okay I am excited to finally get through this let me see where we were okay there's a question on your study I think I told you that you should have been able to answer like one through eight already but there's one on there that I wasn't sure if I was very clear on and let me share my PowerPoint with you now and that is question number six I think I might not have done the best job explaining that one so let me get to that now question number six asks uh who were the mishika um and that's how it's pronounced mishika so imagine that the x is actually like a CH so cha you need to make that noise I don't think it exists in does it exist in English maybe it's kind of like the chicken you know the CH in chicken um or in chair so I guess it's kind of like that Mach um that's where the term Mexico comes from by the way you can see oh you just changed the a to an O It's Mexico uh yeah so the Mach is just the original name for the Aztecs that is like their native name you might be thinking oh where does atic come from uh it's a name that the other tribes that lived in me Mexico gave but they so um or by you know whatever European version you know we adopted I guess now today it wouldn't matter but I I think there's a lesson to be learned in the name being changed and the fact that we only know them by the name that we know them by and not by their original name and that has to do with like the effects of the conquest we'll get to that eventually but you know you don't even get to keep your name after you've been conquered uh I think that's a pretty important part of The Story You're stripped even of that whether voluntary or involuntary and that should maybe tell you something about the um you know far-reaching effects of being conquered by another group uh imagine we're conquered and we are no longer allowed to call ourselves [Music] um I don't know we call ourselves Americans I think I've already told you that that's kind of a mistake because North America South America Everyone's an American but we call ourselves Americans but imagine we're conqueror we're no longer allowed to call ourselves that um maybe they don't like make a loss and you can't call yourselves American but it's just something that's taken away from us um culturally at a very basic subconscious level um I don't know what that would do but I think it's it's a sad you know there's a certain sadness that goes along with that that the way that you identified is no longer how you're identified period um but again I'm getting a little fur a little ahead of myself that's simply simply something that will come up when we talk about what happens to the Native Americans after they've been conquered so okay that was the only question I think I saw from 1 through eight that I hadn't answered um and I'm about to Pivot on over to the European continent because I think we've done a pretty good job I've done a pretty good job of covering what things were like out here in the Americas before any European showed up and here are some of the uh writings from the Aztecs I'm showing these to you just to tell you or emphasize what I started telling you on Thursday when we last met that the um the Aztecs and the Incas were just as advanced as the minds were that we tend to think of when we think Native American we think loin cloth tepes Barefoot living in the forest Pocahontas or living in the Great Plains area um bows and arrows Etc and I've been trying to argue in favor of a different way for you to think of Native Americans they're way more advanced they're writing they do have books um this is known as a codex we only have about four or five of them left I think five um like we don't have all their other books and you might be think whoa why what happened did they only write five books no they had plenty of books they had many books except when the Spaniards finally conquer them one of the first things they do is they burn all the books so we actually only have five um and they're scattered all over the world I think like Mexico has one of them still the others of these codices that's the plural um the others are I think one is in like France um in a museum out there and then the others are in Spain um but yeah so they had writings uh some of these have um so the actual writing right this is what that is I mean these are the writings um but some of these went are from like right after they got conquered and you see that up here they wrote in Spanish so they've got the native language here and then they were teaching Native Americans how to write Spanish almost immediately after the the conquest and so the native was translating what was actually being depicted here so some of these are old and then they went back in and they wrote little notes on the side um here's obviously one depicting the human sacrifice that I told you was a part of their religion and then we discussed tooon this floating city on which they built pyramids that I told you is still there today as Mexico City and I think we ended around here right I was telling you okay final point and this will be important for your essay when the Spaniards do show up and they do conquer the um the ASCS what you need to understand is that the Aztec Empire was actually really small you can see they don't even the Aztecs don't control Mexico the astics control what we call the Central Valley of Mexico and it's just this area here so they don't control Guatemala or Yucatan which is where the Mayans were or the now remember by 1500 by 1400 the Mayes are long gone right I think we said they died around 1100 that they Empire went away um but the may people are still there so they're still living there but look at this the aexs don't control them they don't own them just like the aex don't control the Incas obviously um I think this is important because usually when this when we talk about the Spanish Conquest we tend to think oh well they conquered the aexs therefore they conquered everything GG that's the whole game but it's not I mean sure you can conquer the astics but if you want to say you got their empire you still only got this little tiny piece it's going to be a long long time if ever before you get the rest of the pie and this will be important when we talk about one of the myths that we're going to debunk or that Matthew restall sets out to debunk um I just thought of something usually people ask me whoa what happened to the Mayans and you all didn't come up come to me with that question but we go from you know all this Advanced everything Sports and whatnot and I just told you that they're still there um and you see you know how powerful their Empires were in all the pyramids and religious centers Etc and usually I get the question well what happened to them how could they have just just disappeared what happened in the year 1,100 that they went away or actually sorry 900 um so this is one of those we don't know that I already told you don't be surprised or too surprised by yeah we don't know it's kind of like you know how we don't know what happened to the people that built Stonehenge um or have you all seen that island with the big heads I can't remember what it's called right now Easter Island I think Easter Island there are some giant Stone monuments we don't know how they got those monuments there and we don't know what happened to those people we think we have ideas but we don't know for sure so the qu it's it's a question similar to that what happened to the Mayans so we've got some idea we think it was either famine so food food shortages um we think it was potentially pests that were you know killing the food um or not allowing it to grow um um we also think disease could have played a role in this and then um floods could have played a role in this as well so um we don't know and we say well it could have been anything but we've kind of got an idea that um whatever was holding the empire together you know whatever held the different parts of the empire together um it wasn't enough to sustain the people eventually that there were outside factors that made it so that you can't sustain the type of city life that you need to like this um so living sedentary requires a steady influx of food if you can't live if you don't have that food then people are can't live in the cities and if they don't live in the cities then the city is no longer your center of power and who cares about the priest and who cares about the king Etc if the king can't provide so again using a real world example think about what's going on today right um it with like the protests and the riots why is it happen happening well because there is a governmental failure the government fails you the people will fight back um and who knows what happens next um here you can see you're having to use the police as the military you're having to shoot bashing heads um if that doesn't work what happens next um and here we have you know the most advanced country in the world with the best military in World Etc and even we seem to be losing control I'm not telling you that it's