Overview
This lecture explains methods of exposition in plays—the ways playwrights communicate background information to the audience—using both historical and modern examples.
Methods of Exposition
- Exposition introduces the audience to the world of the play before the main story unfolds.
- Key methods of exposition include the chorus, narrator, principal characters addressing the audience, and minor characters' dialogue.
The Chorus
- The chorus, common in ancient Greek theatre, involved a group presenting background and themes through song or chant.
- Modern musicals often use an opening chorus number to introduce characters and their dilemmas (e.g., "Little Shop of Horrors" opening number).
- The chorus helps establish story setting, key players, and main themes early on.
The Narrator
- A narrator directly addresses the audience to provide background, summarize time jumps, and set up each scene efficiently.
- Narrators are used because they quickly convey long periods or complex background, often with distinct character traits.
- The narrator can sometimes become a central or dynamic character (e.g., "Blood Brothers").
Principal Characters Addressing the Audience
- A main character may break the fourth wall and speak directly to the audience to explain context (similar to narrators).
- Example: In "Saved by the Bell," Zack addresses viewers to explain his situation and move the story forward.
- This technique allows rapid exposition while maintaining character involvement.
Minor Characters’ Dialogue
- Minor characters can provide exposition through gossip or conversation, introducing the main characters and situations.
- Example: In "Arsenic and Old Lace," minor characters' early dialogue gives background for the main cast.
- Occasionally, films subvert this method for comedic or narrative effect (e.g., big stars play minor roles in "The Other Guys").
Evolution & Attention Span
- Exposition scenes have shortened over time to match modern audiences' reduced attention spans.
- Playwrights now present background more creatively and efficiently to engage viewers quickly.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Exposition — The play’s opening segment that provides background information.
- Chorus — A group delivering exposition, often through song or chant, especially in Greek theatre.
- Narrator — A character who explains background and transitions to the audience.
- Breaking the Fourth Wall — When a character speaks directly to the audience.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review examples of exposition in both classic and modern plays or musicals.
- Observe how exposition is handled in a TV episode or film of your choice.