Lecture on Modern Design: Scandinavia and Italy

Overview

• Focus on modern design transition in Scandinavia and Italy post-World War II.
• Scandinavian design is informed by nature and social equality.
• Italian design is more urban and intellectual.

Scandinavian Design

• Consists of five countries: Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark.
• Strong respect for nature, use of natural materials.
• Political and social systems promote economic equality, influencing design.
• Design focuses on middle-class needs: functionality, beauty, longevity.

Notable Figures and Works

Alvar Aalto

• Influential Finnish architect in early 20th century.
• Influenced by Bauhaus, Le Corbusier, and modernism.
• Villa Mairea
  • Reflects nature with wood use, integrates with environment.
  • Features functional, light-maximizing design.
• Finnish Pavilion at 1939 World's Fair
  • Simple facade with vertical wooden slats.
  • Interior with undulating wall design.

Iconic Designs

• Paimio Chair: Functional, made of plywood, designed for health clinics.
• Tea Trolley: Functional design using wood.
• Stools: Democratic design, different cost versions.
• Savoy Vase: Iconic undulating form, symbol of Finnish design.

Tapio Wirkkala

• Known for nature-inspired designs.
• Works with various materials like wood (leaf platter) and glass (vase, drinking glasses).

Eero Aarnio

• Designs utilizing new post-war materials like plastic.
• Bubble Chair: Encloses sitter, upholstered interior.
• Pastil Chair: Versatile, floatable plastic chair.

Marimekko

• Design firm known for bold, oversized prints.
• Reflects cultural shifts to youth markets in the '60s and '70s.
• Designs maintain a connection to natural forms.

Italian Design

• Urban-focused, rich in design discourse.
• Intellectual exploration in design is prominent.

Post-World War II Impact

• Both Scandinavian and Italian designs influence American design post-WWII.
• Scandinavian design delayed due to WWII but embraced by Americans in the '40s and '50s.