going to happen all right the country is not going to collapse today um but think about that if food is a problem if money is a problem if basic Justice is a problem and that's enough to undo a country which has happened in other places in the world you know time and time again um why is that not a plausible explanation for why the mighty May Empire also dissolved seemingly overnight um so just if the government no longer serves its function and there's probably no need for a government so the may people are still there just their government isn't going to be there anymore their empire is not going to be there anymore okay so before moving over to the Europeans real quick I oftentimes get asked and it's an important question why aren't there any of these people any of these advanced civiliz ations in what is now the United States like why is it only in Mexico Central America South America what the hell happened up here in the north that there are none of these super Advanced civilizations um and this is a good question it's nowhere on your steady guide but really really quick uh the truth is that there were some Advanced civilizations up here in what is now the United States primarily we usually refer to the Anasazi peblo People you can see also built cities they also lived a very sedentary life I mean look at this they carved towns buildings out of the side of a mountain this is amazing stuff you can go look at it today still um so yes these people must have been really Advanced and we know that they were trading with some of the empires in the South they were trading with the Mayans um so that's an extensive Trade Network going from North America all the way to Central America so these people were really Advanced but also they disappeared by the time that the Europeans got here um probably the one that's like most impressive to me at least are the Cahokia people that you can see located right here you see that where I'm moving my mouse here Cahokia why are they impressive well because the cahokians actually built pyramids similar to the ones that the Mayans ended up building and you might say whoa whoa whoa pyramids yeah um they weren't stone block pyramids they were like dirt Mound pyramids still impressive you know still living in cities still in advanced Society um here's one of those pyramids now covered by vegetation and also you know hit by erosion that said by the time the Europeans come here the Native Americans the majority of Native Americans that are living in what is not the United States uh they are living according to where they live like they've adapted to their environment so if you are a Native American on a coast you're probably just fishing um if you are living in the Great Plains area you're chasing Buffalo around and that's your main Moe of sustenance um you all again now here we get historical you all have heard of like poten and you know who was pontus's Dad the guy that John Smith meets when he gets over here um that is real there was a phatan and patan was the leader of A Confederacy of Native American tribes you know just like there was a lot of diversity you know in all of the Americas there's a lot of diversity right here in the American East like eastern coast especially the Northeast and by the time Europeans get here there no there's zero there is no Advanced civilization in the Americas U sorry in what is now the United States and instead the first Native Americans that are met with they are part of a a coalition of Native American tribes working together uh not necessarily living together but working together having an agreement um and they're located right here in the northeastern Coast okay so that's what's going on with Native Americans before the Europeans show up um about how many of them are there about a hundred million of them now I want to it over to what's going on in Europe at the time and here I'm going to try something and I don't know that it'll actually work but I'm G to try anyway um that's strange okay give me a second here y'all I'm GNA try to join with my phone to see what you see because I don't know if this will work this is the first time I'm having to do this this way um okay let's see what happens oh hold on strange okay let me see what happens when I hit play on this YouTube video I don't know that it'll actually play or that you'll be able to see it okay all right looks like it's working so what you see what you should be seeing right now is a video of the European landscape changing and you can see the year up here on the top left okay I'm going to be pausing as we go along because there are a few things that I want you to notice here and this is not on your stud guide so what is this for then I want you to see that Europe changed a lot um I want you to see that Europe was not static Europe has never been static we all have a point of view that's situated out here in the United States and Europe is something foreign to us and we sometimes think that Europe is this old very old thing it's always been there right these countries I mean Spain um England right we think England we think oh my God it's it's up there it's where we come from amazing um all these are very new places and the idea that Europe has somehow been static or that Europe has not changed or that Europe is as old you know because we call it the Old World um that it hurts our understanding because there's well there's a lot of untruths in there and it also makes us imagine Europe a certain way and we compare them ourselves to them a certain way and it's just not true H they're not valid it's not a valid comparison um primarily because our understanding of Europe is is incomplete it's wrong so what do I hope that you gain from watching this video well I hope that and and again we're just it's a real quick three minute video and we're not even going to watch all of it I want you to pay attention to how the borders are changing right I want you to pay attention to how France is a brand new invention Spain doesn't even exist around the times of the Mayans um and I'm and I'm also going to use this to kind of give you a a bit of a history lesson of what's going on in Europe at the time so the year right now is 2500 BC um that means we're not even writing yet so we haven't discovered writing as a whole um and you can see that the the first civilizations are going to emerge in Egypt and then after that they're going to move on over here to the Middle East like what is now Iraq and Iran so I'll pause as we go along oh man I did not mean for that to happen I'm sorry y'all let's try that again okay 2,500 300 so on my end I can hear some like real epic music is that playing through your guys's um speakers as well no okay all right um let me keep going so you see right here year 1,400 um we haven't even oh so if it actually happened because we don't think it's true this is around the time that the story of Troy you know Helen of Troy the Trojan War supposedly this is when that would have happened if it was real but please notice how like Empires are coming up Empires are like disappearing I just saw the hittite Empire take over like all of the Mediterranean take over Egypt and then within like a hundred years it was gone so this is how fast things are moving out in Europe they're constantly changing okay 800 BC um Homer just wrote the first big epic that we've ever written um known as what uh the ilad and then after that he wrote a a sequel to that known as The Odyssey so here 8 100 BC we finally wrote a big book um that people are going to pretty much treat like um the modern day I don't know Avengers in terms of like the storytelling and how many stories it can tell out of it so 800 BC uh Greece is now you know rising and from there you know eventually we will spawn but let's keep going keep an eye right here on Rome please um obviously this is important for all of Europe but Rome is also important for Christianity so keep an eye on that let me keep going so it's the year 500 um Plato is about to be born and um and so we're about to start getting you know people are thinking now and they're thinking about thinking and they're thinking about the cave and they're thinking about what our role here is and what does it mean to live as a human um remember they're already think they already have University and they're thinking that education is not complete until you walk the world right we talked about that before so we're okay we're getting there we're getting there 500 we are also well I'll I'll get to him in just a bit let's keep going okay um Macedonia just sprung up and then you all might remember that Mac is where Alexander the Great comes from so that's about to happen so notice Rome here um well actually I guess it already happened um Alexander the Great goes out conquers pretty much most of the western world and then he dies on his way back from a fever and after he dies his generals start fighting over who gets to control the Empire that he built in like 20 years or sorry he built it in like 10 years um eventually the