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Axes of Human Rotation

Aug 11, 2025

Overview

This lecture introduces angular motion, focusing on the three primary axes of rotation in the human body and their relevance to movement in sports and anatomy.

Clarification on Terminology

  • "Axes" is the plural of "axis"; "axis" is singular.
  • Accurate use of these terms is important in scientific contexts.

Definition of Angular Motion

  • Angular motion refers to a body or part of a body moving in a circle or part of a circle.
  • In humans, all rotation occurs at the joints.

Primary Axes of Rotation

  • The body has many axes of rotation, but three are considered primary and pass through the center of mass.

Longitudinal Axis

  • Runs vertically from the top of the head to the feet.
  • Rotation around this axis results in twisting movements (e.g., turning in netball, slalom skiing, discus throw, 180° or 360° spins).

Transverse Axis

  • Runs horizontally from hip to hip (side to side through the navel).
  • Rotation around this axis causes forward or backward movements (e.g., somersaults, forward rolls, seat drops in trampolining).

Frontal (Anterior-Posterior) Axis

  • Runs horizontally from front to back through the body.
  • Rotation around this axis results in side-to-side movements (e.g., cartwheel, star jump, diving save in football).
  • The technical term "anterior-posterior axis" is also acceptable.

Joint-Specific Axes

  • Each joint can have its own axis of rotation (e.g., knee, elbow, shoulder).
  • Part of the body can rotate independently around these joint-specific axes.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Angular Motion — movement of a body or part in a circle or part circle.
  • Axis — a straight line about which rotation occurs; plural: axes.
  • Longitudinal Axis — vertical axis running head to toe, responsible for twisting rotation.
  • Transverse Axis — horizontal axis from hip to hip, responsible for forward and backward rotation.
  • Frontal (Anterior-Posterior) Axis — horizontal axis from front to back, responsible for side-to-side rotation.
  • Center of Mass — the point through which primary axes pass in the body.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Reflect on and find sports examples for each type of rotational movement.
  • Memorize the three primary axes and their corresponding movements.
  • Be precise in using "axis" and "axes" in written and verbal responses.