by viewing all things in relation to Him.
- The discipline serves three main purposes: apologetic (defense of faith), logical/theological clarification, and drawing theoretical and moral conclusions from revelation.
Sources of Sacred Theology
- Constitutive sources: Sacred scripture and sacred tradition together form the core of divine revelation.
- Interpretive sources: The magisterium (infallible) and authorities such as church fathers and theologians (fallible) interpret and preserve revealed truth.
- Auxiliary sources: Human reason, philosophy, history, and tradition aid understanding but are not divinely authoritative.
- Sacred tradition predates and is more comprehensive than scripture, having been transmitted orally before written texts existed.
Summary and Purpose
- Sacred theology is a disciplined, reasoned study of God based on His self-revelation, aiming for faith-understanding and practical application in life.
- It is dedicated to seeking, understanding, and living truth that leads to deeper communion with God.