generals split up one goes to Rome one goes to Egypt one goes out to the Mediterranean what goes out to the Middle East um eventually they all you know they start fighting each other and one will win and the one that wins ends up setting up what will become the Roman Empire and look at you know that's in purple here look at what it's going to acquire by the way Alexander the Great having conquered all these places uh opened the the route to civilization in in Europe because he gave everyone a shared language um he gave everyone a shared like money and even a shared culture he took with him Greek culture and he didn't impose it on people and he didn't impose language on people but he gave them kind of like the the vehicle through which they could communicate in the vehicle through which they could trade um and trade more than money ideas and so all of a sudden you had the ideas and the knowledge of the Middle East connected with the knowledge of Asia connected with the knowledge of Western Europe and and this is important because it sets this this I guess it used to be that everyone was isolated they still traded and stuff but they didn't have a way to their cultures never merged but here he kind of gave them the the skating rank in which to do that and now everything's going to be swirling around there is a possibility of controlling everything together um and that's why Rome is able to do that so look at Rome here it's the year 100 BC and Rome is right about to fall you know Rome here goes from a republic to a dictatorship if we want to call it that and um and then immediately Rome will only last till about the year 500 BC so but look at everything that they've captured and they follow the same model that Alexander the Great followed where he's not going to impose on people people but there's going to be the sharing of knowledge the sharing of culture um they don't make people become like Romans but people want to be like Romans so look at this okay this is Portugal Spain this is where France will be um Belgium Sweden here's Great Britain hasn't been touched yet obviously this is Italy Germany Austria Hungary um the Middle East even is being controlled by the Romans this is a big deal okay the year 1 a just passed it's about to switch to the year 50 ad um just so we're on the same page y'all I don't know what you were taught about the ad or BC ad um Christ dies in the year 32 or 33 ad he doesn't die the year zero the year zero is when he's born and you know he's only alive for 33 years and this we know for a fact that this isn't like you don't have to be a Christian to know that he was a real person we have records of him being real they wrote about him Etc um so yeah he just died and and the apostles just went there which way right one's going to go north one's going to go west east south Etc and they all kind of like split and they do a huddle they're like all right here's where we're all going all right good luck yall let's go do work and then they spread out and they're never they're probably most of them never see each other again they're just going to go spread the word of God okay now look at this Rome is expanding it just became an Empire like I told you a dictatorship um and this is when you get like the Caesar that is the uh you know the emperor and so you can see that even after Christ dies and after the the fall of the Republic they're expanding expanding expanding but they're about to start Contracting everything's going to start you know getting messed up because they get invaded well number one they're debilitated and an Empire won't work this way with a dictator for too long um and dictators are killing each other to take take control of the country or of the Empire um but what this allows to do remember how I told you that there's this skating rink that's created well imagine that Christianity is born in there it's born within you know kind of over here in the corner of the um of the big you know new skating rink and now because everybody has a shared language or at least they don't all speak the same language but it's kind of like here in the United States right we speak what like a hundred different languages but the main one that we communicate with is English even though it's not the official language same thing with the Roman Empire they've all got their own languages but you know push come to shove if they needed to speak in like a language that they can all probably um communicate with it's going to be Greek or it's going to be Latin so you've got both of those in your back pocket and think about it right even the remember how I mentioned like there's Mays in Enterprise um I told you I heard them speak in like their own dialect I've heard them try to speak in English and hey you can kind of get by you know you say with like very basic English um you're not going to go get a a bachelor's degree but you can probably go buy groceries and live and communicate with someone you can sign your kid up for school Etc so I'm telling you even if you don't speak it perfectly you can get by um heck by the way you can get really really high like you can get really far with like messed up English in this country I think of some of the professors I had at University um these guys you know they're from some other country they barely speak English or if they speak it they speak it like with real heavy accent and they're working as PhD professors at universities so yeah you can get pretty far um anyway I was telling you Christianity because it has because it's now living or it's born in a system where people can communicate through culture and language and there's quite literally even though I'm speaking metaphorically um there's roads right Rome built Rose that's one of the greatest things that they did so you can transfer all this knowledge much more easily if Christ had shown up like 500 years before and died 500 years before Christianity probably dies on the spot like it will never leave the Middle East where you know where he showed up um but because this road was built by Alexander and then the Romans it's able to transfer everywhere so also just an important little fact okay the Empire is about to start Contracting and the Empire breaks into two he see that Western Rome Eastern Rome so now there's two romes and it's the year 400 and then now they just got conquered by a bunch of Barbarians coming from Germany look at that there's no more Western Rome in fact everything is now just barbarians and look at that the here this is you know the fall of Rome everything just collapsed the thing that was there for about a thousand years has now gone seemingly overnight and then I'm just going to let this play because I think it'll speak for itself just look at how these are changing look at how Europe is not one place um the people that lived in Italy are not the people that live in Italy anymore um the people that live in Spain are not the people that live in Spain anymore and keep an eye on Spain they're about to get conquered by a bunch of black Muslims that come up from Africa and take over this is known as the Iberian Peninsula there they just got conquered that's now it's known as the Cordoba Emirate so it's the year 900 and I'm pausing here because 900 if you remember is the year that the Astic or that the May empire fell so what's going on in Central America or sorry in Latin America or in the Americas now compared to what's going on here it's pretty much the same thing constant flux people fighting over one another EMP TI is coming falling um and notice that there are no countries yet countries are a very very new invention they start happening around the year 1700 the way that we understand countries today so we're at the year 1000 1,100 there's something going on in Spain look at this Aragon Castile Leon and then notice that the Cordoba Emirate has somehow disappeared or at least it's now cut in half so this is important in Spain and really in most of the um most of Europe Europe that fell to barbarians um they spend hundreds of years hundreds and hundreds of years when I say they I mean like the original inhabitants of that land spent hundreds of years taking back the territories from The Barbarians and if you think about like England they fight against what the um the Vikings over here they're fighting against these black Muslims known as the sorry known as the Moors m o o RS and then over here in and what is Italy they're fighting against the Visigoths which are The Barbarians that come from like Germany and Austria and Hungary um so it takes about a thousand years to reclaim the territory again after the Roman Empire Falls so let's say it's a year 500 everything falls barbarians take over everything slowly slowly slowly in about a thousand years The Barbarians are pushed out or they're intermarried both a mix and then finally after a thousand years of that battle those Europe can finally start becoming the Europe that we imagine today um but it won't happen till the year about 1,400 1,500 in in Spain that is something known as the um the reconquest the reconquest year 1200 1250 okay 1300 aha so look at Spain the Iberian Peninsula Portugal is now there the way that we know it today and then there's no Spain here but there is a casil in Aragon and those are the two biggest kingdoms of Spain or sorry of the Iberian Peninsula eventually these two marry each other the king marries the queen of the other side and they form one and that will become Spain but notice that they're still not done kicking out the Muslims so they're about to do that then look England is now being set up proper France has now shown up and it's the year 1300 that means the aexs just showed up and they started building their City on top of a lake so, 1400 1450 1475 1500 okay you catch my drift right um this isn't Europe is not this old unchanging thing there's always only been white people in Europe that's not true either um it's been a giant mix a giant Melting Pot since the beginning okay um what else is going on in Europe what else is important out there well one major major major important thing for our story is that you need to understand that in Europe actually in the world there was only one Church let's say we stop at the year 1500 there is only one Church there's only one Christian church and you might say oh which one is that maybe you're asking that um y'all the only church the original church is the one that the apostles built right so Christ dies in the year 33 and the apostles say I guess it's on us y'all let's go spread the word of God and they build a church now when I say church I don't mean like a building that's not a church that's a building you know um Church actually the the original word for it is uh Ecclesia and it's more like community that's what it means community so they need to build a Community of Christ and that's what they set out to do so there's only one Community of Christ now get this so the apostles go out there and they start spreading the word of God and there's only one Community of Christ um sure there are like some people that that say well I don't know y'all um I think Christ is Zeus I think they're the same dude um so I'm just going to keep praying to Zeus Zeus that's wrong it's a misinterpretation it's a heresy is what the church would call it and so they would you know disab those people and say nope those are not Christians definitely not Christians the original church is the Catholic church that is the the one Church um and it is the only church because you might be sitting there thinking no that's not true I'm a I'm a Methodist or I'm a Baptist that's all also a Christian Church um sure it is but do you know when it was created do you know when it was invented do you know when it split off from the actual Church the one church that existed by itself for about five 1,500 years well this is what I'm showing you here so you've got you know this one giant bar so please follow the bar Christ dies and then there goes the church um they've got a bunch of meetings where they figure out some things that they weren't too sure of like Hey so uh is there an afterlife yes or no hey is Mary was Mary really a virgin um yes or no they've got many of these meetings where they the leaders get together and they discuss this stuff and they come to a conclusion um and then you can see that here around the year 1,000 um the church splits into two but to say that it splits into two is is kind of difficult because it's still the same church in the sense that they still practice the same things and if you're baptized in one you're baptized in the other and if you're in one you can marry someone from the other without having to go to through classes and stuff like that um the what the split that happens here is that Rome splits into two and the there is no longer a western church because where is it they've been conquered so the church relocates out to the East and what is now known as Istanbul or sorry no yeah yeah now it's known as Istanbul back then it was known as Constantinople and so now there's like a pope over here on one side and a pope on the other but there's still one Church you might be thinking well where about where do I come in like um where are the um because this is the Orthodox and then this is the Catholic Church where the Roman Catholic Church like we could call it the western church and then the Eastern Church where do I come in right um where do the Mormons come in ETC well you all are these little tree branches out here do you see that you're really really late to the game you're a brand new invention if we think of time 500 years not being a lot of time the grand scope of things you all just showed up um you all don't actually come in until after 1517 when the Protestant Reformation happens so okay why am I going on and on and on about this what's so important about there being only one Church remember how I told you there was Rome and Rome kind of controlled everything and all these countries with all these different languages y y y and it was all controlled by Rome um and Rome gave them like the shared everything the shared culture but then you saw that Rome dies around the year 500 collapses and everything is taken over by barbarians is there anything that keeps Europe together is there anything that keeps these people still connected um is there an Empire that exists after the official Empire Falls and the answer to that is yes Christianity Christianity is what keeps all these places together um Christianity is where knowledge is retained um Christianity is what gives Europe its europeanness if you want to think about it that way and it crosses borders and it crosses you know know thousands of years and it crosses even languages and cultures Etc so it's going to keep things kind of as a cohesive hole so that when The Barbarians are finally thrown off you know there's still just the one Europe um it's also important because if there is only one church and the church is that important in the lives of Europeans then you have to understand understand that that means the leaders of this church are incredibly important too um you know we all don't have the same worldview as these people remember how I talked about biases before yeah we have a bias that we do not share or there is a bias amongst these people that we cannot understand probably which is one where what is life about okay for you life is about getting a degree getting a job whatever that's what life is what was life before degrees and before jobs what was life before you could choose your own career what was life before you could pick who you marry um where you had the luxury to fall in love with someone and you know find your soulmate um what was life about back then when life sucked and you know half of your kids died before they hit the age of two what was life in that horrible World about about the next life it was all about salvation and getting to Heaven hopefully and so in that world the people that are The Gatekeepers to heaven the people that I can actually read the Bible that's in Latin and Greek which you don't read um the people that have actually actually have the time to stop and think about God and philosophize about God um they're the people that have the power and they're the people that you look to for everything and they're the people that dictate anything I mean a king would go ask them for permission before pulling something off because the king wants to go to heaven too so what am I trying to get at here [Music] um and hold on let me see if I can on the phone I'm trying to get the I want to see all of you okay whatever what I'm trying to get at is that leaders of the church or the Catholic Church really really powerful who's the leader of the Catholic Church the pope he was stinking powerful um and that's important because eventually he's going to divide the world in half he's gonna give the American World he's gonna give the new world to the Spaniards to the best amongst his um Catholic servants so I'll come back to that in just okay um in Europe now that they've been doing away with all these barbarians and you start getting countries being formed um now that they're no longer having a fight against barbarians they can focus on what they wanted to focus on forever which is well let's get rich Let's get more money um and where do you go if you want to get rich well you go out to India and you go out to China because these are really Advanced places they've got certain supplies that we don't have and we've always been able to get to China we've always been able to get to India it's never been a problem ever ever ever we've been making that trip out there since like the year 100 or 500 um what's changed or what's going on here well the roads that we used to take out there have now come under the control remember this this used to be under the control of the Roman Empire yeah well the Roman Empire fell and who took over the Ottoman Empire which are a bunch of it's a Muslim empire and you would say oh and so they're stopping us from going over there no they're not stopping us they just want a a little piece of the money you know you need to pay the the toll for the road and um these Kings out in the newly emerging Europe right they're saying Ah hell no like paying that fine it it makes the whole trip not as lucrative anymore we need to find another way we need to find a way to get around these people so that we don't have to pay or these taxes um well Portugal is one of the first countries to liberate itself and port Portugal starts working on finding a way out there and the Portuguese King his name was King Henry the Navigator he gets some ships ready to go and he starts trying to find a way out to India and China by going south past Africa so we've always known what Africa looks like they've been writing about it since like the year oh man 500 BC we don't know where it ends but we know that there is an end and so by this point we know a little bit more and he just he knows that we can get around it um so he starts a school a a university for Sailors and then Portugal starts sending Sailors out there even King Henry himself goes out and this is important for several reasons number one this is when Portugal picks up its first African slaves they get out here to Africa where there's these big Empires also incredibly rich and they trade with the African empires and what are the Africans have to trade with um bodies they've got slaves they can trade those no problem and so Portugal takes some of its first slaves in the year 1440 eventually you can see they make it past the the Cape of Good Hope and then it won't be till after Columbus they get all the way to India okay so it's important because this is what's going on this is what everyone's trying to do to get them make themselves Rich where does Spain come in here because Spain is where Columbus comes from even though he's an Italian it's Spain that sends him over to the Americas okay well Spain is busy they're not done fighting their reconquest right in Spanish it's the recist so they're not done with that yet um they actually get this their last battle of the reconquest is the year 1492 about a month before Columbus uh actually Columbus shows up to the battlefield and asks for money to go out to the Americas um and so again they're gonna have their last battle in 1492 but again I told you they've been spending they've spent about 800 years doing this slowly slowly slowly taking away the land from the black African Moors and in 1492 is when they finally achieve this okay why is this important oh here quick before I get to why this is important recognize this name right here sound familiar at all for those of you that are around that are from around here Al andalus um this region you know it's named Al andalus by the black Muslims but after the Spaniards conquer it they don't change the name they they still call it that but they kind of latinize it a bit they call it Andalusia and you would say Andalucia that sounds familiar yeah you all anglicized it and you call it Andalusia but its actual name is Andalusia and so you've actually got a town you know really close to you named after the the region that the black African Muslims created in Spain um and so I think I've research a little bit I think it was just you know some white Americans that gave Andalusia the name Andalusia um but it I for a moment thought that maybe Spaniards when they showed up to this region they saw the Andalusia region said oh my God this is beautiful just like Andalucia back home we should you know call it the same thing but it doesn't seem like that's what actually played out okay so why is the reconquest important and Columbus coming out here to the Americas well you need to think of Spain as being late to the game everyone is making their way out to China Portugal is already all close to getting past Africa and getting to China and Columbus shows up to the battlefield of the soon to be king of king and queen of Spain and he tells them hey y'all I've got your answer I mean if you want to play catch up and you want to catch up fast I've got your answer check out this map of the world this is where we're at right this is Spain all we need to do to get to China is sail west Tada I'm in China already it should take me no more than six weeks to get out there what do you say can you please give me some money for this trip and you know the Portuguese are wasting their time going south I'm just going to go west boom we'll be done you all will be where you need to be um I know that you're late to the game because you've been fighting against the Muslims all this time but um this should put you right back on track with all these other European countries they're not countries yet kingdoms the Queen by the way had already told Columbus no um she had told them I think twice already no um Portugal told Columbus no Italy told Columbus no and you might be sitting there thinking oh did they tell them no because they thought the world was flat and they thought that this was stupid no that's not it at all listen nobody thought the world was flat the only people that think the world is flat are idiots today um back then everyone knew the world was round already I mean where do you think Columbus got this map from that shows the world as being round uh by the way this is the map that we think Columbus showed up with we don't know for sure but this is one of the like more prominent projections a map is known as a projection um because a map just tries to show you what the world looks like right it projects what the world looks like it's not really what it looks like because think about it you how do you unfold a Globe perfectly you can't so anyway nobody thought the world was round if they told you that in school they lied to you um what else did they tell about Columbus oh yeah that Columbus knew how to like navigate the world with um using the stars and that he like the only guy to know how to do this no um the Muslims did that the Middle Eastern countries did that they never stopped doing it some Europeans stopped doing it because yes after the Roman Empire fell some knowledge was lost some ancient knowledge was lost but it's not like Columbus was special in that sense anyway the queen is finally told by her advisers here in 1492 listen Queen just let him just give him like some crappy ships we've got you know some small ones out there just give them those and and what if he doesn't find anything what do we lose nobody's going to miss an Italian sailor and it's just three ships it's not you know a big deal the queen is convinced then to go ahead and give Columbus a little bit of money make this trip um if he fails he fails they're counting on him to fail if he succeeds and getting this new route to China then perfect you know they they win the jackpot so Columbus sits out and a lot of people don't know that Columbus actually did several voyages to the Americas and so the first one is marked right here 1492 you see that okay um let me give you a moment to catch your breath and I'll take a moment to catch my breath and also to mark off your stady guide to see where we're at right now okay when Columbus gets to the Americas he actually doesn't get to the Americas um Christopher Columbus never discovered the continent of north or south or Central America he never even landed okay on those continents you might be thinking wait what I thought he did I thought he was the one that discovered it no he discovered some islands off of the coast of the Americas he discovered the Bahamas and what is now Cuba and Puerto Rico um he discovered that but he never actually discovered the United States proper or sorry North America South America Central America um who actually did that we're not entirely sure I mean I can tell you where the name comes from right um there was another explorer that came after Columbus his name was Amero vbci U Amero wrote a thought about how he was you know traveling down this big land mass um and a German mapmaker was reading America bpi's um accounts of like his explorations out here and so he said all right well obviously there's there's a new continent several new continents um America vuchi is talking about them what am I gonna call this new place on my map that I'm drawing um America and that's where it gets it name from so first of all Columbus never here let me let me restart Columbus about six weeks into his trip his Sailors start going crazy because what the hell this guy's an idiot he said we'd be in China by now we're definitely not in China there's no China nearby it's not even close we should take over the ship and throw this guy overboard um you know Mutiny and Columbus ends up convincing his men to give him more day just give me one more day and he had already done this several times um but y'all give me one more day and in fact get this whoever sees land first will get a thousand let's just say $1,000 dollar he they're the currency that they used is known as MAV I so a thousand maav ice for the first man to spot land give me one more day and lucky Columbus that night U or sorry that next morning um a a one of the sailors his name is Rodrigo he spotted land and the the land that they spotted the land that they land in is you know the Bahamas before I continue I want to tell you what happened to Rodrigo in the Thousand M ofice because it might set up how you need to understand Columbus here when Rodrigo told Columbus hey I found it you know land a hole or whatever I'll be collecting my thousand M device I guess you know what Columbus told them oh actually I spotted it first I saw it last night I just didn't want to wake you all up so no you don't get them a thousand my device that's Columbus I mean that already tells you a lot about the man but you'll get to see some more of them you know here so as soon as they get to the to the first island um some Native Americans show up and Columbus that same day wrote in his journal or in his Captain's Log about what he saw and his experience with these people so remember Humanity that was separated for a thousand or what did we say gez 12,000 years finally meets again and this is the first I this is the only primary source that we've got about this meeting and Columbus says they brought us parrots and balls of cotton and Spears and many other things which they exchanged for the glass beads and Hawk spells they willingly traded everything they owned they were well built with good bodies and handsome features remember he's talking about the Native Americans they do not bear arms and do not know them for I showed them a sword they took it by the edge and cut themselves out of ignorance they have no iron their Spears were made of Cain and they would make fine servants with 50 men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want day one meeting number one what does Columbus write on his journal we could capture all of them and take them again I told you you learn a lot about Columbus just from seeing how he behaved with Rodrigo but now you're seeing this here as well so you just met these people don't even know them you're saying that they're not harmful they don't even have weapons you're even that they're stupid because they don't you know they're ignorant and they cut themselves with their own with your own Sword and the first thing you can think of is oh yeah I could take them all you know as slaves no problem here's something else from columbus' Journal as soon as I arrived in the Indies on the first island which I found I took some of the natives by force in order that they might learn and might give me information of whatever there is in these parts so yeah it wasn't just him philosophizing thinking about maybe capturing them he does say that he took some of them by force and so there's a few things to note in this particular log as soon as I arrived in the Indies what the hell is he talking about well Columbus thinks he just landed in India off the coast of China you know India and China are like near each other he he's he thinks he's there um he's asking them so where's where's India again or like where's China where is like the big Market where's the big city um Columbus will die thinking that he's in China like he never ever ever acknowledges or maybe it doesn't even cross his mind that he actually discovered a whole new land he's says okay I'm in these islands I must be real close um and he he does another three trips and even after all those four trips total he's still convinced that he's somewhere off the coast of China or India by the way Indies all right India um he calls them Las indas um or La India that's why Native Americans are referred to as Indians today he calls them indos why well because they're from the land of India um so if we call them Indians today it goes all the way back to Christopher Columbus uh categorizing them as natives of India not knowing that you know this was a whole new place so I think the actual first people that he meets maybe not in this island but later on like immediately after they're known as uh thos that's T AI n oos okay so Columbus sees what he needs to see um he interrogates tortures a few of these Native Americans to find out where the money is where the big city is and he doesn't get his answer so Columbus ends up having to go back to Spain he wants to report to the king the queen hey I found it I did it um and he wants to come back with more men and he wants to come back with more you know with more ships bigger ships Etc you remember how like Columbus is sent over with like three ships the N the Pinta and the Santa Maria one of them like crashes almost as soon as they leave Spain the other two make it out there um Columbus before he goes back to Spain he leaves a group of men right there in um in the island that he calls uh Espanola and he creates a little town known as Navidad uh which is translates literally to Christmas so nabid he leaves the town of naid and he plants a giant cross on there and Columbus goes back to Spain to tell the king and the Queen and as soon as he gets there he starts writing a report that he's gonna you know send out to them and then go get an audience with them and this is what he wrote in that report Espanola is a miracle mountains and Hills PLS and pastures are both fertile and beautiful the harbors are un unbelievably good and there are many white rivers of which the majority contain gold there are many spices and great mins of gold and other metals what's wrong with this particular journal entry um this is all lies Columbus didn't find gold and he didn't find wide Rivers which contain gold he found some crummy little Islands he's lying to the king and the queen because he has to because he failed at his job his mission was to go find The Riches of what China he didn't he didn't accomplish his mission so he's gonna lie to them remember he thinks he's in in India all right so he thinks that I mean yeah I lie to them right now a little white lie tell them I found everything get more men get more resources go back out there and now really find it um and who cares if I lied that first time so this is going to be a comment tactic amongst the Spaniards that make their way out to Latin America or to the Americas but for now just know he lies to them and again this is in keeping with the type of man that Columbus was right lied to Rodrigo and his men cheated him out of his money um captured Native Americans even brought some with him back to Spain most of them died on the way over from disease uh like on the boat trip back to Spain most of them died and he took a few the ones that survived R he uses like circus animals to go show them to the king and the queen so Columbus gets his money and he goes back a second time and then he goes back a third time and he goes back a fourth time he never lands on the mainland so and he never finds the gold because there is no gold in these islands um he's a failure all in all through and through a complete failure heck he's even a failure as a governor I mean out here he was given control of the islands um I think the third time he went back the own people the own Spaniards that start like populating these islands they put him in jail because he's a tyrant because he is abusive not only to Native Americans but he's abusive to himself or sorry to to the other Spaniards so they throw him in jail eventually the king and the queen find out they bust them out um but Columbus dies get this penniless he dies poor because he never found the gold that he promised to K the queen and he was supposed to get 10% of whatever they found well he didn't find anything that's why he dies uh broke he's definitely a failure in that sense is he a success in any in any kind of way well let's give him this him and what he discovered out here even though he didn't know what he discovered just the fact that he found that oh yeah you can go west and there you do hit something um this led to a bunch of other Expeditions like a bunch of sailors a bunch of countries went crazy saying whoa whoa okay then we all need to go out there now to get to China if that's what uh Columbus found and then they quickly found they found not Columbus but the other expor found whoa Columbus didn't find China the guy's an idiot this is a whole new place he never even knew that he was here here so LC succeeds in promoting further exploration by the way Columbus because this is important Columbus when he comes back that second time he finds that Navidad has been completely destroyed and all the spers that he left are dead and he goes to the Local Natives and he says yo what happened where are my men and these the Native Americans reply quite bluntly we kill them and Columbus know takes offense whoa whoa you killed span a Christian why would you kill a Christian you know we're good people yeah well these good people um once Columbus left they decided to go into the Indian village and take women and rape them and so what did the men do they kill them because you don't just come in and rape and enslave people um so yeah that's what they did they killed them all um Columbus ends up making slaves of them because he lied to the the king and the queen he has to provide he has to show something and so he puts the natives of these islands to work and you want say we work how well to dig just dig dig dig dig find me gold um and they start digging things get so bad that Columbus and and Columbus gets so desperate right because he can't find the money that he's give me he keeps lying and lying and lying you know how like they tell you one lie leads to another lie leads to another lie and then you just dig yourself into a hole that you'll never be able to get out of was Columbus here um oh yeah my queen I found all sorts of gold I'm going to give it to you and then he puts the slaves to work um and he never finds the gold and so then he has to find a different way to get money and so he starts taking slaves back to Spain to sell them um anyway things get so bad for the Native Americans that here let me see yeah look at this this is from a firsthand account of what happened to the natives husbands and wives were together only once every eight or 10 months and when they met they were so exhausted and depressed on both sides they ceased to procreate as for the newly born they died early because their mothers overworked and famished had no milk to nurse them and for this reason while I was in Cuba the island of Cuba which is in the Caribbean 7,000 children died in three months some mothers even drowned their babies from sheer desperation in this way husbands died in the mines wives died at work and children died from the lack of milk and in a short time this land which was so great so powerful and fertile was depopulated my eyes have seen these acts so foreign to human nature and now I tremble as I write we know from like stories on the ground that the Native Americans were actually at one point told there was a System created where you need to find x amount of gold or x amount of like some mineral um per day every day and if you don't you'll get punished and so the way this would work is there's a guy sitting there and he's got a little scale and you bring whatever it is that you found from working all day in the mine and they put it on the scale and if it measures up or you know is more than the weight that they've got assigned over here you did your job for the day you can go home what do you get I mean how do what do you get for doing your job you get a little wooden Medallion that goes around your neck and that tells every other Spaniard on the island hey leave this native alone he already did his work for the day um if you don't meet your quota you get an ear chopped off you get a a arm chopped off a hand chopped off you might say well doesn't that kill them yeah sometimes I mean the ear won't but like chopping off an arm will but it's meant to give a message to the other Indians that it's not acceptable it's not even possible for you not to hit your quota you have to no matter what um and so like this one Spaniard wrote here um in in the islands of the Caribbean you end up seeing the The Killing and the eradication of in some islands the entire native population in fact that island that Columbus landed on yeah all the original inhabitants of that land were killed we don't know who we kind of know who they were based on what they wrote um but I mean they're no longer alive today their descendants are no longer alive today because Columbus and in his desperation you know worked them all to death killed them all um and so that's it the extinction of the first of the many Native American tribes that will become that will be killed hold on I'm looking at the steady guide plus I'm also depressed so let me give me a second here and see where we're at okay so after Columbus is over or actually even after like while Columbus is alive you need to understand that um the rather quickly right we learn that yes this this entirely new land entirely new people um Indians aren't Indians from India these are like a full-blown brand new population of people um Spain goes to the pope and tells the pope hey can you please tell the rest of the world to not send their explorers out here tell the rest of the world that this is our land because we discovered it and you know that we will do good by you Pope because our only intent for these people the only thing we want for any of these people is for them to hear the word of God all right we want to convert them to Christianity that's what we're here for that's what God asks of us and um we will do that we we commit to do that but just um can you please tell the rest of the world to get the hell out of here um don't mess with our mission and the pope ends up saying yeah that sounds about right you all are you mean you fought so hard against the Moors you're really good Catholics um I will do this for you so remember 1492 is when Columbus discover this new area um takes a while for that to actually you know factor in and and get for them to realize that it's a new place but what eventually happens is 1494 the pope signs these documents that essentially divide the world in half and says all right everyone everything east or west of this line belongs to the to the um Spaniards and then Portugal says whoa whoa whoa whoa you know Pope hold on here we're also just as good as the you know we're also just as good of Catholics as the Spaniards um we've been converting Africans non-stop I don't think it's fair that they get all this other land um how come they get you know exclusive rights to that but we don't get exclusive rights to Africa or exclusive rights to China or to India even though we're the first ones that made it out there um and the Pope says oh you're right yeah you all do do a good job to okay so how about this um this half goes to Spain and then this other half goes to Portugal does that work for all of you and these are known as the Treaty of torai and the Treaty of Saragosa and so all parties shake hands and you can see that Spain gets North America South America Central America but notice this line right here of the Treaty of Tori notice how it cuts through South America that's why out here and what is now Brazil they speak Portuguese because the Portuguese got the rights to that land so there you go this is going to be the deal and also now do you see why when Martin Luther says there's some problems with the church a bunch of the European countries out here in Eastern Europe like Germany and Austria and Hungary and all these places they uh they pounced at the opportunity to say yeah to hell with the Pope because look at this so the pope obviously has his favorites he just divided the world into two Portuguese and Spaniards what about the good Germans they fought really hard for the pope as well they've done so much work for the pope but they don't get anything England doesn't get anything so again that's why it's more political when they do jump on this okay what happens next um a bunch of Spaniards young Spaniards hear about Cuba and the Panola and all these Islands Bahamas and they end up seeing that out there there's a lot of money to be made not just in slaves but um because they're not really going to participate in like the slave trade they're not going to sell slaves to Europe that ends up being like the exclusive thing of the Portuguese uh no no no span young Spaniards back home in Spain they see that in Spain there's no real opportunities for them right in Spain you're born into your position if you're a Shoemaker you're the then you're going to if you're born from a Shoemaker you're going to be a Shoemaker um if your family has land then good you will have land if you're the first born but if you're the third born then you better go become a priest right because you're never going to get that land your you your two brothers would have to die before you get that land and all the land that there is in Spain has already been divided up and Spain is bordered by Portugal and then it's bordered by France it's not like they're going to go conquer these other places and get more land so let's just say you're born into a position in Spain and you don't want to be in that position before the new world there was nothing you could do about it but now that there's this new territory It All Belongs to Spain well hell yeah you could just go out there and make a name for yourself heck go get some land become rich get a title become Lord soand so of whatever um it's also an adventure so why not go out there right and a bunch of young Spaniards end up doing this why not go get rich do it really quick bust your butt out there by the way what what is out there in the Bahamas in the New World um which we're right now the new world as we're discussing is just the islands what's out there is um sugar plantations so you use the Indian slaves put them to work in plantations or in mines make a ton of money perfect so there's a lot of these one of these young men he's a 21-year-old ernan Cortez he just wrapped up University he got out of there with a law degree and he's like all right I guess I could settle down and um become a lawyer now just be whatever he doesn't come from like the best of families or or or my cousin he's living out in Cuba he says it's pretty badass he's making a lot of money he says he could hook me up with a job if I went out there um sorry fruit fly I think I'm going to go out there too and then once I make some money make a name for myself I'll come back I'll marry you know this girl which right now her parents would not allow her to marry me because we're not at the same level so I'll come back better richer usually when we talk about the the Spaniards that go to the Americas we say that what motivated them and this is the easy way to remember it right what motivated them are the three G's that is gold God and Glory you would say three gold God and Glory where does God fit into any of this um so believe it or not there are many of these men that do want to go out there particularly priests want to go out to the Americas because what is you know what's the best thing that you could do for Christ and convert people that have never heard about God um why not bring glory to God that way by bringing more people to him more Soul Saving souls for God so that's again remember I told you one of our biases is that we don't really live that life that they lived where the most important thing is salvation and you live 247 just thinking about salvation it consumes you every day um well if you live in that world you can maybe understand why saving Souls would also be just the amazing thing so and then Glory what does glory have to do with this well titles right honor you go out there get a name a title for yourself so and then the gold part is quite simply it's doesn't need any explanation I don't think you're going to get rich if you go so a lot of these young guys go out there Cortez is one of them and he's living in Cuba and he's been living in Cuba for a while and yeah he's got his nice little gig he's got a little p little piece of land with his sugar Plantation and he does nothing but chill and his slaves do all the work um but he knows now that it's been like 10 20 years you know of Spanish exploration and exploration by other groups they know that there's more out there now right they know that there is I they've been encountering the mays they've been encountering you know peoples they know that there's like all this other land mass there's also people there but these guys are still just chilling out here in the islands of the Caribbean and they go out here but they go out here to pick up Indian slaves that's all they go for yeah I'm going to get some slaves and then come back put them on like sell them in the islands to all the mill owners there's a lot of money to be made there actually um but not everyone can go out to pick slaves um you need a special license the governor has to give you permission here's your one week license to go pick up some slaves well Cortez has been asking his brother-in-law who's the governor of Cu for one of these licenses for a long time and the governor tells him no no no you're not ready you're not ready you're not ready finally he gets a license his brother-in-law though gets word that Cortez has become a little bit of a maniac and Cortez isn't planning a normal slave r into say kl to to NAB some Indians really quick no apparently somehow word got to the governor that Cortez he actually believed all these BS legends that you know were circulating these rumors that there was this giant City somewhere out there you know a rich city a city so rich you could say it's made out of gold because it's that rich and you know the natives that they've Ed from here or from here they've shared those stories um oh yeah there's a of course there's a big city you haven't heard of the big city I've heard of the big city man it's Rich um but nobody knows where it's at right does this sound familiar this is kind of like where those rumors of like seola or El Dorado show up um well Cortez believes them and so his brother-in-law gets word of this that Cortez is planning like this illegal trip not just for slaves but to actually go Inland and try to like conquer like find something and so the brother-in-law sends a messenger to tell Cortez hey your license has been revoked you're actually not leaving you can't go well one of Cortez's men knows somehow he knows that this messenger is on his way to tell Cortez you're out um and so the man thinking he's gonna do a good job for his boss Cortez he kills the messenger intercepts the message runs to Cortez and tells him your brother-in-law you know is coming after you uh yada yada uh Cortez says well then we better pack everything up and let's go now so Cortez flees Cuba as a fugitive you can see he stops to resupply in Trinidad and uh aana and then he finally gets to KL when he gets to kosl there he um he lands and he tells the local Indians all right so where's the where's the Gold city and they're like I don't know what they you're talking about um but do you want to trade and Cortez yeah sure let's trade um give me some Indians and as Cortez is leaving the um the Indian chief tells them whoa whoa hold up hold up hold up Hey listen we have two Spaniards you know we've got two white dudes that have been living with us for like 10 years now their ship I guess at some point got Shipwrecked um do you want to take them with you because we don't really want them here we don't need them here um and Cortez says yeah sure I'll take these Spaniards with me get this right these Spaniards have been living with the Mayans for 10 years so they obviously learn Mayan sometime during those 10 years um the uh Cortez packs his boat keeps going keeps going keeps going and you can see he makes these types of little stops right trades if they don't want to trade he kills them Etc he finally gets over here now we're like in what is you know Mexico now and somewhere in there he um runs into another Chieftain they trade Cortez is gonna leave the Chie tells him how about this why don't you marry my daughter all right I'd like for you to marry her um it's my gift to you and take her the daughter she is a she's not Aztec but you know it's one of these tribes out here that lives near where the astics are at least closer to where the astics are and she speaks the langu anguage that is spoken by most groups out here it's known as na that is na a oh here I'll type it up here okay that's what she speaks and and she speaks Mayan now why is this important well this lady she's known as I guess the Spaniards wrote about her as Donya Maria so like Mrs Maria um but Native Americans know her as malinche which means traitor malinche is this woman that um and here she is depicted by Native Americans all right and that's how you write her name Malin the Native American name for her is malinin so this is like how they would pronounce it milin and then because Spaniards can't speak you know a lot of the words that Americans speak or would speak This Is How They translated it Malin uh it's kind of like when again Andalusia versus Andalucia it's that same type of like uh changing to be able to actually pronounce it so now if you think about it Cortez has here's Cortez and he speaks Spanish and only Spanish and then he can speak Spanish to what those shipwreck Sailors and the Shipwrecked Sailors can translate that Spanish into Mayan which myin can understand and then myin can communicate in naal the local language of this area which means now now now they can probably communicate with the local Indians and they're not going to be like talking in Sign Language or whatever and maybe Cortez will be able to find get like actual directions to the Golden City well they get they they're not even going to need Tas for directions you all because as they're going going going and they're asking you know every village that they stop at they finally get here to this place called verac Cruz and I'm going to go extra like a minute or two they get to veric Cruz and get this there's Native Americans already waiting for him at the beach and they tell um they tell Cortez yo we heard you've been looking for us right so imagine the scare I mean I'm getting Goosebumps just thinking about it our King heard that you're looking for him and and Cortez like oh okay um whoa uh yes I have been looking I maybe I don't know are you the guys from the city of gold because I had been looking for the City of Gold and they're like listen our King wants to see you um here are some gifts you know to show that he he means well um come with us we'll take you to our major city what I'm discussing here is these are Astic emissaries who I mean get how well connected they are right Cortez is like bouncing bouncing bouncing off of like Coastal villages is somehow these guys have spies everywhere and they know that there's there's been this white bearded guy asking questions asking questions and they're like I guess we'd better just bring him in see what the hell he wants he's Bo bothering everyone and so Cortez and his men are marched over to 10 o SE on and